scholarly journals Identification of biofilm producing bacterial species causing dental caries and their sensitivity to zoocin A and clove hydroalcoholic extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e27-e27
Author(s):  
Haniyeh Khalili ◽  
Rouhollah Sisakhtpour ◽  
Sedigheh Abdollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Zoocin A

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Substantivity Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Oral Microbiomes Clinically Isolated from Young and Young-Adult Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal ◽  
Carolina Holguín-Meráz ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras ◽  
Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilms

The dental plaque is an oral microbiome hardly associated to be the etiological agent of dental caries and periodontal disease which are still considered serious health public problems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated to have good antimicrobial properties affecting a wide variety of microorganisms, including oral bacteria; however, there is no scientific information that has evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs against clinical oral biofilms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and substantivity effects of AgNPs in oral biofilms isolated clinically from patients with dental caries and periodontal disease. Sixty-seven young and young-adult subjects with dental caries and periodontal disease were clinically sampled through the collection of subgingival dental plaque. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs was performed with standard microbiological assays by triplicate using two sizes of particle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the presence of specific bacterial species. All AgNPs showed an inhibitory effect for all oral biofilms for any age and, generally, any gender (p>0.05); however, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial and substantivity effects was related to particle size, time, and gender (p<0.05). The identified microorganisms were S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. oralis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia. The AgNPs could be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Citral and its Derivative against Microflora from Dental Plaque

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
S.V. Ambade ◽  
N.M. Deshpande ◽  
S.S. Kale ◽  
V.N. Ambade
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
First Time

Dental biofilms inhabit the oral cavity in form of dental plaque which then causes dental caries and periodontal diseases worldwide. Lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against. This study represents the potential of citral and derivatives as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent against dental microflora. Three bacterial species chiefly responsible for biofilm formation, and five prime colonizer of dental plaque were selected to represent dental microflora. Citral and its derivative viz. citral semicarbazone, exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the selected organisms. For the first time, any citral derivative has ever demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the oral microflora. However, study could not established citral or its derivatives as more effective, powerful and better herbal material as compared to LGEO to control the oral microflora associated with dental plaque.

scholarly journals Gut Extracts of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Larvae Olivier Affecting Bacterial Dental Caries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Sewify ◽  
H.M. Hamada ◽  
Z.A. Mustafa ◽  
Hani A. Alhadrami
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

In vitro study was conducted to explore antibacterial properties of the larval gut extracts of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil) Oliver. Larval gut extracts were tested against salivary bacteria causing dental carries using the agar well diffusion method. The gut extracts significantly affected the growth of both Klebsiella spp. and Streptococcus viridans. The two bacterial species revealed significant differences in their sensitivity to the extract. The extract efficacy depended upon the concentration and time of exposure. When using 100%concentration of the extract, the mean of inhibition zones for S. viridans and Klebsiella spp. at 24 h after treatment were 1.61 mm and 2.50 mm, respectively. At 48 h post-treatment, the mean of inhibition zones for S. viridans and Klebsiella spp. were 1.96 mm and 2.66 mm. After 72 hours, the means zones were 2.28 mm and 2.91 mm, respectively. Electron microscopic examinations showed morphological changes of the outer membrane of bacteria with a noticeable damage as a result of exposure to the gut extract. The results suggest potential use of these extracts against dental caries bacteria.

scholarly journals Rapid Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Selected Cariogenic and Periodontal Bacteria

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lochman ◽  
Martina Zapletalova ◽  
Hana Poskerova ◽  
Lydie Izakovicova Holla ◽  
Petra Borilova Linhartova
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Method

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are associated with a shift from symbiotic microbiota to dysbiosis. The aim of our study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and economical method for the identification and quantification of selected cariogenic and periodontal oral bacteria. Original protocols were designed for three real-time multiplex PCR assays to detect and quantify the ratio of 10 bacterial species associated with dental caries (“cariogenic” complex) or periodontal diseases (red complex, orange complex, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). A total number of 60 samples from 30 children aged 2–6 years with severe early childhood caries and gingivitis were tested. In multiplex assays, the quantification of total bacterial (TB) content for cariogenic bacteria and red complex to eliminate differences in quantities caused by specimen collection was included. The mean counts for the TB load and that of ten evaluated specimens corresponded to previously published results. We found a significant difference between the microbial compositions obtained from the area of control and the affected teeth (p < 0.05). Based on this comprehensive microbiological examination, the risk of dental caries or periodontal inflammation may be determined. The test could also be used as a tool for behavioral intervention and thus prevention of the above-mentioned diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of LongZhang Gargle on Biofilm Formation and Acidogenicity ofStreptococcus mutans In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Yang ◽  
Shiyu Liu ◽  
Yuanli He ◽  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Mingyun Li
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Planktonic Growth

Streptococcus mutans, with the ability of high-rate acid production and strong biofilm formation, is considered the predominant bacterial species in the pathogenesis of human dental caries. Natural products which may be bioactive againstS. mutanshave become a hot spot to researches to control dental caries. LongZhang Gargle, completely made from Chinese herbs, was investigated for its effects on acid production and biofilm formation byS. mutansin this study. The results showed an antimicrobial activity of LongZhang Gargle againstS. mutansplanktonic growth at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16% and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 32%. Acid production was significantly inhibited at sub-MIC concentrations. Biofilm formation was also significantly disrupted, and 8% was the minimum concentration that resulted in at least 50% inhibition of biofilm formation (MBIC50). A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an effective disruption of LongZhang Gargle onS. mutansbiofilm integrity. In addition, a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) suggested that the extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis could be inhibited by LongZhang Gargle at a relatively low concentration. These findings suggest that LongZhang Gargle may be a promising natural anticariogenic agent in that it suppresses planktonic growth, acid production, and biofilm formation againstS. mutans.

