Der schlechtere Weg ist das Ziel: Zum Leitbild des Philosophen in den Biographien des Eunapios

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Becker
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Biography ◽  
The One

AbstractMany studies that deal with the Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists of Eunapius conclude that the Platonist philosophers portrayed in this collective biography avoided the general public and civic life of the cities. As a result, Eunapius is said to favour the philosophical retreat (anachoresis) from society and political activity. A close reading, however, shows that Eunapius quite subtly even criticizes this avoidance of the limelight. While acknowledging the central importance of contemplation, he argues that it is a crucial aspect of the pagan identity that philosophers use their teaching positions to reach out for potential future intellectuals and uneducated laymen alike. This almost missionary role of the philosopher in society is motivated by the growing importance of imperial Christianity on the one hand, and by an ethics of philanthropy on the other. It is the intention of Eunapius to substitute a tendency to escape from the world for a type of social behaviour that is reminiscent of Socrates.

Language Pangs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilit Ferber
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Philosophical Text ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
Pain Expression ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Language and pain are usually thought of as opposites, the one being about expression and communication, the other destructive, “beyond words,” and isolating. Language Pangs challenges these familiar conceptions and offers a reconsideration of the relationship between pain and language in terms of an essential interconnectedness rather than an exclusive opposition. The book’s premise is that the experience of pain cannot be probed without consideration of its inherent relation to language, and vice versa: understanding the nature of language essentially depends on an account of its relationship with pain. Language Pangs brings together discussions of philosophical as well as literary texts, an intersection especially productive in considering the phenomenology of pain and its bearing on language. The book’s first chapter presents a phenomenology of pain and its relation to language. Chapters 2 and 3 provide a close reading of Herder’s Treatise on the Origin of Language (1772), which was the first modern philosophical text to bring together language and pain, establishing the cry of pain as the origin of language. Herder also raises important claims regarding the relationship between human and animal, sympathy, and the role of hearing in the experience of pain. Chapter 4 is devoted to Heidegger’s seminar (1939) on Herder’s text about language, a relatively unknown seminar that raises important claims regarding pain, expression, and hearing. Chapter 5 focuses on Sophocles’ story of Philoctetes, important to Herder’s treatise, in terms of pain, expression, sympathy, and hearing, also referring to more thinkers such as Cavell and Gide.

scholarly journals Sarvāstivāda Buddhist Theories of Temporality and the Pātañjala Yoga Theory of Transformation (pariṇāma)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-1003
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Maas
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ontological Entity ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article discusses a peculiar Sā$$\dot {\text{n}}$$ n ˙ khya-Yoga theory of transformation (pariṇāma) that the author of the Pātañjalayogaśāstra created by drawing upon Sarvāstivāda Buddhist theories of temporality. In developing his theory, Patañjali adaptively reused the wording in which the Sarvāstivāda theories were formulated, the specific objections against these theories, and their refutations to win the philosophical debate about temporality against Sarvāstivāda Buddhism. Patañjali’s approach towards the Sarvāstivāda Buddhist theories was possible, even though his system of Yoga is based on an ontology that differs considerably from that of Sarvāstivāda Buddhism because both systems share the philosophical view that time is not a separate ontological entity in itself. Time is a concept deduced from change in the empirical world. This agreement results from the common philosophical orientation of Sarvāstivāda Buddhism and Yoga, which takes the phenomenon of experience as the basis of philosophical enquiry into the structure of the world. The intention that guided Patañjali’s adaptive reuse was twofold. On the one hand, he aimed at winning the debate with Sarvāstivāda Buddhism about how the problem of temporality can be solved. He thus integrated four mutually exclusive theories on temporality into a single theory of transformation of properties (dharma) involving a second-level and a third-level theory on the transformation of the temporal characteristic mark (lakṣaṇa) and on the transformation of states (avasthā), respectively. On the other hand, Patañjali intended to achieve philosophical clarification regarding the question of how exactly properties relate to their underlying substrate in the process of transformation of the three constituents or forces (guṇa) sattva, rajas and tamas of matter (pradhāna) that account for all phenomena of the world except pure consciousness (puruṣa). Patañjali’s theory of transformation is thus of central importance for his Sā$$\dot {\text{n}}$$ n ˙ khya ontology, according to which the world consists of 25 categories or constituents (tattva), i.e., of primal matter (prakṛti) and its transformations and pure consciousness.

