scholarly journals Hematologic parameters in coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and their clinical implications

Discoveries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e117
Author(s):  
Rao Muhammad Waleed ◽  
◽  
Inbisat Sehar ◽  
Waleed Iftikhar ◽  
Huma Saeed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Coagulation Profile ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Hematologic Profile ◽  
Obscure Origin

Coronaviruses are a class of enveloped RNA viruses that cause infections of the respiratory tract, characterized by fever, tiredness, dry cough, diarrhea, loss of smell or taste, chest pain and shortness of breath. Many patients with mysterious pneumonia were distinguished in December 2019 in Wuhan. The pneumonia of obscure origin was found to be ascribed to a novel coronavirus and described as novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). The Chinese authorities initially reported the wave of mysterious pneumonia on December 31st, 2019 and it was declared as an outbreak of international concern on January 30th, 2020. A systematic search of relevant research was conducted, and a total of 58 primary research articles were identified, analyzed, and debated to better understand the hematologic profile in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) infection and its clinical implications. All the findings in this article manifest a true impression of the current interpretation of hematological findings of the SARS-COV-2 disease. Pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease can be better interpreted by taking into consideration the hematologic parameters. Clinical implications of the hematologic profile of COVID-19 patients including cytokine storm, coagulation profile, and thrombophilic complications are under-recognized. Therefore, this review focuses on the coagulation profile, cytokine storm, and its treatment options. The role of pre-existing thrombophilia in COVID-19 patients and how it could result in the poor prognosis of the disease is also debated. The recent data suggests that hypercoagulability could be the potential cause of fatalities due to COVID-19. Potential effects of tocilizumab, metronidazole, and ulinastatin in suppressing cytokine storm may help to treat SARS-COV-2 infection. This review also highlights the significance of thrombophilia testing in SARS-CoV-2 patients depending on the clinical features and especially in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm in the Novel Coronavirus Infection and Methods of its Correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
A. V. Ershov ◽  
V. D. Surova ◽  
V. T. Dolgikh ◽  
T. I. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Average Impact Factor ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The aim of the study was to identify the role of cytokine storm in COVID-19, that emerged at the end of 2019, based on the analysis of 80 publications, including 17.4% Russian and 82.6% foreign publications for 2014–2020 with an average impact factor of 11.94 and a maximum of 74.699. This review includes an in-depth discussion of the possible causes and pathogenetic factors of cytokine storm syndrome development caused by COVID-19. The results of research on the use of various principles of cytokine storm correction are provided. It has been established that lung damage and the development of a fatal outcome are caused not by the virus itself, but by the hyperreaction of the body's immune system. The leading role in this process belongs to the cytokine storm, including the action of IL-6.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

High cytokine levels and cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Maksim Leonidovich Maksimov ◽  
Albina Ayratovna Zvegintseva ◽  
Lyudmila Yurievna Kulagina ◽  
Albina Zainutdinovna Nigmedzyanova ◽  
Elvina Ramisovna Kadyseva
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A review article is based on current foreign sources. The level of cytokines in the peripheral blood can be increased in many diseases, but in some cases there may be an excess of their normal concentration in tens, hundreds or more times with the development of a peculiar clinical picture, which is based on a systemic inflammatory reaction. In the literature this condition has received the figurative name «cytokine storm», which highlights an extremely violent reaction of the immune system with an unknown (often unfavorable) outcome. Close attention of the scientific world and the public to the problem of extremely high levels of cytokines in the peripheral blood (hypercytokinemia) was drawn due to the high frequency of the cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Sphingolipids in Lung Pathology in the Coronavirus Disease Era: A Review of Sphingolipid Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad A. Khan ◽  
Kayla F. Goliwas ◽  
Jessy S. Deshane
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and the inflammatory response. The SphK/S1P/S1PR pathway (S1P pathway) is a driver of many anti-apoptotic and proliferative processes. Pro-survival sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) initiates its signaling cascade by interacting with various sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) through which it is able to exert its pro-survival or inflammatory effects. Whereas sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosines are pro-apoptotic. The pro-apoptotic lipid, ceramide, can be produced de novo by ceramide synthases and converted to sphingosine by way of ceramidases. The balance of these antagonistic lipids and how this balance manifests is the essence of the sphingolipid rheostat. Recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 have implicated the S1P pathway in the pathogenesis of novel coronavirus disease COVID-19-related lung damage. Accumulating evidence indicates that an aberrant inflammatory process, known as “cytokine storm” causes lung injury in COVID-19, and studies have shown that the S1P pathway is involved in signaling this hyperinflammatory response. Beyond the influence of this pathway on cytokine storm, over the last decade the S1P pathway has been investigated for its role in a wide array of lung pathologies, including pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and lung cancer. Various studies have used S1P pathway modulators in models of lung disease; many of these efforts have yielded results that point to the potential efficacy of targeting this pathway for future treatment options. Additionally, they have emphasized S1P pathway’s significant role in inflammation, fibrosis, and a number of other endothelial and epithelial changes that contribute to lung damage. This review summarizes the S1P pathway’s involvement in COVID-19 and chronic lung diseases and discusses the potential for targeting S1P pathway as a therapeutic option for these diseases.

