scholarly journals Influence of geographic distance and genetic dissimilarity among clones on flowering synchrony in a Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) clonal seed orchard

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lyngdoh ◽  
R. P. Gunaga ◽  
Geeta Joshi ◽  
R. Vasudeva ◽  
G. Ravikanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Flowering Asynchrony

Abstract Influence of genetic dissimilarity among teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) clones on flowering synchrony was studied in a Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) of teak in Karnataka, Southern India. Flowering phenology was monitored for all the 24 teak clones of the CSO and flowering synchrony between clones was assessed adopting a novel ‘overlap index’. Genetic dissimilarity among these clones was assessed adopting DNA based ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) analysis. Large variation in the time of ‘flower initiation’ and of ‘peak flowering initiation’ was observed among the clones belonging to diverse sources, suggesting large asynchronous flowering. Cluster analysis based on ISSR marker indicated that the clones originating from a same source clustered together and there was a clear segregation based on their origin. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between the average Jaccards’s dissimilarity index between pairs of clones and average peak flowering overlap index. Clones from geographically diverse regions had high genetic dissimilarity and also showed high flowering asynchrony within them.

Characterization of flowering phenology and seed yield in a Pinussylvestris clonal seed orchard in Nebraska

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa K. Boes ◽  
James R. Brandle ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Forty-two Eurasian Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) clones in a Nebraska seed orchard were observed over 3 years for the phenology of pollen release and seed-cone receptivity and for the production of cones and filled seed. A preliminary investigation had indicated that seed yields were less than expected, and nonsynchronous flowering phenology due to wide genetic diversity was considered as a possible cause. The clones were divided into six regions based on geographic origin and analyzed for variation between regions and between clones within regions. Most variation in cones per tree and filled seeds per cone was due to differences between clones. Most variation in weight per seed was due to differences between regions. The order in which clones began releasing pollen and became receptive remained the same from year to year, but the duration of these events differed between years. Results indicated that nonsynchronous flowering phenology due to genetic diversity is not a likely cause of low seed yield. Seed crops (19.3 kg/ha, 97 000 seeds/kg) were not necessarily lower than should be expected, but 90% of a given year's crop was produced by an average of only 26 clones. With the paternal contribution of each clone to the seed crop unknown, collecting and sowing seed separately by clone is recommended.

scholarly journals Variation in Floral Phenological Synchronization in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus tabuliformis in Northeast of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaoru Wang ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Northeast Of China

Abstract Flowering phenology in an orchard is a crucial factor affecting the gene exchange among clones and consequently changing genetic composition of the seed crop. Pinus tabuliformis is now at the crucial period from first generation clonal seed orchards to advanced generation seed orchards in China. In this study, variation and stability in floral phenological synchronization of all the clones and possible mating pairs, in terms of an index of phenological overlap, were observed in a first generation clonal seed orchard which located in northeast of China. Results showed that significant variations occurred in the clones and mating pairs. This kind of variation was apparently related with temperature and humidity of the research site. With increasing age, levels of flowering synchronization were likely to rise in the clones and mating pairs. In general, the average flowering synchronization of male parents was slightly higher than that of female parents, female management in a seed orchard should be paied more attention. Flowering time was under strong genetic control and this genetic control was stronger in the female flowering process than of the males in terms of board sense heritability and year to year correlation analysis. Flowering synchronization of female parents was positively correlated between most years and can be a reliable reference for early and late predication in Pinus tabuliformis seed orchard during stage of initial seed harvest to stable seed production. According to their average levels of flowering synchronization, 49 clones in the first generation clonal seed orchard were divided into 11 different groups. Results of this paper provided the basic information for first generation seed orchard management and advanced seed orchard establishment of Pinus tabuliformis.

scholarly journals Crossing potential of open pollination in Cajuputi seedling seed orchard at Paliyan, Gunungkidul

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Khomsah Kartikawati ◽  
Sumardi Sumardi
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Intensity

There are two possibilities on open pollination: cross pollination and self pollination. This research was aimed to identify cross pollination potential within and among provenance, and to determine the flowering behavior of each provenance in seedling seed orchard of cajuputi at Paliyan, Gunungkidul. The research was conducted based on flowering phenology (start of flowering, end of flowering and duration of flowering in one period) for all flowering trees during two flowering periods. The result showed that there was high crossing potential in seedling seed orchard of cajuputi based on flowering synchrony. Land race of Gundih has highest crossing potential due to longevity and intensity of flowering, while the provenance from Northern Australia has the lowest crossing potential. Other provenances (Masarete, Rat Gelombeng, Waipirit, Pelita Jaya, Cotonea, Suli and Western Australia) also have high crossing potential at the time when the number of individual was greatest and flowering intensity highest. This research demonstrated that high crossing potential was found within provenance and among provenances except Northern Australia. The implication of this research deployment of improved seed produced from open pollination in seedling seed orchard was recommended for high crossing potential expressed from flowering synchrony.

