scholarly journals Clinical and Biological Effects of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy in Refractory Periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Rola Al Habashneh ◽  
Mohammad A Mashal ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Rana Qudah
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Introduction: To date, no novel treatment approach is available for optimum outcomes regarding refractory periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating patients diagnosed with refractory periodontitis and compare the clinical and biological outcomes of conventional periodontal treatment with or without adjunctive PDT in these patients, by assessing clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival recession [GR], bleeding on probing [BOP], periodontal probing depth [PPD] and clinical attachment level [CAL]) as well as biological parameters (IL-1β) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: Sixteen patients within the age of 30 to 60 years, with a mean age of 40 years old, diagnosed with refractory periodontitis were included. In this split mouth design study, 2 quads (1 upper + 1 lower) from the same patient were randomly treated with (scaling and root planing [SRP]+PDT) together. The other 2 quadrants (1 upper + 1 lower) were treated by SRP only and selected to serve as controls. Clinical parameters including PI, GR, BOP, PPD and CAL and biological parameters (IL-1β) in the GCF were measured at baseline, then at, 2 and 6 months after therapy. Results: A statistically significant reduction in several clinical parameters as, BOP (P < 0.001), PI (P < 0.001), PPD (P < 0.001) and CAL (P < 0.001) in quadrant treated with SRP and adjunctive PDT when compared to control group treated with SRP alone was observed and both therapies showed non-statistically significant differences in the reduction of IL-1β level. Conclusion: The inclusion of PDT as an adjunctive measure to nonsurgical conventional periodontal treatment seems to be a useful therapeutic measure in refractory periodontitis treatment.

scholarly journals Using Salivary MMP-9 to Successfully Quantify Periodontal Inflammation during Orthodontic Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Ionut Luchian ◽  
Mihaela Moscalu ◽  
Ancuta Goriuc ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
Monica Tatarciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Periodontitis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory conditions resulting in progressive destruction of periodontium. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of gelatin and collagen and present in the gingival crevicular fluid, is markedly increased in periodontitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment either alone or in combination with orthodontic treatment on MMP-9 levels. In this study, 60 individuals were subjected to periodontal treatment (PD) or periodontal treatment combined with orthodontic treatment (POD). Both periodontal and periodontal plus orthodontic treatments significantly improved clinical parameters and lowered MMP-9 levels compared to control group. However, the combination of periodontal with orthodontic treatment further improved clinical parameters and enhanced the lowering effect on MMP-9 levels compared to periodontal or control groups alone. Finally, the degree of malocclusion significantly affected the effect of the treatment on MPP-9 levels with PD treatment having the most pronounced effect. We concluded that salivary MMP-9 can serve to accurately predict the level of inflammation in affected periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment that is also associated with the type of malocclusion, making it a viable diagnosis tool in monitoring the progression of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment.

Comparative Evaluation of Cytokines in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Chunjiao Xu ◽  
Wings TY Loo ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Objectives This study aims to evaluate and compare cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AP) before and after treatment. Methods Forty AP patients and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters included probing depth and sulcus bleeding index. GCF and saliva were collected from both groups. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Results The probing depth in AP patients was significantly deeper before treatment than after treatment. The concentrations of cytokines in GCF and saliva were significantly higher in AP patients than in the control group and decreased after periodontal treatment. Positive relationships were found between cytokine levels in GCF and clinical parameters. The reliability of cytokines in GCF and saliva was assessed by Cronbach's alpha analysis, which could be considered satisfactory. Conclusion Cytokine levels in GCF and saliva correlated well with clinical parameters and AP. Measurements of cytokines in saliva may be regarded as a noninvasive and quick method for monitoring periodontal disease activity.

Effects of Four Different Crown Materials on the Peri-Implant Clinical Parameters and Composition of Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Juan Yu ◽  
Wen-Ling Shan ◽  
Yu-Xiao Liu ◽  
Xiao-Yan Huang ◽  
Guo-Xiong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Calcium Ion Concentration

This study aimed to identify the preferred crown material by measuring the peri-implant clinical parameters and the concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and calcium in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) with 4 different crown materials. A total of 196 patients with a single missing posterior tooth received crown restoration with cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM; n = 50), aurum platinum (Au-Pt) PFM (n = 48), titanium (Ti) PFM (n = 52), or zirconia (Zi) all-ceramic crown (n = 46). Fifty-one natural counterpart teeth served as controls. Before and 12 months after restoration, the PICF was collected, and the concentrations of RANKL, OPG, and calcium were quantified. The peri-implant clinical parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth [PD]) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumes were assessed. Twelve months after restoration, the PD and GCF volumes for the 4 experimental groups were significantly greater than those for the control group and before restoration. The Co-Cr group showed the greatest PD, GCF volume, RANKL/OPG, RANKL, and calcium ion concentration, followed by the Au-Pt group. The Ti group had the highest OPG concentration, followed by the Zi group. The RANKL and calcium ion concentrations of the Ti and Zi groups were the smallest. The Ti group had the smallest RANKL/OPG ratio, followed by the Zi group. Different crown materials differentially affected the PD, volume, RANKL/OPG ratio, OPG, RANKL, and calcium concentration. Among the 4 tested crown materials, Zi and Ti are preferred. However, some limitations of the present study should be considered.

