Specification for Preparation and Verification of Clay Blocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso Body Armor

10.1520/e3004 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Body Armor ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Ballistic Resistance

scholarly journals Failure Investigation of Layered LFT SB1plus Package after Ballistic Tests for Level IIA

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Cătălin Pîrvu ◽  
Lorena Deleanu
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Protective Fabrics

The main objective of this study focuses on designing and testing body protection systems using advanced materials based on aramid fibers, for high impact speeds of up to 420 ± 10 m/s. Ballistic applications of aramid fiber-based composites mostly include soft body armors. The investigation of the failure mechanisms identifies issues of protective fabrics, major challenges and technological problems for efficient development of these systems. The authors present an investigation on the failure processes and destructive stages of a ballistic package made of successive layers of LFT SB1plus, a trade name for a multiaxial fabric by Twaron Laminated Fabric Technology (LFT), taking into account the particular test conditions from NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor. The main parameter of interest was the backface signature (BFS), but also details of projectile arrest and SEM investigation could offer arguments for using this material for individual protection. For the reported tests, the maximum and minimum values for BFS were 12 mm and 24 mm, the mean value being 18.66 mm and the standard deviation being 3.8 mm.

Linking Theory to Practice: Predicting Ballistic Performance from Mechanical Properties of Aged Body Armor

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Forster ◽  
Dennis D. Leber ◽  
Amy Engelbrecht-Wiggans ◽  
Virginie Landais ◽  
Allen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ballistic Resistance

It has long been a goal of the body armor testing community to establish an individualized, scientific-based protocol for predicting the ballistic performance end of life for fielded body armor. A major obstacle in achieving this goal is the test methods used to ascertain ballistic performance, which are destructive in nature and require large sample sizes. In this work, using both the Cunniff and Phoenix-Porwal models, we derived two separate but similar theoretical relationships between the observed degradation in mechanical properties of aged body armor and its decreased ballistic performance. We present two studies used to validate the derived functions. The first correlates the degradation in mechanical properties of fielded body armor to the degradation produced by a laboratory accelerated-aging protocol. The second examines the ballistic resistance and the extracted-yarn mechanical properties of new and laboratory-aged body armor made from poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), or PBO, and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), or PPTA. We present correlations found between the tensile strengths of yarns extracted from armor and the ballistic limit (V50) when significant degradation of the mechanical properties of the extracted yarns was observed. These studies provided the basis for a validation data set in which we compared the experimentally measured V50 ballistic limit results to the theoretically predicted V50 results. The theoretical estimates were generally shown to provide a conservative prediction of the ballistic performance of the armor. This approach is promising for the development of a tool for fielded armor performance surveillance relying upon mechanical testing of armor coupon samples.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ballistic Resistance Testing Techniques in the Department of Defense

IEEE Access ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1442-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Johnson ◽  
Laura Freeman ◽  
Janice Hester ◽  
Jonathan L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Testing Techniques

scholarly journals Ballistic resistance of bulletproof vests level IIIA. Development of testing methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yaneva
Keyword(s):  
Body Armor ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Ballistic Test ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Given

This study presents the process of development of a methodology for testing the ballistic resistance of bulletproof vests. The methodology is especially intended for testing bulletproof vests with protection level IIIA, according to NIJ 0101.04. This level provides an adequate protection of the life and health of anti-terrorists, police and security officers at duty considering the most common potential threats. The methodology is based on the requirements and norms for the given level of protection laid down in the standardization documents in this field, namely NIJ Standard–0101.04 - Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor, NIJ Standard–0101.06 - Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor, STANAG 2920 - Ballistic test methodology for personal armour materials and combat clothing, GOST R 50744-95 - Armored clothing, as well as these of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Bulgaria. In the process of its development, the principles of comparison, compliance and analysis have been used, taking into account the typical specifics and specification of the weapons and their ammunition used in the Balkan region. Testing methods include the most common ammunition in the Balkans. In this way, the bulletproof vests tested on it would provide a more adequate level of protection, thus reducing the possibility of injuries of the officers in the course of their assigned tasks. Used to evaluate the ballistic resistance of bulletproof vests with a level of protection IIIA, the proposed methodology is quick and adequate, in line with identified potential threats by certain weapons used in the Balkans.

Characterizing the Interaction Among Bullet, Body Armor, and Human and Surrogate Targets

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixin Shen ◽  
Yuqing Niu ◽  
Lucy Bykanova ◽  
Peter Laurence ◽  
Norman Link
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Target Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

This study used a combined experimental and modeling approach to characterize and quantify the interaction among bullet, body armor, and human surrogate targets during the 10–1000 μs range that is crucial to evaluating the protective effectiveness of body armor against blunt injuries. Ballistic tests incorporating high-speed flash X-ray measurements were performed to acquire the deformations of bullets and body armor samples placed against ballistic clay and gelatin targets with images taken between 10 μs and 1 ms of the initial impact. Finite element models (FEMs) of bullet, armor, and gelatin and clay targets were developed with material parameters selected to best fit model calculations to the test measurements. FEMs of bullet and armor interactions were then assembled with a FEM of a human torso and FEMs of clay and gelatin blocks in the shape of a human torso to examine the effects of target material and geometry on the interaction. Test and simulation results revealed three distinct loading phases during the interaction. In the first phase, the bullet was significantly slowed in about 60 μs as it transferred a major portion of its energy into the body armor. In the second phase, fibers inside the armor were pulled toward the point of impact and kept on absorbing energy until about 100 μs after the initial impact when energy absorption reached its peak. In the third phase, the deformation on the armor’s back face continued to grow and energies inside both armor and targets redistributed through wave propagation. The results indicated that armor deformation and energy absorption in the second and third phases were significantly affected by the material properties (density and stiffness) and geometrical characteristics (curvature and gap at the armor-target interface) of the targets. Valid surrogate targets for testing the ballistic resistance of the armor need to account for these factors and produce the same armor deformation and energy absorption as on a human torso until at least about 100 μs (maximum armor energy absorption) or more preferably 300 μs (maximum armor deformation).

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