scholarly journals Agricultural utilisation and potential suitability of the Sysľovské polia Special Protection Area (south-western Slovakia) landscape in relation to the habitat requirements of the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Martin Zemko ◽  
Peter Petluš ◽  
Viera Petlušová
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Landscape Patches ◽  
Falco Vespertinus ◽  
Special Protection

Abstract Intensification of land use in an agricultural landscape significantly affects biodiversity also in protected areas. This can be observed in the Sysľovské polia Special Protection Area in relation to the occurrence of the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus). The objective of this study was to evaluate the landscape structure and suitability of agrotechnical procedures for the habitat demands of this species in the course of the period from 2004 until 2017. The utilisation was assessed on the basis of four landscape elements representation in 1949 and 2017. The next step was analysis of landscape patches. The aim was to quantify the diversity and the spatial structure of the landscape mosaic using Shannon’s Diversity Index and Evenness Index as well as Simpson’s Diversity Index and Evenness Index and spatial pattern analysis in the Fragstats software programme. Assessment of crop suitability was carried out according to the following criteria: representation of positive/negative agricultural crops, diversity of crops in crop rotation, and (non-)observance of crop rotation. It was found that the agricultural landscape use did not change significantly. The study area has been used as an intensively-farmed agricultural landscape for a long time. The landscape elements have remained almost identical, with dominance of arable land. Differences emerged in the analysis of the micropatches, which are represented by natural hedgerows consisting of various species of trees, shrubs and grasses. The results show a decrease in the diversity of patches and changes in the structure of the landscape patches, which may be important in terms of the preservation of the habitat of fauna which form an important part of the F vespertinus diet. On the basis of the evaluation of the suitability of agricultural crop growing, we found that there were some areas showing negative values in all the criteria, and thus they require changes in the crop rotation focusing on increasing positive crop diversity and the share of grassland.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

scholarly journals Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm: Effects of Pest Biology, the Pest–Crop Interaction and the Agricultural Landscape on Resistance

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Aaron Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Resistance Evolution

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is among the most serious pests of maize in the United States. Since 2003, transgenic maize that produces insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used to manage western corn rootworm by killing rootworm larvae, which feed on maize roots. In 2009, the first cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt maize were documented. These cases occurred in Iowa and involved maize that produced Bt toxin Cry3Bb1. Since then, resistance has expanded to include other geographies and additional Bt toxins, with some rootworm populations displaying resistance to all commercially available Bt traits. Factors that contributed to field-evolved resistance likely included non-recessive inheritance of resistance, minimal fitness costs of resistance and limited adult dispersal. Additionally, because maize is the primary agricultural crop on which rootworm larvae can survive, continuous maize cultivation, in particular continuous cultivation of Bt maize, appears to be another key factor facilitating resistance evolution. More diversified management of rootworm larvae, including rotating fields out of maize production and using soil-applied insecticide with non-Bt maize, in addition to planting refuges of non-Bt maize, should help to delay the evolution of resistance to current and future transgenic traits.

scholarly journals New locality of the endangered Sierra Madre Sparrow (Xenospiza baileyi) from the State of Durango, Mexico, and recommendations for its conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hugo Martínez-Guerrero ◽  
Jorge Nocedal ◽  
Daniel Sierra-Franco ◽  
Samuel Ignacio Arroyo-Arroyo ◽  
Martín Emilio Pereda-Solís
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Sierra Madre Occidental ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
The City ◽  
Special Protection

The Sierra Madre Sparrow (Xenospiza baileyi) is an endemic species of Mexico that is threatened with extinction. Its distribution is reported in two areas: One in the Transvolcanic Belt of central Mexico (La Cima) near Mexico City and the other in the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico (Ejido Ojo de Agua El Cazador) near the city of Durango, in the state of Durango. The habitat is the same in these two areas, and consists of sub-alpine grassland that is located in shallow valleys or shallows. In our case, "El Bajío la Cantera" of approximately 55 hectares, is mostly used in rainfed agriculture, protected from livestock grazing with wire fences, which in turn represents protection for remnants of grassland where they are the birds. “El Bajío la Cantera" belongs to Ejido 12 de Mayo, Municipality of San Dimas, Durango, where 28 males were detected singing along a 500 meter transect. This finding represents the population of the healthiest Sierra Madre Sparrow currently known, so it would be necessary to document their population trend over time. This information can help to evaluate and propose the creation of a special protection area for the species that involves joint government actions and ejidatarios tending to conserve the habitat during the reproductive season in order to increase and / or maintain the size of the population.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF OIL CONTENT IN SEDIMENT AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN BELAWAN WATERS OF MEDAN CITY, NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Doli Juna Setia Tanjung ◽  
Bintal Amin ◽  
Syafruddin Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Ocypode Quadrata ◽  
Evenness Index

