scholarly journals Suicide ideation, planning, and attempts: the case of the Latinx LGB youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier F. Boyas ◽  
Tatiana Villarreal-Otálora ◽  
Luis R. Alvarez-Hernandez ◽  
Mariam Fatehi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Background: Guided by an ecological systems theory (EST) framework, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how multiple micro, mezzo, and macro factors influence the suicidality continuum from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt among Latinx LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) youth living in the United States. Methods: Data for this cross sectional-study included 451 participants who self-identified as Latinx LGB on the 2017-National Youth Risk Behavioral Survey. The analysis explored micro, mezzo, and macro-level factors’ association with three suicidality outcomes (ideation, planning, and attempt) at the bivariate and multivariate level. Since the outcome variables were dichotomized, univariate logistic regressions and backward elimination logistic regressions were used. Results: The most commonly reported suicidal behavior was ideation (n = 173; 40%), followed by planning (n = 150; 34%), and then attempt (n = 64; 21%). Findings from the backward elimination logistic regression on suicidal ideation suggest the best set of independent variables are being bullied at school (odds ratio [OR] = 2.81; CI: 1.61–4.89), experiencing sexual assault (OR = 2.32; CI: 1.32–4.07), experiencing depressive symptoms (OR = 1.99; CI: 1.07– 3.69), being cannabis use (OR = 1.76; CI: 1.08–2.89), and being female (OR = 1.72; CI: 1.01–2.93). For suicide planning the model suggested, experiencing depressive symptoms (OR = 3.21; CI: 1.74–5.91), cannabis use (OR = 2.46; CI: 1.49–4.07), being bullied at school (OR = 2.04; CI: 1.17–3.58), and experiencing sexual assault (OR = 1.88; CI: 1.07–3.31) exhibited the strongest relationships. Suicide attempt was significantly associated with cannabis use (OR = 3.12; CI: 1.60–6.08), experiencing depression (OR= 2.89; CI: 1.30–6.43), experiencing sexual assault (OR = 2.77; CI: 1.34–5.71), and being bullied at school (OR = 2.34; CI: 1.12–4.91). Conclusion: Given the findings of this study, it is essential that tailored suicide prevention efforts be established that uniquely address the intersections of race/ethnicity and sexual orientation and how this intersection influences micro, mezzo, and macro factors associated with suicide ideation, planning, and attempt among Latinx LGB adolescents.

scholarly journals Sexual assault, sense of belonging, depression and suicidality among LGBQ college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Backhaus ◽  
S K. Lipson ◽  
L B. Fisher ◽  
I Kawachi ◽  
P Pedrelli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States

Abstract Background There has been growing concern about the poor mental health of college student of gay, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning/queer (LGBQ) sexual orientation. Factors believed to negatively influence LGBQ student's health include discrimination and victimization such as sexual assault, whereas factors believed to positively influence mental health include cohesiveness and a sense of belonging. Little is known about how these might interact with each other. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of sexual orientation, history of sexual assault and sense of belonging on depression and suicidality among LGBQ and heterosexual students. Methods This is a secondary data analysis using a subset of available data from the 2017-2018 Healthy Minds Study dataset. The dataset was encompassed of self-report data from about 60,200 college students across 60 campuses in the United States. Descriptive statistics and three-way interaction analysis using PROCESS macro models in SPSS were performed. Results Students identifying as LGBQ reported more frequently to have experienced sexual assault, to suffer from depressive symptoms and to have suicidal thoughts than heterosexual students. Significant three-way interaction effects were found for sexual orientation, sexual assault and sense of belonging predicting depressive symptoms (b= -.06, p= .042, CI: -.12; -.00), and suicidality (b= -.10, p= .004, CI: -.01; -.003). The effect of sexual assault on mental health differed depending on sexual orientation and sense of belonging. Particularly among LGBQ students, high sense of belonging was protective in the presence of sexual assault, and its absence had a deleterious effect on mental health. Conclusions There is a need to reduce mental health problems and sexual assault on college campuses and to foster a sense of belonging. Enhancing sense of belonging may represent a strategy to mitigate depression and suicidality, particularly among LGBQ students. Key messages Mental health problems such as depression and suicidal ideation among sexual minority students remain highly prevalent in the United States. Increasing sense of belonging may moderate symptoms such as depressiveness and suicidal ideation.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

scholarly journals Frontolimbic brain volume abnormalities in bipolar disorder with suicide attempts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbemba Jabbi ◽  
Wade Weber ◽  
Jeffrey Welge ◽  
Fabiano Nery ◽  
Maxwell Tallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

