scholarly journals Marrying Up by Marrying Down: Status Exchange between Social Origin and Education in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1003-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Schwartz ◽  
Zhen Zeng ◽  
Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Status Exchange

scholarly journals Immigration and status exchange in Australia and the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate H. Choi ◽  
Marta Tienda ◽  
Deborah Cobb-Clark ◽  
Mathias Sinning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Exchange

scholarly journals Immigration and Status Exchange in Australia and the United States

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Choi ◽  
Marta Tienda ◽  
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark ◽  
Mathias Sinning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Exchange

scholarly journals Reinforcing at the Top or Compensating at the Bottom? Family Background and Academic Performance in Germany, Norway, and the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grätz ◽  
Øyvind N. Wiborg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Performance Distribution ◽  
Cross National

Research on educational mobility usually fails to consider variation in the association between social origin and academic performance across the distribution of children’s academic performance. However, theories of social mobility as well as theories about resource allocation within families predict such variation. We use quantile regression models to estimate variations in the associations between different indicators of family background (parental education, occupation, earnings, and wealth) and children’s educational performance across the performance distribution. We apply this approach to data on Germany, Norway, and the United States, three countries that represent different kinds of welfare and education regimes that may affect the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage. We find a stronger association between family background and academic performance at the bottom than in the middle and the weakest association at the top of the performance distribution. These findings are virtually identical across all four indicators of family background. We also find no cross-national differences in the variation of the association between family background and academic performance across the performance distribution.

scholarly journals Immigration and Status Exchange in Australia and the United States

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Choi ◽  
Marta Tienda ◽  
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark ◽  
Mathias Sinning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Exchange

scholarly journals How are social origin, destination and mobility linked to physical, mental, and self-rated health? Evidence from the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bulczak ◽  
Alexi Gugushvili ◽  
Olga Zelinska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Measures

AbstractFor decades, scholars have been exploring persistent inequalities in health by studying the roles of origin and destination socioeconomic positions (SEP), and the importance of social mobility trajectories from childhood to adult life in individuals’ wellbeing. However, this literature does not produce consistent and systematic findings on the relative importance of origin and destination SEP and independent social mobility effects. One of the main reasons for this is a set of methodological choices and decisions which researchers make. Arguably, one of the most critical aspects of research design is the operationalisation of SEP and the selection of health outcomes, usually without accounting for initial values of the health indicators employed. Using a nationally representative longitudinal dataset (Add Health) for the United States and diagonal reference models, in the present study, we examine how the choice of SEP in terms of educational, occupational, and income attainment, and the choice of health measures in terms of obesity, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health, influence findings on the origin and destination effects, as well as the health implications of social mobility. We also address the health selection problem by explicitly accounting for adolescents’ health in terms of each health outcome considered. Our results indicate that both choosing SEP and health measures, and accounting for social mobility and adolescent health have a noticeable impact on the relative importance of social origin and destination positions for health outcomes. We do not find evidence that social mobility has an independent effect on health, or that individuals’ previous health status moderates this association.

Declining Racial Stratification in Marriage Choices? Trends in Black/White Status Exchange in the United States, 1980 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Peter Rich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
White Women ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Exchange

The status exchange hypothesis suggests that partners in black/white marriages in the United States trade racial for educational status, indicating strong hierarchical barriers between racial groups. The authors examine trends in status exchange in black/white marriages and cohabitations between 1980 and 2010, a period during which these unions increased from 0.3 percent to 1.5 percent of all young couples. The authors find that status exchange between black men and white women did not decline among either marriages or cohabitations, even as interracial unions became more prevalent. The authors also distinguish two factors driving exchange: (1) the growing probability of marrying a white person as educational attainment increases for both blacks and whites (educational boundaries) and (2) a direct trade of race-by-education between partners (dyadic exchange). Although the theoretical interpretation of exchange has focused on the latter factor, the authors show that status exchange largely emerges from the former.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

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