This research was conducted in March 2019 to determine the oil content in sediment, it’s community structure of macrozoobenthos and it’s a relationship in Belawan Waters of Medan City, North Sumatera. Four sampling stations with five replications in each station were surveyed. The results showed that the average oil content in sediments exceeded the threshold had set by the National Academy of Science. Macrozoobenthos found consists of Ocypode quadrata, Scyla serrate, Rotun dicauda, Penaeus sp, Murex tribulus, and Nassarius olivaccus. The highest abundance was in Station 3 and the lowest was in Station 2. The diversity index in each station was generally very low. Dominance Index in Station 4 was medium, whilst the other stations were high. Evenness index showed in Station 3 and 4 were in high population, Station 1 was in medium population and Station 2 was in low population. Simple linear regression analyses between oil content in sediment with community structure of macrozoobenthos indicated negative correlation ( Y = 10,5-0,0001x , R2 = 0,0004 and r = 0,02 ) which indicated that the higher the oil content, the lower the macrozoobenthos abundance in sediment.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Benthos communities in Laoting area of Hebei Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Li Guanglou ◽  
Cao Hongmei ◽  
Ye wei
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Benthic Community Structure ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Richness Index

According to a survey of benthos in the Laoting sea area of Hebei Province on May 24th 2019, a total of 40 benthos species were obtained, of which mollusks have the largest number, followed by annelids and arthropods. The dominant species are Sternaspis sculata and Ringicula doliaris. The number of species obtained in this survey is much lower than the historical average. The diversity index is significantly lower than that in the April 2008 survey, and the evenness index and richness index have declined slightly, indicating that the benthic community structure in this sea area tends to be simplistic, stability tends to deteriorate.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gastropod Diversity as a Bioindicator of Waters in Situ Ciburuy Padalarang, West Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Erwin Theofilius ◽  
Zahidah Hasan ◽  
Asep Agus Handaka ◽  
Herman Hamndani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Evenness Index

This study conducted to determine the water quality of Situ Ciburuy based on the structure of the gastropod community as a bioindicator. The survey method used in this study based on collecting data directly at the research area (purpose sampling method).  For instance, species and density of gastropods were descriptively analyzed, using diversity index and evenes index. For instance, The findings showed that level of water quality in  Situ Ciburuy based on gastropods bioindicators was lightly polluted. That is indicated by the low to moderate diversity of gastropods, which ranges from 1.31-1.98. The Shannon evenness index (0,73-0.95) revealed low gastropod species diversity in Situ Ciburuy, indicating low evenness of gastropod in Situ Ciburuy.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ECHINODERMS (ASTEROIDEA, OPHIUROIDEA, ECHINOIDEA AND HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN THE MARINE NATIONAL PARK EAST SULAWESI WAKATOBI

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Yusron
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Richness Index

A study on Echinoderms community structure in marine national parks of Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi was conducted in six locations, i.e., Waha Beach, Coastal Sombo, Beach Houses, Beach Kapota, Banakawa beach, and Umala beach in October 2013. All of the six parks were located the Wakatobi territorial waters with coordinates of 5°06'25" S and 123°124'10 E. The results showed of 18 species of echinoderms representing six different types of Asteroidea, two types of Ophiuroidea, six types of Echinoidea, and four types of Holothuroidea. Group of starfish or Asteroidea was the most prominent on seagrass area. Based on the six transects sites, it turned out that the group of starfish (Asteridea) occupied a relatively high level of species richness. From the quantitative analysis values, we obtained diversity index (H) of 1.105 in Sombu, the highest evenness index (J) of 0.989 was found in Umala, and the highest species richness index values (D) of 0.132 was obtained in kapota. It seemed that all echinoderm groups were generally like seagrass microhabitat (12 types). While, sand and dead coral habitats were only occupied by 8 (eight) echinoderm groups. Keywords: echinoderms, diversity, Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi

scholarly journals GIS analysis of change in an agriculture landscape in Central Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Ruuska ◽  
Juha Helenius
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Linear Landscape Elements ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Index Value

