scholarly journals External information processing versus property ascertaining: a discourse-pragmatic study of three yes/no question particles in Shishan (Hainan Island, China)

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehua Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
External Information ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Versus Property ◽  
Pragmatic Study

AbstractDrawing on naturally occurring conversation, the present study examines three utterance-final

Perspectives on the Field of Cognitive Informatics and its Future Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Bernard Carlos Widrow ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Kenji Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Future Development ◽  
External Information ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information

The contemporary wonder of sciences and engineering has recently refocused on the beginning point of: how the brain processes internal and external information autonomously and cognitively rather than imperatively like conventional computers. Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. This paper reports a set of eight position statements presented in the plenary panel of IEEE ICCI’10 on Cognitive Informatics and Its Future Development contributed from invited panelists who are part of the world’s renowned researchers and scholars in the field of cognitive informatics and cognitive computing.

Perspectives on the Field of Cognitive Informatics and its Future Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Bernard Carlos Widrow ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Kenji Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Future Development ◽  
External Information ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information ◽  
Intelligence Science

The contemporary wonder of sciences and engineering has recently refocused on the beginning point of: how the brain processes internal and external information autonomously and cognitively rather than imperatively like conventional computers. Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. This paper reports a set of eight position statements presented in the plenary panel of IEEE ICCI’10 on Cognitive Informatics and Its Future Development contributed from invited panelists who are part of the world’s renowned researchers and scholars in the field of cognitive informatics and cognitive computing.

scholarly journals Attentional Control in The Rostromedial Prefrontal Cortex in a Robot- Assisted Task: an Fnirs Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Trung Le ◽  
Kazuki Watanabe ◽  
Hiroki Ogawa ◽  
Kojiro Matsushita ◽  
Naoki Imada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
External Information ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract During robot-assisted tasks, central nervous system may attend to external information-processing mode, termed as external attending. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. The rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) may be the core of an attentional control system that biases the allocation of attentional resources toward external information-processing when external attending is required for ongoing task performance. Here, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate hemodynamic responses in rmPFC subregions and additional frontal-parietal cortices during robot-assisted motor execution. Elbow flexion-extension movements, which require attention to kinematic consistency in range-of-motion, were employed as a motor task. Eighteen participants performed the task in three loading conditions requiring different degrees of external attending in ascending order: non-loading (NON), resistive loading (RES), and robotic assistive loading condition (ROB). Hemodynamic responses in the ventral and dorsal rmPFC were higher during ROB than during NON. Responses in the ventral rmPFC were significantly higher during ROB than during RES. Further, hemodynamic responses in the dorsal rmPFC during ROB were positively correlated with kinematic variability. These data suggest that robot-assisted motor execution involves rmPFC processes to bias the allocation of attentional resources toward external information-processing.

scholarly journals Repetitions, Their Phonetic Features And Functions In Kurmanji Kurdish

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Aveen Mohammed Hasan ◽  
Baydaa Mohammed Saeed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The study deals with the analysis of repetitions, their phonetic structures and functions as demonstrated in the organisation of talk-ininteraction in Kurdish. The repetitions are described as complex phonetic objects whose design has received no previous attention and are neglected by the scholars in the fields of discourse and conversation analysis studies in Kurdish. The main aims of the study are to identify the phonetic characteristics of repetitions in Kurdish, their functions and the relationship between differences in the phonetic features and their functions in speech. The study integrates the methodology of conversation analysis and impressionistic and instrumental phonetics to show how repetitions in a conversation are managed by the participants. The data used in this study comes from different types of natural speech, namely, face to face conversations, radio-phone-ins of Northern Kurdish. 27 cases of self repetitions have been analysed and they are lexical, phrasal and clausal with a range of syntactic forms. The study contributes to the theoretical issues of the prosody-pragmatics interface and participants’ understanding of naturally occurring discourse. It is hoped that such a study may contribute to language and information processing by providing a detailed analysis of patterns and functions of repetition in social interaction.

scholarly journals Responding Strategies in Jordanian Arabic: A Socio-Pragmatic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Faten Amer ◽  
Dipima Buragohain ◽  
Ina Suryani Binti Ab Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Study ◽  
Telecommunications Company

This study aims to examine the types of response strategies employed in the interactions between Jordanians and the employees of the call-centre-customer service (CCCS) of a major telecommunications company in Jordan. It focuses on their linguistic behaviours upon responding taking into account the degree to which they adhere to Leech’s (2014) maxims. Naturally-occurring interactions and designed situations were used to collect data from 28 Jordanian Arabic speakers participated in this study. The results of the study show that participants adhere to a number of the maxims in that responses are made politely whether the act is achieved or not. Furthermore, it has been revealed that participants are impacted by the social and cultural norms of the Jordanian society.

Flexible work practices and the firm’s need for external orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Neirotti ◽  
Elisabetta Raguseo ◽  
Emilio Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
External Information ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Flexible Work Practices

Purpose Literature on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has so far produced limited evidence on how these firms pursue their organizational flexibility with information and communication technology (ICT) and ad hoc work practices. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the extant literature by focusing on how SMEs use flexible work practices that provide latitude with respect to when employees work, where they work and via which communication medium. Specifically, the authors analyze how such practices are related to the conditions that SMEs face in reference to their competitive environment and their patterns of ICT usage. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted on 304 Italian SMEs, with the aim of identifying the contextual dimensions where flexible work is chosen and the different typologies of flexible work implemented by companies. Findings Flexible work in SMEs is chosen for different reasons associated to different conditions in the competitive environments and in ICT usage where SMEs operate. In general, SMEs use flexible work when they are more capable of improving their external orientation toward suppliers, customers, and the entrance in new markets with ICT. This duality is more likely in the competitive environments where external orientation and information processing is more needed, namely, environments that are uncertain and complex for product and breadth of the geographical complexity (scope) covered. Research limitations/implications In this paper, the authors offer an analysis on the contextual characterizations of flexible work practices. Future studies should disentangle more in depth the ways these characterizations are related to different ICT usages. Practical implications In uncertain and complex environments, SMEs should increase their external information processing with ICT and organizational practices that support the latitude of employees involved in boundary spanning with respect to where, when, and how they work. Originality/value This paper offers an interpretation of flexible work as an organizational mechanism used to cope with uncertain and complex environments where more external orientation is needed. This paper also shows that there are four different typologies of flexible work implemented by companies, namely, flexible work for cheaper input costs, flexible work for operational drivers, flexible work for strategic drivers, and flexible work for individual motivations, and that in some cases the conditions under which they are chosen are different.

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