scholarly journals Recruiting Frontstage Entextualization: drafting, artifactuality and written-ness as resources in police – witness interviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Rock
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Writing Processes ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Witness Memory ◽  
Witness Interviews ◽  
Institutional Actors

AbstractThis paper examines the complex literacy event through which police witness statements are produced in England and Wales. Witness statements are constructed through interviews which archetypally consist of a trajectory from the witness of the crime, through a police officer and onto a written page with the officer taking most control of the writing. This paper examines how this ostensibly inevitable trajectory materializes in practice. It identifies a distinctive way of traversing the trajectory through which the inner workings of the trajectory itself are put on display by the interviewing officer and through this display recursively influence the trajectory. This display of the trajectory draws on four discursive means: writing aloud, proposing wordings, reading back text just written and referring explicitly to the artifactuality of writing, which I label, collectively, “Frontstage Entextualization.” Through Frontstage Entextualization, the writing process comes to be used as a resource for both producing text and involving the witness in text production. The paper identifies three forms of activity which are accomplished through Frontstage Entextualization: First, frontstage drafting which allows words and phrases for possible inclusion to be weighed-up; secondly, frontstage scribing which foregrounds the technology of pen and paper which allows the witness to be appraised of writing processes; and finally, frontstaging the sequentiality of written-ness to textually resolve difficulties of witness memory. The paper concludes by suggesting that the analysis has shown how text trajectories can be made accessible to lay participants by institutional actors.

Police Family Dynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Megan O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Community Support ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Performance Teams ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Police Forces

Chapter 5 describes and analyses the day-to-day encounters between Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) and police officer colleagues. These encounters are important to consider in order to understand fully PCSOs’ occupational experiences. The pluralized public police in England and Wales are often described as a police ‘family’. However, just how functional and harmonious a family this is is shown to be variable between and within police forces. The chapter considers the reasons for this from within a dramaturgical framework, to appreciate fully the nature and organization of these face-to-face interactions. In particular, Goffman’s concepts of performances, teamwork, and regions will be used. The chapter argues that police officers and PCSOs operate as separate performance teams, rather than as one unified one, and that the relationships between these teams varies. In some areas, the teams worked in a complementary way, whereas in others, the relationship was competitive.

scholarly journals Understanding the Motivations, Morale, and Retention of Special Constables: Findings from a National Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Callender ◽  
Kathryn Cahalin ◽  
Sam J Cole ◽  
Luke Hubbard ◽  
Iain Britton
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Police Forces

Abstract Special Constables have an established history within British policing. The Special Constabulary has represented an under-researched aspect of policing, with motivations to join, morale, factors relating to length of service and reasons for leaving being poorly understood. This article draws upon data from a national survey of Special Constables undertaken across all police forces in England and Wales. The analysis illustrates differences in motivations, dependent on age, and length of service, with younger Special Constables viewing the role as a pathway to future paid employment as a Regular police officer. The results contradict perspectives that attribute attrition from the Special Constabulary primarily to changes in personal circumstances for Specials, demonstrating how such changes are less important than satisfaction with the experience of being a Special Constable. The article concludes by identifying the significance of the findings for future policy and practice in respect of the Special Constabulary.

Writing Process Differences in Subgroups Reflected in Keystroke Logs

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Guo ◽  
Mo Zhang ◽  
Paul Deane ◽  
Randy E. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
Writing Proficiency ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Semi Markov Processes

We used an unobtrusive approach, keystroke logging, to examine students’ cognitive states during essay writing. Based on data contained in the logs, we classified writing process data into three states: text production, long pause, and editing. We used semi-Markov processes to model the sequences of writing states and compared the state transition time and probability for demographic subgroups that were matched on writing proficiency. Results suggested that the subgroups employed different processes in essay writing.

scholarly journals Teaching The Writing Process As A First And Second Language Revisited: Are They The Same?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Felicia Lincoln ◽  
Anisa Ben Idris
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
First Language ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Ell Students ◽  
Writing Processes

Research on the second writing process is not recent. Both first and second writing processes have been in the area of argument among scholars. It is has been confirmed that both first and second writers nearly all practice similar physical activities pre-writing, during, and post writing stages; however, they still differ in the inner extra thinking activities that non-native writers practice to reduce the transfer of first language rules during the writing processes. Therefore, teachers should provide extensive feedback to ELL students to help them improve their writing skills.