ABSTRACTOver 2.3 million people in the United States live with bipolar disorder. Sixty percent of those with a bipolar disorder diagnosis attempt suicide at least once in their lifetime, and up to 19% die by suicide. However, the neurobiology of suicide attempts in bipolar disorder remains unclear. Here, we studied the neuroanatomical basis for suicide attempt history in bipolar disorder by measuring gray matter volumes (GMV) to identify differences in brain-volumes in 121 participants with bipolar disorder type I, and healthy participants (n=40). The bipolar group consisted of individuals with suicide attempt history (n=23) and no suicide attempt history (n=58). All participants completed behavioral/diagnostic assessments and MRI measures of GMV. We focused on a predefined frontolimbic circuitry in bipolar disorder versus (vs.) healthy to first identify diagnostic GMV markers and to specifically identify markers for suicide attempt history. We found reduced GMV markers for bipolar diagnosis (i.e., bipolar<healthy) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC). Our observed frontolimbic GMV abnormalities were associated with suicide attempt history and measures of individual variations in current suicidal ideation at the time of scanning. These results identified a frontolimbic-GMV marker for bipolar diagnosis and suicidal behavioral risk tendencies.HighlightsSuicide is a major health problem especially in bipolar disorder but the neurobiological basis for suicide attempts remains obscure. We identified an anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical volume correlate for suicide attempt history and suicidal ideation and thereby demonstrates a convergent brain marker for suicidal behaviors.

Correlates and predictors of self-harm in a prospective sample of sexually assaulted adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-859
Author(s):  
Fatima Valencia-Agudo ◽  
Tami Kramer ◽  
Venetia Clarke ◽  
Andrea Goddard ◽  
Sophie Khadr
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Sexual assault of adolescents is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including self-harm. Little is known about correlates and predictors of self-harm after sexual assault. We hypothesized that pre-assault vulnerabilities and post-assault psychological distress would be associated with self-harm after experiencing a recent sexual assault. Methods: The sample was recruited from adolescents aged 13 to 17 years accessing sexual assault centers and it included 98 females. Longitudinal data were collected at T0 (3.9 weeks on average post-assault) and T1 (21.8 weeks on average post-assault). Bivariate analysis and hierarchical binary logistic regressions were performed. Results: The rate of self-harm was 38.1% before the assault and 37.8% after the assault ( T1). History of family dysfunction ( OR 3.60 (1.30, 10.01)), depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 5.83 (2.35, 14.43)) or T1 ( OR 2.79 (1.20, 6.50), and posttraumatic stress symptoms at T1 ( OR 3.21 (1.36, 7.58)) predicted self-harm at T1. These effects were attenuated when adjusting for confounders, except for depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 4.21 (1.57, 11.28)). Discussion: Clinical implications for the prevention of onset or continuation of self-harm following adolescent sexual assault are discussed. Future studies should replicate these findings in a larger sample and consider different trajectories of self-harm.

Perception of Health, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempt Among Adults in the Community

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee D. Goodwin ◽  
Andrej Marusic
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Perception Of Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders

Background: There is a well-known association between perception of poor physical health and higher rates of physical and psychological morbidity. However, little is known about the possible link between perception of health and suicidality. Aims: The study examines the relationship between perception of poor health and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the community. Methods: Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 5,877), a representative sample of individuals 15–54 years of age in the United States. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between perception of poor health and the likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid mental disorders, and physical illnesses were adjusted for in the final model. Results: Perception of poor health was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.14 (1.36, 3.35) and suicide attempt (OR = 2.03 (1.06, 3.91)), which persisted after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, mental disorders, and self-reported physical illnesses. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial evidence that perception of poor health is associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the community.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation and Associated Factors among Adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos Silva ◽  
Fabio Alexandre Lima dos Santos ◽  
Nara Michelle Moura Soares ◽  
Emerson Pardono
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Suicide Planning

