Effect of fillers on the metallization of laser-structured polymer parts

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas J. Fischer ◽  
Steve Meister ◽  
Dietmar Drummer
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Matrix Polymer ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inorganic Fillers ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
Molded Interconnect Devices

Abstract Molded interconnect devices offer great potential as a substitute for circuit boards, especially regarding three-dimensional shaping and functional integration. Applying circuits to polymer substrates can be performed by means of LPKF laser direct structuring® (LDS). There, the matrix polymer is filled with a special metal additive, enabling laser activation and subsequent metallization. Important effects emerge from additional inorganic fillers inside the matrix polymer, e.g. the (thermo)mechanical behavior and the processing properties. In this work, the degree to which inorganic fillers affect the quality of metallization is investigated. An increase in the plating thickness was successfully achieved by adding varying amounts of talc platelets (diameter 7 μm) to a PA10T-based copolyamide filled with 4 and 8 wt% LDS additive, in contrast to poor metal deposition adding only LDS additive. Additionally, talc and glass spheres with a diameter of 50 μm were used, leading to unsatisfactory metallization results. To explain this behavior, adhering LDS particles were found on the talc platelets with a diameter of 7 μm on the surface of the laser-structured specimen. The talc platelets and glass spheres of 50 μm were not available in sufficient dimensions on the surface and thus led to worse plating results.

Research on Evaluation and Detection Method of Print Quality Based on the CCD Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Wei Guo Bai ◽  
Chun Li Qiu ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Research On Evaluation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Printed Materials

This paper introduces the use of self-made CCD camera system for acquiring the information of self-made controller strip on specific areas of a printed page. Through mask equation and the conversion model, established by three-dimensional cube and the matrix methods, whose data comes from the transformation of RGB information to XYZ tristimulus value, we can gain the data to test the quality of the printed materials, such as the characteristic colors’ Lab values, dot gain, print contrast, trapping rates, and comparing with the standard, we can also acquire the tutorial information of the trend towards the adjustment of the ink amount in ink zone or the comprehensive evaluation report of the quality of the printed materials. This method proves as an effective approach to the integrated quality assessment for a full-page detection system, and has a bright future of wide application.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Novel Setup for LEDs Lifetime Estimation on Molded Interconnect Devices

Instruments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Soltani ◽  
Moritz Freyburger ◽  
Romit Kulkarni ◽  
Rainer Mohr ◽  
Tobias Groezinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Molded Interconnect Devices

Higher energy efficiency, more compact design, and longer lifetime of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have resulted in increasing their market share in the lighting industry, especially in the industries of consumer electronics, automotive, and general lighting. Due to their robustness and reliability, LEDs have replaced conventional light sources, such as fluorescent lamps. Many studies are examining the reliability of LEDs as such or investigating their long-term behavior on standard printed circuit boards (PCB). However, the thermal performance of LEDs mounted on nonconventional substrates is still not explored enough. An interesting example for this is the molded interconnect devices (MID), which are well known for the great design freedom and the great potential for functional integration. These characteristics not only underline the main abilities of the MID technology, but also present some challenges concerning thermal management. The long-term behavior of LEDs on MID is still quite untapped and this prevents this technology from consolidating its existence. In this context, this work highlights a developed test setup aimed at investigating LEDs, mounted on molded interconnect devices, under combined stress conditions. The results of the reliability study, as well as the resulting lifetime model, are also illustrated and discussed.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

Designing TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) variants that are selective metalloproteinase inhibitors

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Nagase ◽  
Keith Brew
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Ridge Structure ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that play central roles in the degradation of extracellular matrix components. The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is important in the maintenance of tissues, and its disruption affects tissue homoeostasis. Four related TIMPs (TIMP-1 to TIMP-4) can each form a complex with MMPs in a 1:1 stoichiometry with high affinity, but their inhibitory activities towards different MMPs are not particularly selective. The three-dimensional structures of TIMP-MMP complexes reveal that TIMPs have an extended ridge structure that slots into the active site of MMPs. Mutation of three separate residues in the ridge, at positions 2, 4 and 68 in the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal inhibitory domain of TIMP-1 (N-TIMP-1), separately and in combination has produced N-TIMP-1 variants with higher binding affinity and specificity for individual MMPs. TIMP-3 is unique in that it inhibits not only MMPs, but also several ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) and ADAMTS (ADAM with thrombospondin motifs) metalloproteinases. Inhibition of the latter groups of metalloproteinases, as exemplified with ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase 1), requires additional structural elements in TIMP-3 that have not yet been identified. Knowledge of the structural basis of the inhibitory action of TIMPs will facilitate the design of selective TIMP variants for investigating the biological roles of specific MMPs and for developing therapeutic interventions for MMP-associated diseases.

