Standard Test Methods for:Determining Physical Properties of Inflatable Restraint Cushions (Discontinued 2000) (Replaced by D 5807 and D 5822)

10.1520/d5645 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test

Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Rubber Vulcanizates at Low Temperatures

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-932
Author(s):  
L. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Convenient Means ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simple Character ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract The technical importance of rubber vulcanizates in fields where they are likely to be subjected to temperatures lower than normal requires no emphasis, and has resulted in considerable activity being directed to the evaluation of the physical properties of rubber vulcanizates at such temperatures. The purpose of these investigations has been to compare the low temperature serviceability of various rubbers, and to study of the behavior of the materials at these temperatures in order that the data obtained may be used to assist design. Such extension of knowledge is of great importance since rubber vulcanizates exhibit considerably increased stiffness and become brittle at low temperatures. Several good summaries of the work exist in the literature; these show that there is a considerable lack of uniformity in the methods of testing and representation. As a result of this wide diversity of test methods, there is no generally accepted index of low-temperature serviceability. Many of the tests which have been used involve the extension of the usual technical tests to lower temperatures, whereas others involve a study of the performance of rubber components in conditions of service. The results of such tests generally have been quoted as a temperature below which a particular property fails to fulfil a given requirement. The endeavor to obtain one temperature or one parameter which characterizes the resistance to low temperatures has been only partially successful, since the interdependence of stress, strain, time and temperature make it impossible to formulate relations of a simple character which describe the behavior of rubber vulcanizates over even a limited range of conditions. First, there is the need for an accepted standard test (or tests) ; secondly there is the need for a convenient method of expressing the resistance to low temperatures, and lastly, there is the need for the development of the ideas of the processes leading to the changes in physical properties at low temperatures. In this paper it is intended to review the various methods which have been suggested for low-temperature testing, to indicate the sources of the inadequacy of the individual tests, and to describe the initial results of an investigation, as yet incomplete, into a convenient means of testing and representing the mechanical properties at low temperatures.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation on Optimizing Liquid Repellency of Fluorochemical Urethane Finish and Its Effect on the Physical Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Sunidhi Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Laundering Durability ◽  
Fluorocarbon Chain ◽  
Liquid Repellency ◽  
Optimum Balance ◽  
Long Chain

This paper aims to optimize the liquid repellency performance of fluorochemical urethane (FU)—a patented technology with a shorter fluorocarbon chain (C4). FU is free from persistent bioaccumulative toxins such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), unlike the long-chain fluorinated chemicals (>C6). Different sets of varied finish concentrations with an extender and a wetting agent were prepared to treat the 65/35% polyester/cotton blended fabric. The finish concentration was optimized based on the liquid repellency (water and oil-repellency) of the treated fabric and its laundering durability. In addition, the effect of the finish concentration on selected physical properties of the treated fabric was studied as well. The liquid repellency, laundering durability, and selected physical properties of the treated and untreated fabrics were analyzed using ASTM and AATCC standard test methods. The results of textile substrates treated with 60 g/L of FU show an optimum balance of desired liquid repellency without affecting the physical properties of the fabric significantly.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Intergranular Corrosion Tests on EN AW-6016 Sheet Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Peer Decker ◽  
Ines Zerbin ◽  
Luisa Marzoli ◽  
Marcel Rosefort
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Test Parameters

Two different intergranular corrosion tests were performed on EN AW-6016 sheet material, an ISO 11846:1995-based test with varying solution amounts and acid concentrations, and a standard test of an automotive company (PV1113, VW-Audi). The average intergranular corrosion depth was determined via optical microscopy. The differences in the intergranular corrosion depths were then discussed with regard to the applicability and quality of the two different test methods. The influence of varying test parameters for ISO 11846:1995 was discussed as well. The determined IGC depths were found to be strongly dependent on the testing parameters, which will therefore have a pronounced influence on the determined IGC susceptibility of a material. In general, ISO 11846:1995 tests resulted in a significantly lower corrosion speed, and the corrosive attack was found to be primarily along grain boundaries.

Serviceability Assessment of a Printed Finish on T-Shirts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Reannan Riedy ◽  
Meredith McQuerry
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Change Material

To improve the comfort of agricultural workers, a T-shirt with a printed active cooling finish was evaluated to determine if it would meet the wash life durability and performance expectations of such an arduous application. Six shirts with a printed phase change material (PCM) finish and six shirts without (control) were washed 50 times to replicate a typical consumer wash life. Shirts were evaluated for absorbency, dimensional change, colorfastness, crocking, abrasion resistance, soil release, and smoothness retention according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods. Testing was conducted before laundering and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 consumer laundry (CL) cycles. Absorbency and dimensional change were significantly influenced by the PCM finish. Results demonstrate the appropriateness of adopting such a finish technology for agricultural worker clothing applications.

Development of standard test methods for unmanned and manned industrial vehicles used near humans

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bostelman ◽  
Richard Norcross ◽  
Joe Falco ◽  
Jeremy Marvel
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test

scholarly journals Derived Interaction Parameters for the TSAI-WU Tensor Polynomial Theory of Strength for Composite Materials

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. DeTeresa ◽  
Gregory J. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Limits

Abstract It is shown that the two interactive strength parameters in the Tsai-Wu tensor polynomial strength criterion for fiber composites can be derived in terms of the uniaxial or non-interacting strength parameters if the composite does not fail under practical levels of hydrostatic pressure or equal transverse compression. Thus the required number of parameters is reduced from seven to five and all five of the remaining strength terms are easily determined using standard test methods. The derived interactive parameters fall within the stability limits of the theory, yet they lead to open failure surfaces in the compressive stress quadrant. The assumptions used to derive the interactive parameters were supported by measurements for the effect of hydrostatic pressure and unequal transverse compression on the behavior of a typical carbon fiber composite.

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