scholarly journals Methodological Approach to Determining the Effect of Parallel Energy Consumption on District Heating System

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Latosov ◽  
Anna Volkova ◽  
Andres Siirde ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski ◽  
Martin Thalfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Abstract District heating (DH) offers the most effective way to enhance the efficiency of primary energy use, increasing the share of renewable energy in energy consumption and decreasing the amount of CO2 emissions. According to Article 9 section 1 of the Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, the Member states of the European Union are obligated to draw up National Plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings [1]. Article 2 section 2 of the same Directive states that the energy used in nearly zero-energy buildings should be created covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. Thus, the heat distributed by DH systems and produced by manufacturing devices located in close vicinity of the building also have to be taken into account in determining the energy consumption of the building and the share of renewable energy used in the nearly zero-energy buildings. With regard to the spreading of nearly zero-energy and zero-energy houses, the feasibility of on-site energy (heat and/or electricity) production and consumption in DH areas energy (i.e. parallel consumption, when the consumer, connected to DH system, consumes energy for heat production from other sources besides the DH system as well) needs to be examined. In order to do that, it is necessary to implement a versatile methodological approach based on the principles discussed in this article.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Feasibility of Near-Zero and Positive Energy Communities in the Greek Context

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Sougkakis ◽  
Konstantinos Lymperopoulos ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Margaritis ◽  
Paraskevi Giourka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Geothermal Heat Pump

Near Zero Energy and Positive Energy communities are expected to play a significant part in EU’s strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Within this context, the work presented in this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of: (a) a new-built positive energy neighborhood; and (b) the retrofit of an existing neighborhood to near zero energy performance in the city of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Proposed measures involve the rollout at the community scale of renewable energy technologies (PV, geothermal heat pump), energy efficiency (fabric insulation, district heating and cooling networks) and storage systems (batteries). A parametric analysis is conducted to identify the optimum combination of technologies through suitable technical and financial criteria. Results indicate that zero and near zero emissions targets are met with various combinations that impose insulation levels, according to building regulations or slightly higher, and consider renewable energy production with an autonomy of half or, more commonly, one day. In addition, the advantages of performing nearly zero energy retrofit at the district, rather than the building level, are highlighted, in an attempt to stimulate interest in community energy schemes.

Investigating the probability of designing net-zero energy buildings with consideration of electric vehicles and renewable energy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Sajad Rezaei Nasab ◽  
Abbasali Tayefi Nasrabadi ◽  
Somayeh Asadi ◽  
Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Energy Performance ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Net Zero Energy Buildings

PurposeDue to technological improvement and development of the vehicle-to-home (V2H) concept, electric vehicle (EV) can be considered as an active component of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). However, to achieve more dependable results, proper energy analysis is needed to take into consideration the stochastic behavior of renewable energy, energy consumption in the building and vehicle use pattern. This study aims to stochastically model a building integrating photovoltaic panels as a microgeneration technology and EVs to meet NZEB requirements.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a multiobjective nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was developed to optimize the building energy performance considering panels installed on the façade. Next, a dynamic solution is implemented in MATLAB to stochastically model electricity generation using solar panels as well as building and EV energy consumption. Besides, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used for quantifying the uncertainty of NZEB performance. To investigate the impact of weather on both energy consumption and generation, the model is tested in five different climatic zones in Iran.FindingsThe results show that the stochastic simulation provides building designers with a variety of convenient options to select the best design based on level of confidence and desired budget. Furthermore, economic evaluation signifies that investing in all studied cities is profitable.Originality/valueConsidering the uncertainty in building energy demand and PV power generation as well as EV mobility and the charging–discharging power profile for evaluating building energy performance is the main contribution of this study.

Towards Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB)

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris A. Fokaides
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

In 2009, European Union (EU) member states forged a long-awaited compromise on the recast buildings directive, agreeing that all new buildings would have to comply with high energy-performance standards by the end of 2020. The recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, which was finally announced in May 2010, requires the public sector to take the lead by owning buildings with “nearly zero” energy consumption standards by the end of 2018, which is two years in advance of the private sector. The objective of this chapter is to discuss both the range of potential consequences to European cities resulting from widespread implementation of zero energy buildings (ZEBs) and the relevant environmental technologies in accordance with the national goals set by the EU Member States. As EU member states are moving ahead with their targets and strategies for ZEBs, this chapter presents the most possible scenarios for the implementation of the EU recast buildings directive regarding ZEBs by 2020. A detailed review regarding the existing EU member states’ definitions and policies on low energy buildings and ZEBs, and the current status of RES technologies for ZEBs is also presented. Finally, some first thoughts are provided regarding the minimisation of energy consumption in the building sector and the green city goal, as energy is considered to be one of the most important chapters when evaluating a green community. The next step for the integration of green buildings would be the adoption of principles resulting from ZEB analyses and descriptions in existing green building models.