scholarly journals Role of nutrients regulation in the immune system in preventing COVID-19 infection: A brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Anamika Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

This review aimed to focus on using foods to boost immunity against COVID-19 in all age groups. In human, coronavirus causes the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and a major threat to public health. The novel coronavirus was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its rapid infectivity. COVID-19 infection is most probably reported in people with low immunity response. The nutrients, which show beneficial effects on the immune system, are called immune nutrients and diet is called immune diet. A healthy diet can reduce the risk of infection of COVID-19 and can prevent disease. Nutritional food intake is also necessary for people with chronic illness, obese persons, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction like anxiety and depression. All nutrients are essential for maintaining immunity and providing appropriate amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals for the surveillance mode of keeping us from getting sick. The use of plenty of water, minerals such as micronutrients, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, food rich in vitamins, and a good lifestyle can promote health and overwhelm this coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals On the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Born ◽  
David Beymer ◽  
Deepta Rajan ◽  
Adam Coy ◽  
Vandana V. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dataset Size ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Keyword Searches

AbstractPurposeThe global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of numerous digital technologies in medicine from telemedicine to remote monitoring. Concurrently, the pandemic has resulted in huge pressures on healthcare systems. Medical imaging from chest radiographs to computed tomography and ultrasound of the thorax have played an important role in the diagnosis and management of the coronavirus infection.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of the literature focused on MI in COVID-19 and the utility of AI. Keyword searches were performed on PubMed and preprint servers including arXiv, bioRxiv and medRxiv; 338 papers were included in a meta-analysis and manually reviewed to assess solutions in AI according to their clinical relevance. The maturity of the papers was evaluated based on four criteria: peer-review, patient dataset size, algorithmic complexity and usage of the AI in clinical practice.ResultsIn the first three quarters of 2020, we identified 3444 papers on MI in COVID-19, of which 556 had at least some focus on AI. 2039 of 3444 were specific to imaging modalities and predominantly (80.7%) focused on CT (9.9% on LUS and 9.5% on CXR). The AI literature was predominantly focused on CXR (51.2%), 36.1% on CT and 1.8% on LUS. Only a small portion of the papers were judged as mature (3.8%) and most AI papers focused on disease detection (72.8%).ConclusionsThis review evidences a disparity between clinicians and the AI community, both in the focus on imaging modalities and performed tasks. Better collaboration is needed to allocate resources optimally for the development of clinically relevant solutions that are validated on large-scale patient data.Clinical implicationsAI may aid clinicians and radiologists by providing better tools for localization and quantification of disease features and changes thereof, and, with integration of clinical data, may provide better diagnostic performance and prognostic value.

scholarly journals Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Zahraa Qusairy ◽  
Miran Rada
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has appeared to be one of the biggest global health threats worldwide with no specific therapeutic agents. As of August 2020, over 22.4 million confirmed cases and more than 788,000 deaths have been reported globally, and the toll is expected to increase before the pandemic is over. Given the aggressive nature of their underlying disease, cancer patients seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and various studies have confirmed this hypothesis. Herein, we review the current information regarding the role of cancer in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, we discuss the effective supportive treatment options for COVID-19 including Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab and Remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), as well as discuss their efficacy in COVID-19 patients with cancer.

