Standard Practice for:Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using Optical Reference Line Method

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Line ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Line Method ◽  
Optical Reference ◽  
Cylindrical Tanks

scholarly journals Tracked Wall-Climbing Robot for Calibration of Large Vertical Metal Tanks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlei Chen ◽  
Yiping Wu ◽  
Huadong Hao ◽  
Haolei Shi ◽  
Haocai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Reference Line ◽  
Climbing Robot ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Line Method ◽  
Optical Reference ◽  
Magnetic Adhesion

Large vertical metal tanks are the primary vessels for the storage and turnover of crude oil, and the accuracy of their capacity calibrations are of great significance. The optical reference line method (ORLM) is used for capacity calibration and is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and hazardous, because of the elevated work. This paper aims to present a robot to overcome the problems above. We propose a tracked wall-climbing robot (TWCR) with permanent magnetic adhesion tracks, a collapsible scale, and an optional shovel-like rust remover that enable the TWCR to move stably on tank surfaces and perform the ORLM. Two sets of field tests (internal ORLM and external ORLM) indicate that capacity calibration by the TWCR is time saving, convenient, and safe, in addition to being accurate and reliable.

scholarly journals A Cross-Reference Line Method Based Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm to Enhance Population Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Feng ◽  
Zhao-Hui Wang ◽  
Jia-Rong Fan ◽  
Ting Fu ◽  
Zhi-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Reference Line ◽  
Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Line Method ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Diversity Enhancement ◽  
Cross Reference

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) with higher population diversity have been extensively presented in literature studies and shown great potential in the approximate Pareto front (PF). Especially, in the recent development of MOEAs, the reference line method is increasingly favored due to its diversity enhancement nature and auxiliary selection mechanism based on the uniformly distributed reference line. However, the existing reference line method ignores the nadir point and consequently causes the Pareto incompatibility problem, which makes the algorithm convergence worse. To address this issue, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on the adaptive cross-reference line method, called MOEA-CRL, is proposed under the framework of the indicator-based MOEAs. Based on the dominant penalty distance (DPD) indicator, the cross-reference line method can not only solve the Pareto incompatibility problem but also enhance the population diversity on the convex PF and improve the performances of MOEA-CRL for irregular PF. In addition, the MOEA-CRL adjusts the distribution of the cross-reference lines directly defined by the DPD indicator according to the contributing solutions. Therefore, the adaptation of cross-reference lines will not be affected by the population size and the uniform distribution of cross-reference lines can be maintained. The MOEA-CRL is examined and compared with other MOEAs on several benchmark problems. The experimental results show that the MOEA-CRL is superior to several advanced MOEAs, especially on the convex PF. The MOEA-CRL exhibits the flexibility in population size setting and the great versatility in various multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) and many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs).

The laser reference line method and its comparison to a total station in an ATLAS like configuration

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Batusov ◽  
J. Budagov ◽  
M. Lyablin ◽  
J. -Ch. Gayde ◽  
B. Di Girolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Line ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Line Method

IMMUNOASSAY OF GONADOTROPHINS USING COMPLEMENT FIXATION

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S113-S133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Brody
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Technical Procedure ◽  
Methodological Problems

ABSTRACT This report is a summary of 10 years of experience with the complement fixation test as adopted for the immunoassay of HCG in serum. It is based on published as well as unpublished material. The discussion centers mainly around methodological problems, criteria of reliability, and clinical observations. It is our impression that the complement fixation test is a reasonably rapid and simple technical procedure. It is standard practice in every bacteriological and virological laboratory. The precision of the HCG assay is high. Its accuracy is good. The complement fixation assay, as reported here, fulfils the criteria of specificity. It has been evaluated by means of serological techniques and through comparison between biopotency and immunopotency of HCG in serum with reference to a common standard. Its application for routine as well as research work is illustrated.

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