The Rise of

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Gannagé
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Negative Theology ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
First Philosophy

On First Philosophy is the most emblematic work of Abū Yūsuf Ya‛qūb b. Isḥāq al-Kindī’s (ca. 801–ca. 870) surviving treatises. Aiming primarily to prove the oneness of God, the surviving part of the treatise consists of four chapters that form a consistent unit. The chapter provides a close reading of and commentary on the four chapters and shows how the texts unfold by following a very tight argument leading to the thesis toward which the whole treatise seems to aim: the true One, who is the principle of unity and hence the principle of existence of all beings, on the one hand, and the absolutely transcendent God, which can be approached only through a negative theology, on the other, are one and the same principle. In the meantime, al-Kindī would have demonstrated the noneternity of the world and shown the impossibility of finding sheer unity in the sensible world.

Religion, Conflict, and Reconciliation: Ecumenical Initiatives Amidst Human Brokenness and Community Division

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Jerald D. Gort
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
The World ◽  
World Council ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
The One ◽  
Role Of Religion

AbstractAfter reflecting on the ambiguous role of religion in terms of violence, Jerald D. Gort in this article outlines, first, the conditions for true reconciliation among peoples (acknowledgement of Christian complicity; no cheap reconciliation; no utopian enthusiasm; no fatalistic view of human capacity); then, second, he outlines the initiatives ofthe World Council of Churches (WCC) toward justice and reconciliation in the world. Such initiatives involve the struggle against injustice on the one hand and a practice of the "wider ecumenism" (dialogue of histories, theologies, spiritualities, and life) on the other.

Mit der Großstadt aus der Armut: Eine neue Theorie der Industrialisierung

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is no doubt that industrialization was the main cause of modern economic welfare. The reasons for more or less industrialization in various regions of the world have been discussed widely for decades. However, a closer examination reveals that none of the controversial arguments and explanations put forward stand the test of empirical scrutiny. What has previously been ignored is the central role of large cities in provoking industrialization. Given all the other preconditions necessary for industrialization, it was finally the mass markets of large cities that made industrial mass production profitable for potential entrepreneurs. Thus, wherever large cities and urban agglomerations emerged in the world, industrialization followed suit. In a global and comparative perspective, industrialization was not so much a matter of countries but rather a matter of regions dividing the world into highly urbanized, industrialized and more prosperous regions on the one side, and still primarily rural, preindustrial and poorer regions on the other..

Interpreting in Tanzania from the perspective of Tanzanian interpreters

Babel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Getta
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The One

Abstract The study overviews the role of interpreting services in Tanzania, presenting mainly the experience of practicing freelance interpreters. The two official languages of Tanzania – English and Swahili – have separate roles in the country. Although most Tanzanians accept English as a necessary medium of intercultural communication, Swahili is perceived as an important part of Tanzanian national identity. It is the country’s lingua franca. On the one hand, Tanzania aims to preserve communication in Swahili; on the other hand, there is an inevitable need for intercultural communication with the rest of the world that grows especially in the context of globalization. The paper focuses on the role, status, education, working languages, conditions of Tanzanian interpreters, and the requirements of local and international clients. The study also creates a broader context that mentions crucial historical moments that have influenced the country’s current character of intercultural communication.