Changes in landscape over a period of 50 years were analysed in a rural area of 324 ha in Central Finland. The data were digitized from aerial photographs of the National Land Survey taken in 1944, 1959, 1979 and 1991, and analysed with the IDRISI™ geographic information system (GIS). The average proportion of land in agricultural use in the sample area was 17.4%. The arable area declined from the maximum of 62.3 ha (1959) to 47.6 ha. The total length of linear landscape elements, predominantly ditch bank habitats, halved, from 876 m/ha of field (1944) to 449 m/ha by the end of the period. The average rate of loss of field boundary habitat was 9.1 m/ha/ year. At the same time, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity of agricultural landscape elements dropped from 0.37 to 0.24. The number of field parcels declined by 29%, and the mean parcel size increased by 45%, from 1.2 ha to 1.7 ha. The index value of the fractal dimension measuring the complexity of parcel shapes also fell, from 1.88 (1959) to 1.86 (1991). The change in spatial structure reflects the intensification of farming in Finland. Biodiversity at ecosystem level has clearly declined. However, the implications for the agroecosystem and its sustainability are still unknown.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Community Investigation and Water Quality Assessment of M River in winter in Shijiazhuang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Ziqi Zhang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Dongxu Han ◽  
Hongyan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Evenness Index

An investigation of phytoplankton community and water quality for M River was conducted in December 2019.The results showed that 38 species of phytoplankton belonging to 6 phyla and 26 genera were collected. Among them, Bacillariophyta is the richest species, which accounted for 34.21%, followed by Cyanophyta with 26.32% and Chlorophyta with 28.95%. The density of phytoplankton was 63.0*106 inds/L which indicated as eutrophic water body. The highest density was Bacillariophyta, accounting for 51.03%. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) varied from 1.34 to 2.24, the Margalef Species diversity index (d) varied from 2.71 to 3.85, and the Pielou evenness index (J) varied from 0.38 to 0.67. According to the integrative analysis results of H’, d and J, M River water quality belongs to oligo-polluted, but individual sites belong to meso-polluted.

scholarly journals Local knowledge and practices towards the ecological restoration of selected landscape in Atok, Benguet, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
LEILA LANDICHO ◽  
Maria Theresa Nemesis Ocampo ◽  
Rowena Esperanza Cabahug ◽  
Maryanne Abadillos ◽  
Russel Son Cosico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Landicho LD, Ocampo MTNP, Cabahug RED, Abadillos MG, Cosico RSA, Castillo AKA, Ramirez MAJP, Laruan KA. 2021. Local knowledge and practices towards the ecological restoration of selected landscape in Atok, Benguet, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 2785-2794. This study argues that local ecological knowledge and practices contribute to forest conservation and management efforts. This argument is based on the research conducted in upland communities in Atok, Benguet, Philippines. Interviews, farm visits, and focus group discussions revealed that the local communities have been dependent on the forest resources within the watershed in their agricultural production activities. These local communities employed their knowledge and practices towards restoring the ecological state of the watershed. These include the integration of trees on the farm, planting of Alnus japonica for soil and water conservation, the establishment of structural soil and water conservation, maintenance of communal forests, and awareness building among the youth on forest conservation and management. A moderate level of biodiversity and evenness index were in the conservation of giant tree ferns. A very low (0.9718) diversity index and a very high (0.825) evenness index were recorded in the farm lots, while a very low (0.437) diversity index and moderate (0.421) evenness index were measured in the communal forests. On the other hand, high soil organic matter contents of 6.49% and 5.86% were recorded both at the community and farm lots, respectively. Results imply the need to sustain the use of local knowledge and practices in combination with the technological interventions from academia and research institutions to enhance the ecological restoration of forest landscapes.

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