scholarly journals Cellulose Nanocrystals: Production, Functionalization and Advanced Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan Thompson ◽  
Jalal Azadmanjiri ◽  
Mostafa Nikzad ◽  
Igor Sbarski ◽  
James Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymer ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Advanced Applications

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are a class of nanoscale biopolymers produced from cellulose sources. CNC materials have gained growing interests which can be attributed to their excellent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and high aspect ratio whilst also being an inexpensive material that can be produced from green and renewable sources. Due to the abundant hydroxyl functional groups, the surface of CNC materials are ready to be tuned and functionalized via chemical reactions allowing for many different applications, such as being a reinforcing agent to be incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer matrix. In this review paper,we firstly introduce the general methods for producing CNC from different sources. Different strategies used for surface modification ofCNCare then discussed. Finally, the recent progress on the applications of CNC and CNC composite materials are described in detail.

Processing and Mechanical Properties of Starch and PVA Composite Reinforced by Nano-SiO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yong Liu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Xi Tu ◽  
Yue Jun Liu ◽  
Xi Hai Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

The thermoplastic processing and mechanical properties of starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites were studied. Glycerol was chosen as the plasticizer and nano-silica (nano-SiO2) as the reinforcing agent of the starch/PVA composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the obtained starch/PVA blend were best when the glycerol content was 30% of starch and 20% of PVA, and the weight ratio of PVA and starch was 0.8 (wPVA/ wstarch= 0.8/1). After the addition of nano-SiO2, the mechanical properties of the starch/PVA blends were improved. When the weight percent of nano-SiO2was 2%, the mechanical properties of the SiO2/starch/PVA composite were most excellent. It was shown that the tensile strength was increased by 16% and the elongation increased by 72%. Moreover, it was confirmed by rheological measurements that nano-SiO2could interact with the composite materials, which results in the improvement of the mechanical strength of the starch/PVA composites.

scholarly journals Enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene using masterbatches of nanoclay and nano-CaCO3: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Composites Materials ◽  
Macro Scale

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) can be considered as promising relatively new types of composite materials. PNCs give opportunity to develop new composites materials with different structure-property relationships compared to their conventional micro/macro scale composites. Polyolefin based nanocomposites nowadays become more important, because this type of composites has been largely used in various industries. For example, polypropylene based nanocomposites have been widely used in automobile – related industries to replace their conventional composites. This review paper will focus on the polypropylene based nanocomposites prepared using masterbatches of nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 via melt compounding method. The thermal and mechanical properties of such nanocomposites were also discussed.

The Effect of BN Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Al2O3 Ceramics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4353-4357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Eun Kim ◽  
Woo-Jin Cho ◽  
Jin-Kook Yoon ◽  
In-Jin Shon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Nanostructured Composite ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Rapid Sintering ◽  
Sintering Method

In spite of many attractive properties, the low fracture toughness of Al2O3 ceramic below ductilebrittle transition temperature limits its wide application in industry. One of the most obvious methods to improve the fracture toughness has been to add reinforcing compounds to fabricate nanostructured composite materials. In this respect, BN was evaluated as the reinforcing agent of Al2O3 ceramics using pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS). Highly dense alumina-BN composites with a relative density of up to 100% were achieved within short periods (2 min) by PCAS under a 80 MPa pressure. The rapid sintering method allowed the retention of the nanostructure by inhibiting the grain growth. The grain size of alumina was reduced remarkably by the addition of BN. The addition of BN to Al2O3 ceramic simultaneously improved the hardness and fracture toughness of alumina-BN composite.

scholarly journals Rosin Product Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhura Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Epoxy Binders ◽  
Chemical Conditions

Rosin is the non-volatile exudate of pine resin with hydrophobic characteristics that are widely used and modified as a precursor for many industrial applications such as paints, inks and adhesives. The review paper discusses the rosin, its nature, processing, production material development for green science. The composite materials have been designed and tailored with respect to desired applications to offer a potential replacement of petrochemical use. Rosin consists of different resin acids that can undergo isomerisation at elevated temperatures and interchange its form, which, can be used as a rigid building block to manipulate their mechanical properties and crystallisation behaviours. Modified rosin epoxy binders have been recognised as materials with resistance to a wide variety of chemical conditions that can be used to fabricate a variety of reinforced constructions. Rosin has been employed in foam making in addition to composite material, depicting its ability as a crosslinker.