Energy analysis for construction of a zero-energy residential building using thermal simulation in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Amani ◽  
Abdul Amir Reza Soroush ◽  
Mostafa Moghadas Mashhad ◽  
Keyvan Safarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Thermal Simulation ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Semi Arid

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility and design of zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) in cold and semi-arid climates. In this study, to maximize the use of renewable energy, energy consumption is diminished using passive solar architecture systems and techniques. Design/methodology/approach The case study is a residential building with a floor area of 100 m2 and four inhabitants in the cold and semi-arid climate, northeast of Iran. For thermal simulation, the climate data such as air temperature, sunshine hours, wind, precipitation and hourly sunlight, are provided from the meteorological station and weather databases of the region. DesignBuilder software is applied for simulation and dynamic analysis of the building, as well as PVsyst software to design and evaluate renewable energy performance. Findings The simulation results show a 30% decrease in annual energy consumption of the building by complying with the principles of passive design (optimal selection of direction, Trombe wall, shade, proper insulation selection) from 25,443 kWh to 17,767 kWh. Then, the solar energy photovoltaic (PV) system is designed using PVsyst software, taking into account the annual energy requirement and the system’s annual energy yield is estimated to be 26,291 kWh. Originality/value The adaptive comparison of the values obtained from the energy analysis indicated that constructing a ZEB is feasible in cold and semi-arid conditions and is considered an effective step to achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly construction.

A Revolution for Architecture and Photovoltaic's Zero Energy Buildings: A New Opportunity and Challenge for Technology Based Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Raj Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The recast of the European Directive 2010/31/EU establishes that starting from the end of 2020, all new buildings will have to be Nearly Zero Energy Buildings According to this directive, 'Nearly ZEB' means a building that has a very low energy yearly energy consumption, which can be achieved by both the highest energy efficiency and by energy from renewable sources, A relevant international effort on the subject of the Net Net ZEBs-Net ZEB meaning that the buildings are connected to an energy infrastructure-is ongoing in the International Energy Agency (IEA), joint Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Task 40 and Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems. Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings' both from the theoretical and practical points of view, this new 'energy paradigm'-or the Net ZEB) balance- might be a revolution for architecture and for Photovoltaic's (PV), too.The engineering only research taking into account mainly the energy aspects seems to be not sufficient to ensure the diffusion of ZEB models: in achieving the ZEB target, a major role will be played by architects and designers, who are amongst the main actors of this revolutionary change. More precisely, because the form of our buildings and cities might change radically because of this new energy requirement, the way architects will take up the challenge of designing ZEBs is crucial, as architects are highly responsible of the form of the city and of its symbolic meanings.In a near future, buildings will be designed to need very little energy (passive design strategies for energy efficiency) and to integrate active surfaces (i.e. PV modules) for generating energy. In the future, design has to consider not only the space we use directly but also the space required to provide for electrical and thermal energies from renewable sources: the surface necessary for placing the energy generation devices. This area can be defined as the 'building's energy footprint' . Because the renewable energy generation systems, in contrast to conventional Energy sources, are visible, for the first time in the tradition of architecture, energy can take a 'form' (i.e. shape, colors and features of a PV generator), and architects are responsible for designing this form(s). Photovoltaic's has many potentialities in a ZEB scenario, thanks to its features and enormous decrease in cost. Because of the high energy consumption of the European countries, PV can contribute significantly to the reduction of the primary, conventional energy supply, as well as to the reduction of the CO2 emissions PV seems to be technically the easiest way to obtain the zero energy balance, as the recent, sharp, drop in prices makes it competitive even with active solar thermal collectors and building materials in general.Photovoltaics is able to generate electric energy from the direct conversion of the sunlight; it can power any kind of energy request of the building (thermal and electrical), with the consequence that a ZEB could be theoretically entirely powered by Photovoltaic.

scholarly journals Net Zero Energy for Industrial and Commercial Microgrids: Approaches and Challenges

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Filipe Bandeiras ◽  
Mário Gomes ◽  
Paulo Coelho ◽  
José Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Energy Type ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

This paper addresses the concept of net zero energy and net metering in efficient buildings in order to assist in the study and development of future microgrids for buildings with annual zero energy consumption. There are several definitions for zero energy buildings available in the literature with a distinct set of project goals and interests, but this work is focused on the definition that accounts for energy losses by converting each energy type to source energy. Finally, a case study is presented to evaluate whether four distinct all-electric buildings can achieve annual zero energy by deploying on-site renewable sources within their site boundary.