Dermatological manifestations in novel coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Хрянин ◽  
В.Г. Стуров ◽  
А.П. Надеев ◽  
В.К. Бочарова
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
Skin Symptoms ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Secondary Consequence

Обзор посвящен анализу дерматологических проявлений при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, информация о которых непрерывно обновляется и дополняется. Однако до сих пор имеющиеся данные не были систематизированы. Цель обзора: проанализировать дерматологические проявления новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. В среднем, у 12,5–20,4% пациентов с подтвержденным COVID-19 развились кожные проявления. Вопрос о том, являются ли кожные симптомы вторичным следствием респираторной инфекции или первичной инфекцией самой кожи, на данный момент остается открытым. Обсуждаются вероятные механизмы развития поражений кожи и роли системы комплемента и гиперкоагуляции крови в патогенезе развития дерматологических проявлений. В обзоре также приводятся клинические примеры вовлечения кожных покровов в инфекционный процесс при COVID-19. Поскольку COVID-19 имеет тенденцию к бессимптомному течению в течение 14 дней после заражения, кожные проявления могут служить индикатором инфекции, способствуя своевременной диагностике. Кроме того, осведомленность врачей о кожных симптомах, связанных с инфекцией COVID-19, имеет решающее значение для предотвращения неправильного диагноза заболевания. Review focuses on the analysis of dermatological manifestations of the novel coronovirus infection COVID-19; this information is continuously updated and supplemented. However, the available data have not been systematized until now. The purpose of this review is to analyze the dermatological manifestations of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. On average, 12.5–20.4% of patients with confirmed COVID-19 have developed skin manifestations. Whether the skin symptoms are a secondary consequence of a respiratory infection or a primary infection of the skin itself presently remains still open. Possible mechanisms of skin lesions development are discussed as well as the role of the complement system and blood hypercoagulation in the pathogenesis of the dermatological manifestations. The review also provides clinical examples of skin involvement in the infectious process in COVID-19. Since COVID-19 tends to be asymptomatic within 14 days of infection, so skin manifestations can serve as an indicator of infection, facilitating timely diagnosis. Moreover, physicians’ awareness of skin symptoms associated with COVID-19 is crucial for preventing misdiagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals A case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a patient with obstructive sleep apnea managed with telemedicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e240496
Author(s):  
Isabelo Sicsic Jr ◽  
Andres R Chacon ◽  
Moe Zaw ◽  
Kori Ascher ◽  
Alexandre Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced millions of infections and deaths worldwide. It is believed that adaptive immunity to the virus occurs although with variation in its pattern and duration. While uncommon, confirmed reinfection with the novel coronavirus has been reported. Telemedicine has emerged as a viable tool for the delivery of healthcare in lieu of in-person patient contact. The variable and occasionally rapid course of clinical disease raises safety concerns of using telemedicine in the clinical management of acute infection with the novel coronavirus. We present a case of novel coronavirus infection in an immunocompetent individual with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who failed to manifest an adaptive immune response to acute infection and was subsequently reinfected. The case highlights the use of telemedicine in managing novel coronavirus respiratory disease and the potential role of OSA as a disease facilitator.

scholarly journals Electrolyte deficiency after the novel coronavirus infection and post-COVID asthenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Ebzeeva ◽  
◽  
O.D. Ostroumova ◽  
I.F. Krotkova ◽  
E.V. Mironova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Specific Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Asthenia is a non-specific syndrome common in general practice and occurs in patients with acute and chronic somatic disorders, including infectious ones. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is one of the leading causes of severe and persistent asthenia. The hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis is essential for the development of asthenia since its dysfunction provoked by various factors (including infections) results in electrolyte metabolism impairment with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. This paper describes a hypothetical pathogenic mechanism of asthenia after the COVID-19, which implies over-activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that, in particular, leads to hypokalemia. The role of pharmacotherapy prescribed for the COVID-19 is highlighted. Study results demonstrate a high rate of hypokalemia in patients with the COVID-19 and suggest a direct correlation between the severity of hypokalemia and the activity of viral infection. Furthermore, the detection of electrolyte abnormalities is essential in both acute infection and convalescence. Finally, the authors consider ways of relieving this pathological condition. KEYWORDS: novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, post-infectious asthenia, angiotensin-converting enzyme, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia. FOR CITATION: Ebzeeva E.Yu., Ostroumova O.D., Krotkova I.F. et al. Electrolyte deficiency after the novel coronavirus infection and post- COVID asthenia. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):245–251 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-245-251.

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