Towards Predicting Relative Belt Edge Endurance With the Finite Element Method

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Eskinazi ◽  
K. Ishihara ◽  
H. Volk ◽  
T. C. Warholic
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Shear Deformations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Element Method

Abstract The paper describes the intention of the authors to determine whether it is possible to predict relative belt edge endurance for radial passenger car tires using the finite element method. Three groups of tires with different belt edge configurations were tested on a fleet test in an attempt to validate predictions from the finite element results. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element analysis was first used to determine if the results from such an analysis, with emphasis on the shear deformations between the belts, could be used to predict a relative ranking for belt edge endurance. It is shown that such an analysis can lead to erroneous conclusions. A three-dimensional analysis in which tires are modeled under free rotation and static vertical loading was performed next. This approach resulted in an improvement in the quality of the correlations. The differences in the predicted values of various stress analysis parameters for the three belt edge configurations are studied and their implication on predicting belt edge endurance is discussed.

3D simulation of emulsion flow using the boundary element method on the heterogeneous computational systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
O.A. Solnyshkina
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element Method ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Problem Size ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Infinite Domains ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
Element Method

In this work the 3D dynamics of two immiscible liquids in unbounded domain at low Reynolds numbers is considered. The numerical method is based on the boundary element method, which is very efficient for simulation of the three-dimensional problems in infinite domains. To accelerate calculations and increase the problem size, a heterogeneous approach to parallelization of the computations on the central (CPU) and graphics (GPU) processors is applied. To accelerate the iterative solver (GMRES) and overcome the limitations associated with the size of the memory of the computation system, the software component of the matrix-vector product

Effect of mechanical restraint on the rate of corrosion in concrete

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hearn ◽  
J Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Mix Design ◽  
Concrete Repair ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion Tests ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Relationship

Experimental work on prismatic concrete specimens was conducted to determine the relationship between mechanical restraint and the rate of corrosion. The current together with the changes in strain of the confining frame were monitored during the accelerated corrosion tests. The effect of mix design and cracking on the corrosion rates was also investigated. The results show that one-dimensional mechanical restraint retards the corrosion process, as indicated by the reduction in the steel loss. Improved quality of the matrix, with and without cracking, reduces the rate of steel loss. In the inferior quality concrete, the effect of cracking on the corrosion rate is minimal.Key words: corrosion, concrete, repair.

scholarly journals Macroporous chitosan/methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) based cryosponges with unique morphology for tissue engineering applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Viness Pillay ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Molecular Stability ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThree-dimensional porous scaffolds are widely employed in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for their ability to carry bioactives and cells; and for their platform properties to allow for bridging-the-gap within an injured tissue. This study describes the effect of various methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) derivatives (mPEG (-OCH3 functionality), mPEG-aldehyde (mPEG-CHO) and mPEG-acetic acid (mPEG-COOH)) on the morphology and physical properties of chemically crosslinked, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), chitosan (CHT)/mPEG blend cryosponges. Physicochemical and molecular characterization revealed that the –CHO and –COOH functional groups in mPEG derivatives interacted with the –NH2 functionality of the chitosan chain. The distinguishing feature of the cryosponges was their unique morphological features such as fringe thread-, pebble-, curved quartz crystal-, crystal flower-; and canyon-like structures. The morphological data was well corroborated by the image processing data and physisorption curves corresponding to Type II isotherm with open hysteresis loops. Functionalization of mPEG had no evident influence on the macro-mechanical properties of the cryosponges but increased the matrix strength as determined by the rheomechanical analyses. The cryosponges were able to deliver bioactives (dexamethasone and curcumin) over 10 days, showed varied matrix degradation profiles, and supported neuronal cells on the matrix surface. In addition, in silico simulations confirmed the compatibility and molecular stability of the CHT/mPEG blend compositions. In conclusion, the study confirmed that significant morphological variations may be induced by minimal functionalization and crosslinking of biomaterials.

Effect of post‐processing treatments on the quality of three‐dimensional printed rice starch constructs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Theagarajan ◽  
Shubham Nimbkar ◽  
Jeyan Arthur Moses ◽  
Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Post Processing
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