scholarly journals Efficient energy use and storage practices within residential facilities for compliance with the nZEB criteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Ion Murgescu ◽  
Lucia-Andreea El-Leathey ◽  
Rareş-Andrei Chihaia ◽  
Gabriela Cîrciumaru
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Solar energy, today, is the leader in renewable energy and the world's increasing new energy source. In 2016, for the first time, newly installed photovoltaic capacity has increased by more than 50%, exceeding the new coal-fired power stations capacity established worldwide. At the beginning of the year, the European Parliament agreed the target that 35% renewable sources by 2030. Studies show that by 2050 approximately 45% of all the households in the EU could produce their own renewable energy and more than a third of them could be part of a renewable energy cooperative, despite the worries of the distribution companies. Furthermore, the EPBD directive (EU) - Energy Performance of Buildings pushes towards new and more performing buildings - nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) - where energy efficiency and energy flexibility are essential to achieve the required performance targets. Nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) have very high energy performance and could be achieved through the integration of renewable and decentralized energy sources, continuous grid optimization and the inclusion of increasing numbers of consumers becoming producers, so called prosumers. So far, the photovoltaic system is the single technology that can combine data from utility networks with household consumption and therefore should be considered a starting point for streamlining the electricity consumption and production which will be imposed by strict regulations.

scholarly journals Study on the Certification Policy of Zero-Energy Buildings in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeweon Kim ◽  
Ki-Hyung Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

This study presents a methodology and process to establish a mandatory policy of zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) in Korea. To determine the mandatory level to acquire the rating of a ZEB in Korea, this study was conducted under the assumption that the criteria of ZEB was a top 5% building considering the building’s energy-efficiency rating, which was certified through a quantitative building energy analysis. A self-sufficiency rate was also proposed to strengthen the passive standard of the buildings as well as to encourage new and renewable energy production. Accordingly, zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) in Korea are defined as having 60 kWh/(m2·yr) of non-renewable primary energy (NRPE) consumption in residential buildings and 80 kWh/(m2·yr) in non-residential buildings, and the self-reliance rate should be more than 20% of the renewable energy consumption as compared to the total energy consumption of the buildings. In addition, the mandatory installation of building energy management systems (BEMS) was promoted to investigate the energy behavior in buildings to be certified as zero-energy in the future. This study also investigated the number of ZEB certificates during the demonstration period from 2017 to 2019 to analyze the energy demand, non-renewable primary energy, renewable primary energy, and self-sufficiency rate as compared to those under the previous standards. For ZEB Grade 1 as compared to the existing building energy-efficiency rating, the sum of the NRPE decreased more than 50%, and renewable energy consumption increased more than four times.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Optimisation of an Experimental Complex of Single-Family Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Anna Kotowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina ◽  
Bartłomiej Sroka ◽  
Tadeusz Tatara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Direct Construction ◽  
Experimental Complex ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Occupancy Costs ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings has introduced the standard of “nearly zero-energy buildings” (NZEBs). European requirements place the obligation to reduce energy consumption on all European Union Member States, particularly in sectors with significant energy consumption indicators. Construction is one such sector, as it is responsible for around 40% of overall energy consumption. Apart from a building’s mass and its material and installation solutions, its energy consumption is also affected by its placement relative to other buildings. A proper urban layout can also lead to a reduction in project development and occupancy costs. The goal of this article is to present a method of optimising single-family house complexes that takes elements such as direct construction costs, construction site organisation, urban layout and occupancy costs into consideration in the context of sustainability. Its authors have analysed different proposals of the placement of 40 NZEBs relative to each other and have carried out a multi-criteria analysis of the complex, determining optimal solutions that are compliant with the precepts of sustainability. The results indicated that the layout composed of semi-detached houses scored the highest among the proposed layouts under the parameter weights set by the developer. This layout also scored the highest when parameter weights were uniformly distributed during a test simulation.

scholarly journals Design Issues for Net Zero-Energy Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Laura Aelenei ◽  
Daniel Aelenei ◽  
Helder Gonçalves ◽  
Roberto Lollini ◽  
Eike Musall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Net Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEBs) have received increased attention in recent years as a result of constant concerns about energy supply constraints, decreasing energy resources, increasing energy costs and the rising impact of greenhouse gases on world climate. Promoting whole building strategies that employ passive measures together with energy efficient systems and technologies using renewable energy became a European political strategy following the publication of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast in May 2010 by the European Parliament and Council. However designing successful NZEBs represents a challenge because the definitions are somewhat generic while assessment methods and monitoring approaches remain under development and the literature is relatively scarce about the best sets of solutions for different typologies and climates likely to deliver an actual and reliable performance in terms of energy balance (consumed vs generated) on a cost-effective basis. Additionally the lessons learned from existing NZEB examples are relatively scarce. The authors of this paper, who are participants in the IEA SHC Task 40-ECBCS Annex 52, “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”, are willing to share insights from on-going research work on some best practice leading NZEB residential buildings. Although there is no standard approach for designing a Net Zero-Energy Building (there are many different possible combinations of passive and efficient active measures, utility equipment and on-site energy generation technologies able to achieve the net-zero energy performance), a close examination of the chosen strategies and the relative performance indicators of the selected case studies reveal that it is possible to achieve zero-energy performance using well known strategies adjusted so as to balance climate driven-demand for space heating/cooling, lighting, ventilation and other energy uses with climate-driven supply from renewable energy resources.

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