scholarly journals Peening Techniques for Surface Modification: Processes, Properties and Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3841
Author(s):  
Merbin John ◽  
Prasad Rao Kalvala ◽  
Manoranjan Misra ◽  
Pradeep L. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shock Peening

Surface modification methods have been applied to metals and alloys to change the surface integrity, obtain superior mechanical properties, and improve service life irrespective of the field of application. In this review paper, current state-of-the-art of peening techniques are demonstrated. More specifically, classical and advanced shot peening (SP), ultrasonic impact peening (UIP), and laser shock peening (LSP) have been discussed. The effect of these techniques on mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue life, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys, are discussed. This study also reports the comparisons, advantages, challenges, and potential applications of these processes.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Lactone Monomers via Plasma-Induced Polymerization and Their Application in ABS Nanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Ramón Díaz de León ◽  
Ediberto Guzmán ◽  
Ricardo López González ◽  
Alejandro Díaz Elizondo ◽  
Ilse Magaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Modified Cellulose

The growing concern for environmental problems has motivated the use of materials obtained from bio-based resources such as cellulose nanocrystals which have a promising application acting as fillers or reinforcements of polymeric materials. In this context, in this article, plasma-induced polymerization is proposed as a strategy to modify nanocrystals at different plasma power intensities using ε-caprolactone and δ-decalactone to improve their compatibility with polymeric matrices. The characterization was carried out using techniques such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, XPS, and AFM, with which a successful functionalization was demonstrated without altering the inherent properties of the nanocrystals. The preparation of ABS nanocomposites was carried out with the modified nanoparticles and the evaluation of the mechanical properties indicates an increase in Young’s modulus and yield stress under certain concentrations of modified cellulose nanocrystals.

Surface Modification and its Influence on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Nickel Based Superalloy René 77 / Modyfikacja Powierzchniowa Oraz Jej Wpływ Na Mikrostrukture I Wytrzymałosc Na Pełzanie Odlewów Z Nadstopu Niklu Ren´E 77

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zielinska ◽  
J. Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Cobalt Aluminate ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Average Grain Size

Superalloy René 77 is very wide used for turbine blades, turbine disks of aircraft engines which work up to 1050°C. These elements are generally produced by the investment casting method. Turbine blades produced by conventional precision casting methods have coarse and inhomogeneous grain structure. Such a material often does not fulfil basic requirements, which concern mechanical properties for the stuff used in aeronautical engineering. The incorporation of controlled grain size improved mechanical properties. This control of grain size in the casting operation was accomplished by the control of processing parameters such as casting temperature, mould preheating temperature, and the use of grain nucleates in the face of the mould. For nickel and cobalt based superalloys, it was found that cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) has the best nucleating effect. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant’s content (cobalt aluminate) in the surface layer of the ceramic mould on the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperature of nickel based superalloy René 77. For this purpose, the ceramic moulds were made with different concentration of cobalt aluminate in the primary slurry was from 0 to 10% mass. in zirconium flour. Stepped and cylindrical samples were casted for microstructure and mechanical examinations. The average grain size of the matrix ( phase), was determined on the stepped samples. The influence of surface modification on the grain size of up to section thickness was considered. The microstructure investigations with the use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enable to examine the influence of the surface modification on the morphology of ’ phase and carbides precipitations. Verification of the influence of CoAl2O4 on the mechanical properties of castings were investigated on the basis of results obtained form creep tests.

Aging of polymer composite materials under loading. (See Beginning in #10-2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 2-12
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Moisture Conditions

A study review of aging polymer composite materials (PCM) under different heat-moisture conditions or water exposure with the sequential or parallel influence of static or cyclic loads in laboratory conditions is presented. The influence of tension and bending loads is compared. Conditions of the different load influence on parameters of carbon-reinforced plastics and glass-reinforced plastics are discussed. Equipment and units for climatic tests of PCM under loading are described. Simulation examples of indices of mechanical properties of PCM under the influence of environment and loads are shown.

Aging of polymer composite materials under loading

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Moisture Conditions

A study review of aging polymer composite materials (PCM) under different heat-moisture conditions or water exposure with the sequential or parallel influence of static or cyclic loads in laboratory conditions is presented. The influence of tension and bending loads is compared. Conditions of the different load influence on parameters of carbon-reinforced plastics and glass-reinforced plastics are discussed. Equipment and units for climatic tests of PCM under loading are described. Simulation examples of indices of mechanical properties of PCM under the influence of environment and loads are shown.

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