Behavior of major insect pollinators of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.): A comparison of clonal seed orchard versus wild trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 222 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tangmitcharoen ◽  
T. Takaso ◽  
S. Siripatanadilox ◽  
W. Tasen ◽  
J.N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Insect Pollinators

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole ◽  
Vidah Manda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Individual Tree Model ◽  
The Individual

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a Danish Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunctions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
O K Hansen ◽  
E D Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
The Status

A paternity analysis using five microsatellite markers was conducted in a Danish clonal seed orchard with 13 Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach clones. The purpose was to investigate potential seed-orchard dysfunctions, with special emphasis on nonequal pollen contributions and selfing. Male paternity was found for 232 seedlings germinated from seeds collected on three ramets, each of eight clones, and the relative contribution of each clone to the gene pool of male gametes was calculated. Furthermore, 49 ramets were genotyped to check for erroneous grafting. The effect of an unbalanced male contribution was quantified by means of two measures: (1) the status number (NS), which reflects buildup of coancestry in the seed-orchard crop as a result of a low number of clones and an unequal male contribution, and (2) the asymptotic variance effective population number (Ne(v)). The contributions by pollen donors from the 13 clones were highly skewed. Three clones were fathers to more than 75% of the progenies, while making up only 24% of the ramets in the seed orchard. Four clones sired no progenies at all. The unequal contribution on the male side corresponded to NS = 4.2 and Ne(v) = 5.8. Some selfing was observed, which may give rise to concern if clonal seed orchards with few clones are established. The estimated maximum pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was 4.3%. No grafting–labelling errors were identified.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF TEAK MISTLETOE SPECIES AND BASIC INFORMATION OF UTILIZATION AS MEDICINAL PLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. S61-S63
Author(s):  
Zainal Muttaqin ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R ◽  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Iskandar Z Siregar ◽  
Corryanti .
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Hemiparasitic Plants ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
High Control ◽  
Attack Intensity

Mistletoe is hemiparasitic plants (macroparasite) on seasonal and annual plants include trees, however, mistletoes are also beneficial as key species that fill in the ecological niche, and a potential to non-wood forest product such as medicinal plants as one of them. The objectives of this research are to identify species of teak mistletoes at Padangan Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) in Perum Perhutani and to aim its posibilities as medicinal plant. The inventory methods on species of teak mistletoes was carried out in compartements/blocks of teak clones that are designated as Observation Sample Plots (OSPs/PCP) of the attack intensity from low, medium, high, control; and four units Observation Measurement Plots (OMPs/PUP) on each OSPs/PCP. Continously, it was analized by comparing the same species of mistletoes on other host trees as reference which was efficacious to be used as medicinal plant. Three species of mistletoes parasitizing teak clone stands were identified as Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae which is also attacking other host trees, Macrosolen tetragonus (Blume) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae too, Viscum articulatum Burm. F. of family of Santalacea/Viscaceae that is hyperparasite on two other mistletoes. The comparison with the same teak mistletoe but on different host trees shows that including D. pentandra and V. articulatum have the potential for hypertension treatment. D. pentandra is used too for medicine to cure ilness, wounds, fester and recovery from parturition. Known that chemical content this mistletoe comprise of flavonoid ingrident, fenolat acid (terulat acid, para hidroksi benzoate acid, kumarat acid, protokatekuat acid and vanilat acid. As for the utilization of M. tetragonus hasn’t been discovered up to this moment.Key words: mistletoe, identification, teak clone, non-wood forest product, medicinal plant

scholarly journals Seed Germination Variation among Crop Years from a Pinus sylvestris Clonal Seed Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
The Mean

Maternal effects were assessed by germinating seeds sourced over multiple years from the same cloned mother trees, comparing germination capacity and rate between crop years. The relationships between climatic variables, seed characteristics and germination capacity were determined, and thermal time parameters were used to predict seed dormancy release and germination under the climatic conditions in the year after seed collection. There were significant differences in seed weight (P < 0.05), seed length and embryo occupancy (both P < 0.001) among crop years. Temperature during the seed development period explained 70% of the variation in seed weight and 63% of the variation in embryo occupancy. Germination capacity was significantly (P <0.001) different among crop years, among temperatures and among chilling durations, and thermal time requirements for germination increased from older (2007) to younger (2012) seeds. The mean base temperature without chilling was 7.1°C, while after chilling it was 4.6°C and 3.6°C for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. The mean thermal time to 50% germination without chilling was 135.1°Cd, while after chilling it was 118.3°Cd and 154.0°Cd for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. This experiment demonstrates that year-to-year differences in the environment experienced by mother trees during seed maturation can affect seed germination characteristics.

scholarly journals Genetic variation, mating patterns and gene flow in a Pinus pinaster Aiton clonal seed orchard

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Fernandes ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Jorge Cordeiro ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Sophie Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard
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