Effects of partial replacement of carbon black with nanocrystalline cellulose on properties of natural rubber nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixin Li ◽  
Fei Huang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Liang ◽  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract Waste cotton materials were used as source materials to prepare waste cotton nanocrystalline cellulose (WCNC) by optimized acid hydrolysis. The final hydrolysis products had an approximately 30 nm diameter, lengths mainly ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm, and a typical cellulose I crystal structure with a high degree of crystallinity. WCNC was further investigated to partially replace carbon black (CB) in natural rubber (NR) composites via coagulation. NR/CB/WCNC and NR/CB composites were prepared. Through comparisons of the morphology, mechanical properties, dynamic compression fatigue performance, thermal stability and soil biodegradation behaviour of the NR/CB/WCNC and NR/CB composites, WCNC was proven to perform efficiently. WCNC could increase tensile and tear strength as well as reduce heat build-up, and it presented slightly lower thermal stability and superior biodegradability. Moreover, a fine WCNC dispersion was achieved in NR/CB/WCNC. The observed reinforcement effects were evaluated based on the results of rubber processing analysis (RPA), thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopic analyses of NR/CB/WCNC compared with the NR/CB composites.

scholarly journals Coppiced Biochars as Partial Replacement of Carbon Black Filler in Polybutadiene/Natural Rubber Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Steven C. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

Although carbon black has been the dominant filler material for rubber composites for over a century, it is a finite, fossil fuel-based product that is sensitive to geopolitical issues and economics. Renewable sources of carbon need to be developed to replace carbon black in order to reduce dependence on petroleum. Biochar is the solid material left over after the anaerobic treatment of biomass at high temperature. In this work, two biochars made from coppiced hardwoods, Paulownia elongata and Populus tremuloides were used to partially replace carbon black in rubber composites using a 50/50 blend of butadiene rubber and natural rubber. Rubber composite samples using these biochars were able to replace 30% of the carbon black with virtually no loss in tensile strength, and improved elongation and toughness compared to the reference sample containing 100% carbon black.

Effect of palmyra palm fiber filler on properties of natural rubber vulcanizate

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-574
Author(s):  
J. Nwabanne ◽  
P. Igbokwe ◽  
E. Ezeonyebuchi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Loading Ratio

The effect of partial replacement of carbon black by Palmyra palm fiber on the cure characteristics, physico-mechanical and swelling properties of natural rubber vulcanizates was studied. The Palmyra palm fibers were extracted, treated and characterized so as to determine pH, moisture content, and ash content, loss on ignition, conductivity, cellulose, lignin, Hemicellulose, cellulose/lignin ratio and Acid soluble lignin. The functional groups in the Palmyra palm fiber was also determined using FTIR. The Palmyra palm powder with an average particle size of 75 μm was used in this study. The natural rubber/carbon black/Palmyra palm fiber (NR/CB/PPF) composites having eight different loadings, 0/70, 10/60, 20/50, 30/40, 40/30, 50/20, 60/10, 70/0, were prepared using a laboratory size two roll mill. The maximum Torque of NR/CB/PPF composites increased with increasing commercial filler loading ratio. The scorch time and cure time of NR/CB/PPF composites decreased as the ratio of CB loading increased. The tensile strength, modulus of elongation, tear strength and abrasion resistance of all the composites increased as the commercial filler loading ratio increased. This is due to the presence of the commercial filler which gave a better filler interaction. Also this behavior can be attributed to the particle size and surface area of the fillers used as the fillers with small particle size usually have a larger surface area which supports better filler-rubber interaction. The hardness increased as the palmyra palm fiber loading increased. The elongation at break decreases as carbon black filler loading increases except for the composite with CB/PPF ratio of 10/60. The effect of filler loading on the swelling behavior of NR/CB/PPF composites was also investigated in aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Result showed that the composites with more carbon black has less absorption than those with more palmyra palm fiber showing that the compounds with more carbon black has better interaction than those with palmyra palm fiber.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document