scholarly journals Are Proteinase 3 and Cathepsin C Enzymes Related to Pathogenesis of Periodontitis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Türkoğlu ◽  
Elif Azarsız ◽  
Gülnur Emingil ◽  
Necil Kütükçüler ◽  
Gül Atilla
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proteinase 3 ◽  
Cathepsin C ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Aim. Cathepsin C is the activator of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived proteinase 3, which contributes to inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels in periodontal diseases.Design. Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 patients with gingivitis, and 18 healthy subjects were included in the study. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding index, and plaque index were assessed in all study subjects. GCF proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels were analyzed by ELISA.Results. GCF proteinase 3 total amount was significantly higher in diseased groups compared to control group, after adjusting ageP<0.05. No differences were found in GCF cathepsin C levels among the study groupsP>0.05. Periodontal parameters of sampling sites were positively correlated with GCF proteinase 3 total amountsP<0.01but not with cathepsin C total amountsP>0.05.Conclusions. Elevated levels of GCF proteinase 3 in CP, G-AgP, and gingivitis might suggest that proteinase 3 plays a role during inflammatory periodontal events in host response. However, cathepsin C in GCF does not seem to have an effect on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Efficacy of subgingivally delivered atorvastatin and simvastatin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai M. Surve ◽  
Anirudh B. Acharya ◽  
Srinath L. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

AbstractThe current understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease has resulted in adjunctive use of various pharmacologic agents in periodontal therapy. The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin and simvastatin (because of their pleiotropic properties) as an adjunct to dental scaling and root planing (SRP) by local delivery, i.e. placing them subgingivally, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Local delivery systems for atorvastatin and simvastatin were prepared in sodium alginate suspension to be administered with calcium chloride solution. Patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were grouped as group 1, receiving SRP only (control), group 2, receiving SRP with subgingival delivery of 1.2% simvastatin, and group 3, receiving SRP with subgingival delivery of 1.2% atorvastatin. Clinical parameters and interleukin (IL) 1α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed.All three groups showed significant reductions in clinical parameters and IL-1α levels in the GCF (p<0.05). However, the test groups did not show any statistically significant difference when compared with control.Subgingivally delivered atorvastatin and simvastatin as an adjunct to SRP is efficacious but did not demonstrate any added benefit as compared with SRP alone.

scholarly journals Effect of Alox-15 Polymorphism on GCF Levels of Lipoxin-A4 in Chronic Periodontitis: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouzia Tarannum ◽  
Mohamed Faizuddin
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Lipoxin A4 ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Lipoxins play an important role in periodontal resolution, hence, investigation of genetic polymorphism of lipoxin gene may provide important information on the role of lipoxins in periodontal disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate a polymorphism of C-to-T substitution at position c.-292 in ALOX15 (reticulocyte-type 15 lipoxygenase 1) gene in patients with chronic periodontitis and to associate the polymorphism with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) lipoxin A4 (LXA4) levels. Forty-five chronic periodontitis and 45 periodontally healthy patients were included in this case-control study. Plaque index, calculus index, sulcus bleeding index, full mouth probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. GCF and blood samples were collected. GCF was analyzed for LXA4 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Genotyping of ALOX15 polymorphism was studied using PCR. Mean LXA4 was lower in periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group. There was a negative correlation between CAL and LXA4. The CC genotype was higher in the study group than in the control group. In the study group, mean CAL was significantly lower among individuals with the CT genotype. Mean LXA4 was significantly lower in CC genotype (45.0±7.11 ng/mL) compared to CT genotype (50.81±5.81 ng/mL) among the patients with periodontitis. The results suggest that LXA4 and c.-292T allele are associated with periodontal health. Polymorphisms in the ALOX15 gene may influence periodontal disease pathogenesis. Hence, investigation of such polymorphisms could benefit the evaluation of lipoxins role in periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers on Clinical Parameters and Gingival Crevicular Fluid IL-1β and IL-37 Levels in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cemil Talmac ◽  
Metin Calisir ◽  
Emre Gurkan Eroglu ◽  
Abdullah Seckin Ertugrul
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diode Lasers ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Aim. The objective of the current study is to analyze the correlation between cytokine levels and periodontal parameters in aggressive periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment that was performed by using two different laser therapies. Materials and Methods. Twenty-six generalized aggressive periodontitis patients were treated with three different methods (SRP, SRP+diode laser, and SRP+Er,Cr:YSGG laser) applied to three different half-jaws in the same patients. Pre- and posttreatment clinical periodontal parameters and GCF IL-1β and IL-37 levels were measured. Results. There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) between pretreatment and posttreatment clinical periodontal parameters and IL-1β and IL-37 levels. When the reduction rates of IL-37 and IL-1β levels after treatment were evaluated, the decrease in IL-37 and IL-1β levels after treatment was lowest in the SRP group and highest in the SRP+Er,Cr:YSGG group. In addition, the amount of decrease in IL-1β in SRP+diode and SRP+Er,Cr:YSGG groups was found to be higher than that in IL-37. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between IL-37 and IL-1β in all groups (p<0.01). Conclusion. Er,Cr:YSGG laser is more effective than diode laser for the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. IL-37 and IL-1β are cytokines that function together and thus must be evaluated together.

scholarly journals LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid of smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Barreto LOPES ◽  
Natália Helena COLOMBO ◽  
Naida Zanini ASSEM ◽  
Marta Aparecida Alberton NUERNBERG ◽  
Valdir Gouveia GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Attachment Level

Abstract Introduction The association between smoking and periodontal diseases has been described in clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in crevicular fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis in smokers (S) and nonsmokers (NS). Material and method A total of 35 patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV, 15 NS (11 female, 4 male) and 20 S (7 female and 13 male), were included in the study. The evaluated clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of these patients. The results were analyzed statistically with the level of significance set at 5%. Result In relation to periodontal clinical parameters, no statistically significant difference was observed for BOP and PD between groups S and NS. There was a higher CAL in the S group than in the NS group (p = 0.0095). There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 when comparing groups S and NS (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that smokers have a higher clinical attachment loss than nonsmokers, but that smoking did not influence the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis.

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