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among Brazilian adolescents. The instrument designed for the research was used considering three models with outcomes that identified the following: (a) adolescent had considered suicide, (b) adolescents have planned suicide, and (c) adolescents have attempted suicide. Logistic Regression was used in all models with significance level of 5%. An association between being female and suicidal ideation(OR=2.18, CI 95% 1.60 to 2.97), suicide planning(OR=1.80, CI 95% = 1.26–2.56), and suicide attempt(OR=2.91, CI 95% 1.79 to 4.75) was found. Violent behavior/involvement in fights was associated with thinking about suicide(OR=2.00, CI 95% = 1.43 to 2.81), suicide planning(OR=1.65, CI 95% = 1.10–2.46), and suicide attempt(OR=2.35, CI 95% = 1.49 to 3.70). For cigarette consumption, association was found with suicide ideation(OR=1.62, CI 95% 1.03 to 2.55), planning(OR=1.88, CI 95% = 1.15 to 3.08), and attempt(OR=2.35, CI 95% 1.37 to 4.03). For alcohol consumption, association was found with suicide ideation(OR=1.93, CI 95% 1.47 to 2.54), planning(OR=2.22, CI 95% 1.61 to 3.08), and attempt(OR=1.73, CI 95% 1.15 to 2.59). It was concluded that suicidal ideation was associated with female sex, involvement in fights, and illicit drug use.

scholarly journals Effects of Childhood Trauma, Daily Stress and Emotions on Daily Cortisol Levels in Individuals Vulnerable to Suicide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Brian O'Connor ◽  
Dawn Branley-Bell ◽  
Jessica Green ◽  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Ronan O' Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Objectives: Suicide is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, has been identified as one potential risk factor. Evidence has indicated that childhood trauma is associated with dysregulated cortisol reactivity to stress in adulthood. The current study investigated for the first time whether childhood trauma and daily stressors and emotions were associated with diurnal cortisol levels over a 7-day study in individuals vulnerable to suicide. Methods: 142 participants were categorized according to their suicidal history into three groups: suicide attempt, suicidal ideation or control group. Participants completed questionnaires before commencing a 7-day study. Cortisol samples were provided immediately upon waking, at 15 mins, 30 mins, 45 mins, 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours on 7 consecutive days. Measures of daily stressors, mood, defeat and entrapment were completed at the end of each day. Results: Participants in the suicide attempt and ideation groups released significantly lower cortisol upon awakening (CAR) and had a tendency towards flatter wake-peak to 12 hour (WP-12) cortisol slopes compared to controls. Childhood trauma was found to be associated with significantly lower CAR and a tendency towards flatter WP-12 cortisol slope. Childhood trauma also had an indirect effect on suicide vulnerability group membership via lower daily CAR levels. Lower CAR was associated with increased suicide ideation at 1-month but not 6-months. Daily stress and emotion measures were not associated with cortisol levels. Conclusions: This is the first 7-day daily diary investigation of naturally fluctuating cortisol levels in individuals vulnerable to suicide. The results indicate that dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Childhood trauma appears to be an important distal factor associated with HPA-axis dysregulation.

scholarly journals Battling with Depressive Feelings and Suicidal Ideation: Role of Friendships and Effective Coping in Young Individuals From Hunza Valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-300
Author(s):  
Naveeda . ◽  
Raiha Aftab ◽  
Halis Sakis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Friendship Satisfaction ◽  
Study Participants

The present study aimed at examining the association between psychological distress, coping strategies, friendship (satisfaction and affection), and suicidal ideation among young individuals of Hunza Valley, Pakistan. The sample of the present study consisted of 117 boys and 278 girls (N = 395). The purposive sampling technique was used to select study participants from different schools and colleges of Hunza valley, Pakistan. The measures of the study included Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Brief Cope (Carver, 1997), McGill Friendship Questionnaire-Respondent's Affection (Mendelson & Aboud, 2012), and Suicide Ideation Scale (Rudd, 1989). Analysis was carried out using, t-test analysis, regression analysis, and correlation techniques. The findings of the study indicated significant positive relationships between psychological distress (indicated by the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation), avoidant coping, humor, and suicide ideation. The findings further indicated that female adolescents scored higher on psychological distress and friendship satisfaction whereas males scored higher on friendship affection. Multiple regression analysis showed predictive nature of age, avoidance coping, friendship satisfaction, and suicidal ideation in depressive symptoms among adolescents.

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