scholarly journals NagR Differentially Regulates the Expression of theglmSandnagABGenes Required for Amino Sugar Metabolism by Streptococcus mutans

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (22) ◽  
pp. 3533-3544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zeng ◽  
Robert A. Burne
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effector Binding

ABSTRACTThe ability of bacteria to metabolize glucosamine (GlcN) andN-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is considered important for persistent colonization of the oral cavity. In the dental caries pathogenStreptococcus mutans, the NagR protein regulates the expression ofglmS, which encodes a GlcN-6-P synthetase, andnagA(GlcNAc-6-P deacetylase) andnagB(GlcN-6-P deaminase), which are required for the catabolism of GlcNAc and GlcN. Two NagR-binding sites (dre) were identified in each of the promoter regions fornagBandglmS. Using promoter-reporter gene fusions, the role of eachdresite was examined in the regulation ofglmSandnagBpromoter activities in cells grown with glucose, GlcNAc, or GlcN. A synergistic relationship between the twodresites in theglmSpromoter that required proper spacing was observed, but that was not the case fornagB. Binding of purified NagR to DNA fragments from both promoter regions, as well as todresites alone, was strongly influenced by particular sugar phosphates. Using a random mutagenesis approach that targeted the effector-binding domain of NagR, mutants that displayed aberrant regulation of both theglmSandnagABgenes were identified. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that NagR is essential for regulation of genes for both the synthesis and catabolism of GlcN and GlcNAc inS. mutans, and that NagR engages differently with the target promoter regions in response to specific metabolites interacting with the effector-binding domain of NagR.IMPORTANCEGlucosamine andN-acetylglucosamine are among the most abundant naturally occurring sugars on the planet, and they are catabolized by many bacterial species as sources of carbon and nitrogen. Representing a group called lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the human dental caries pathogenStreptococcus mutansis shown to differ from known paradigm organisms in that it possesses a GntR/HutC-type regulator, NagR, that is required for the regulation of both catabolism of GlcN and biosynthesis. Results reported here reveal a simple and elegant mechanism whereby NagR differentially regulates two opposing biological processes by surveying metabolic intermediates. This study provides insights that may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic tools to combat dental caries and other infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Title IgA Nephropathy and Oral Bacterial Species Related to Dental Caries and Periodontitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nagasawa ◽  
Taro Misaki ◽  
Seigo Ito ◽  
Shuhei Naka ◽  
Kaoruko Wato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship

A relationship between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and bacterial infection has been suspected. As IgAN is a chronic disease, bacteria that could cause chronic infection in oral areas might be pathogenetic bacteria candidates. Oral bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis should be candidates because these bacteria are well known to be pathogenic in chronic dental disease. Recently, several reports have indicated that collagen-binding protein (cnm)-(+) Streptococcs mutans is relate to the incidence of IgAN and the progression of IgAN. Among periodontal bacteria, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacte rectus were found to be related to the incidence of IgAN. These bacteria can cause IgAN-like histological findings in animal models. While the connection between oral bacterial infection, such as infection with S. mutans and periodontal bacteria, and the incidence of IgAN remains unclear, these bacterial infections might cause aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, which has been reported to cause IgA deposition in mesangial areas in glomeruli, probably through the alteration of microRNAs related to the expression of glycosylation enzymes. The roles of other factors related to the incidence and progression of IgA, such as genes and cigarette smoking, can also be explained from the perspective of the relationship between these factors and oral bacteria. This review summarizes the relationship between IgAN and oral bacteria, such as cnm-(+) S. mutans and periodontal bacteria.

scholarly journals QPCR Screening of Pediatric Saliva Samples to Evaluate Effects of Dental Sealants on Cariogenic Bacteria Streptococcus Mutans and Scardovia Wiggsiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Olivia Tsang ◽  
Kevin Major ◽  
Sonia Santoyo ◽  
Karl Kingsley ◽  
Linh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Dental Sealants ◽  
Exact Effect ◽  
The Impact

Dental caries is an alarmingly prevalent multifactorial disease worldwide but is most common as a chronic disease among children and adolescents. Within the oral cavity there are hundreds bacterial species, including specific cariogenic pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Scardoviawiggsiae. Although dental caries are highly prevalent, it may also be preventable using methods such as dental sealants or fluoride treatment, which have proven to be highly effective in reducing caries risk – although there is limited evidence on the exact effect of these treatments on S. wiggsiaeinparticular. Due to the lack of conclusive evidence, this study is aimed to evaluate the microbial burden of S. mutans and S. wiggsiae among pediatric saliva samples to analyze the effects dental sealants have on these oral microbiota. Saliva samples derived from pediatric patients pre- and post-sealant were obtained from an existing repository. DNA was extracted and screened using qPCR and primers specific for the cariogenic organisms, S. mutans (SM) and S. wiggsiae (SW). These data demonstrated an overall reduction in SW among Post-sealant samples (11.14 U/uL) compared with Pre-sealant samples (11.68 U/uL), as well as a reduction in the overall number of samples harboring S. wiggsiae (n=8). The Pre-sealant average amount of SM (14.54 U/uL) was slightly increased among the Post-sealant samples (15.67 U/uL) with half of the samples analyzed (n=13) exhibiting slight increases in SM levels, and nearly one-third (n=8) exhibiting slight decreases in SM levels. The data from this study may suggest that dental sealants have an impact on certain cariogenic pathogens in the oral microbiota. Whether or not the impact is positive or not in light of the increase in S. mutans remains an observation that should be further analyzed. More research is required to address the limitations found in this study in order to localize the exact effect on the teeth with dental sealants.

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