The Collective Conscience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M. Emerich
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Community Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Imperialism ◽  
Global Agenda

This chapter deals with LOHAS in the context of “community-building” and the formation of a collective conscience. LOHAS is ultimately a narrative about how to change the world using consumer culture. The lens of globalization is used to examine how LOHAS attempts, on the one hand, to overcome a legacy of anthropocentrism, Eurocentrism, cultural and economic imperialism, and Westernization in capitalism, while, on the other hand, self-consciously reinforcing the capitalist imperative to sell more and different things to more people. As a market-based movement and as a claim to a reformatory effort, LOHAS is only as successful as the quantity of consumers and producers that support its premises. With its sweeping global agenda, LOHAS texts try to position the concept as a nonpartisan movement, one based on commonalities rather than differences. This chapter is a study of the rise of community and collectivity in LOHAS culture, which is chiefly occurring through mediated means, particularly through social media. It historicizes LOHAS within social movements, examining the importance of media and the central role of communication in democratic efforts. This sets the stage for a closer look at the ways in which media and market enable and disable participation in the communication process. An important part of this is the working of ideology in the construction of truth claims.

Ideas of Poetics and the Close Reading of Poetry

CounterText ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
Jonathan Locke Hart
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Aristotelian Tradition

Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller provide different but productive ways to think about poetics and to read poetry closely and with attention. As a poet, reader and critic of poetry, I welcome their thoughts on the theory and practice of poetry. Whereas Miller sees the reading of poems as subjective and selective, Ghosh views it as universal and shared. Both readers help us in the drama of meaning, the tension between them. As convivial and suggestive as that difference between Miller and Ghosh may be, it allows us to experience the different sides of poetry and the philosophy of poetry, if we think about, say the Socratic, Platonic, and Aristotelian tradition of thinking about poetry and even Philip Sidney's response on the one hand and the rhetorical tradition of reading poetry on the other. Ghosh, although having mastered Western literature and poetry, as Miller has, also provides us with Eastern views, and this is also of great benefit to the reader of Thinking Literature Across Continents ( 2016 ). One of the great centres of literature is language and poetry is compressed and memorable language that forms the heart of literature: it is a key to thinking about Ghosh and Miller thinking literature across the various parts of the world.

scholarly journals The role of a common european framework in the elaboration of national language curricula and syllabuses

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. M. Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
The One

Following the Systemic Functional Linguistics based theory and methodology of Positive Discourse Analysis, this paper discusses some of the political, cultural and educational propositions motivating the Council of Europe’s document Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. A close reading of the text clearly shows that while attempting to promote a plurilingual approach to the learning of languages in Europe, the document also calls for a change in teaching practices aiming at a transformation in the dynamics of language relations in Europe. Some of the issues focused upon in the paper derive directly from the document’s stated objectives, namely questions of levelling, standardization, democracy and hegemony, on the one hand, and questions of plurality, independence, empowerment and difference, on the other.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Globalization on Human Resource Development Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Ali Gunawan ◽  
Stephen Gregorius Kurnia ◽  
Hasan Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The terms “Globalization” and “The Digital Era” are familiar words that sound in our ears which mean progress or development.  The term globalization is a term that has links to increase interdependence among nations and people around the world through trade, investment, travel, popular culture and other forms of interaction so that the boundaries of a country become biased.  Globalization can bring about changes in all areas such as culture, economy, social, politics, ideology and so on.  On the one hand, globalization brings with its positive consequences and on the other hand also carries negative sides.  The Digital Era supports the process of Globalization to make it easier to accomplish, which makes it all easy to communicate with anyone and anytime, accessing data and information easily and quickly wherever we are especially supported by the tools of modern softwares and hardwares.  The Digital Era can also develop the capabilities of human resources must be able to adjust to use it.  For human resources who are unable to compete will be replaced with more capable ones.  However, currently Human Resources in Indonesia have not been fully encouraged to enter the Digital Era due to the constraints of several factors, such as the availability of infrastructure, the cost of digital is still inadequate when associated with the number of people with the level education and low technological understanding so they are accustomed to do jobs that do not require special skills.  Here ther role of all groups, communities and governments, to further improve the skills of human resources so as to be able to improve the economy and welfare.

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