scholarly journals Screen capture technology: A digital window into students' writing processes / Technologie de capture d’écran: une fenêtre numérique sur le processus d’écriture des étudiants

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremie Seror
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Writing Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Digital Writing ◽  
Writing Processes ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Screen Capture ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Langue Seconde

Technological innovations and the prevalence of the computer as a means of producing and engaging with texts have dramatically transformed the ways in which literacy is defined and developed in modern society. Concurrently, this rise in digital writing practices has led to a growing number of tools and methods that can be used to explore second language (L2) writers’ writing development. This paper provides an overview of one such technique: the contributions of screen capture technology as a means of analyzing writers' composition processes. This paper emphasizes the unique advantages of being able to unobtrusively gather, store and replay what have traditionally remained hidden sequences of events at the heart of L2 writers' text production. Drawing on research data from case studies of university L2 writers, findings underscore the contribution screen capture technology can make to writing theory's understanding of the complex series of behaviours and strategies at the heart of L2 writers' interactions. Les innovations technologiques et la prévalence de l'ordinateur comme moyen de produire et d’interagir avec les textes ont radicalement transformé la façon dont la littératie est définie et développée dans la société moderne. Cette augmentation des pratiques d'écriture numérique a généré un nombre croissant d'outils et de méthodes disponibles pour explorer le développement de l'écriture dans une langue seconde (L2). Cet article donne un aperçu de l’une de ces techniques: les contributions offertes par la technologie de capture d'écran en tant que moyen d’analyse des processus d’écriture. L’article met l'accent sur les avantages incomparables qu’offre la possibilité de recueillir discrètement, de conserver et de revoir ce qui normalement reste une suite d'événements cachés au cœur du processus d’écriture dans une langue seconde. S'appuyant sur des données de recherche issues d’études de cas d’étudiants en L2 de niveau universitaire, les résultats mettent en lumière la contribution de la technologie de capture d'écran à la compréhension théorique de séries complexes de comportements et de stratégies situées au cœur des interactions des étudiants de L2 en contexte d’écriture.

scholarly journals Análise das políticas de cotas em universidades estaduais do estado do Paraná/Brasil, segundo o Ciclo de Políticas

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Andreliza Cristina de Souza ◽  
José Carlos Rothen
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Institutional Actors

The study aims to analyze the quota policies for black students from public school of five state public universities of the state of Parana, in Brazil, concerning its similarities and differences, potentials and limits, strategies and procedures used for implantation and implementation of set-aside policies. Institutional documents as well as semi-structured interviews with institutional actors were used as data source. The Cycle of Policies was used for the analysis through which contexts of influence, text production and practices of quotas were exploited (Ball et al., 2016; Bowe et al., 1992). Finishing up the analysis, it was noticed that each university adopted different models of quotas according to its possibilities and limitations. The actors involved in the quotas also went through difficulties during the process, from the text production to its implementation. According to the reports, it was possible to verify that the text production generated limitations to the access of black male and female students from public school, which could have been greater since the first years of the adoption of quotas. The lack of evaluation and monitoring was also highlighted in the analysis, which is a weakness of quotas in higher education institutions.

scholarly journals Written text production and its relationship to writing processes and spelling ability in persons with post-stroke aphasia

Aphasiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Charlotte Johansson-Malmeling ◽  
Lena Hartelius ◽  
Åsa Wengelin ◽  
Ingrid Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Written Text ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Writing Processes ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Spelling Ability

scholarly journals Writing Process Photo Essay

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kory Ching
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
College Writing ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Writing Processes ◽  
Writing Course ◽  
Photo Essay ◽  
Student Inquiry ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Writing Activity

This article describes and reflects on experiences teaching students to compose a “Writing Process Photo Essay” in the context of an upper-division college writing course that satisfies a campus-wide writing requirement. As the culmination of a quarter-long student inquiry into their own writing processes, this multimodal assignment asks students to combine text and images to help them reflect on the environments, tools, habits and routines that surround their writing activity. This assignment takes its inspiration from calls for renewed scholarly attention to material and embodied aspects of writing process. In the end, this assignment creates opportunities for students to recognize, reflect, and reimagine their own writing activity in school contexts and beyond.

scholarly journals Police officer retention in England and Wales

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Disney ◽  
Polly Simpson ◽  
Rowena Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Officer Retention
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