Test Methods for Carbon Black--Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption

10.1520/d2117 ◽  
1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Black Surface

Surface Morphology of Thermal, Furnace and Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks by Nitrogen Adsorption - Relation to the Electrical Conductivity

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Pantea ◽  
Hans Darmstadt ◽  
Serge Kaliaguine ◽  
Silvia Blacher ◽  
Christian Roy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Defect Concentration ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Abstract The surface morphology of various carbon blacks was studied by low-pressure nitrogen adsorption. The shape of their low-pressure nitrogen isotherm depends on the concentration of surface defects. This defect concentration on the surface is different for thermal blacks, even for those of the same grade. Different surface morphologies were also observed for carbon blacks obtained by pyrolysis of truck tires. The concentration of defects increased with pyrolysis pressure. For the various furnace blacks, however, similar surface morphologies were observed. The electrical conductivity of thermal and pyrolytic carbon blacks decreases with increasing defect concentration. However, in spite of a similar surface morphology, different conductivities were observed for furnace blacks. The carbon black surface morphology is therefore not a determining factor for the electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the graphitic character of the carbon black surface was studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). For thermal, furnace and pyrolytic carbon blacks, the conductivity increased with increasing graphitic character of the carbon black surface, thus underlining the importance of this parameter.

Radiotracer Studies of Carbon Black Surface Interactions with Organic Systems. I. Experimental Approach and Initial Results from Chemisorption and Vinyl Polymerization Studies

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin L. Deviney ◽  
Lawrence E. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Basic Reaction ◽  
Black Surface

Abstract Radiotracer techniques have been applied to the study of interactions of carbon black surface functional groups with two chosen organic systems. The basic reaction mechanisms demonstrated in this study may have implications in elastomer reinforcement. Direct radiochemical evidence supports the conclusions of Hallum and Drushel (based on less direct polarographic data) that surface quinonic groups exhibit hydrogen abstraction activity toward tertiary hydrogens in paraffinic hydrocarbons. Studies on the system carbon black and styrene using tritium radiotracer have provided direct evidence that phenolic hydrogens participate in the polymerization acceleration and graft polymer formation reaction and are transferred to the growing polystyrene chains as postulated by Donnet. Several methods have been developed for specifically labelling certain oxygenated functional groups on the carbon surface with tritium and for tritium labelling carbon black in aromatic hydrogen positions. The techniques developed in this work and the basic reaction mechanisms derived will permit this investigation to be extended into a radiochemical study of carbon black surface interactions with elastomer related systems of interest to the rubber industry.

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