The effect of nitric acid (HNO3) treatment on the electrical conductivity and stability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhana Mohd Said ◽  
Shahriar Mufid Rahman ◽  
Bui Duc Long ◽  
Subramanian Balamurugan ◽  
Norhayati Soin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Improved Stability

Abstract In this work, the posttreatment of an organic polymer is performed using an inorganic acid, nitric acid (HNO3). We picked poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the base material and improved its electrical conductivity by acid treatment with different concentrations of HNO3. The acid treatment was able to achieve the optimum electrical conductivity of 197 S/cm, which is 115.5 times higher than the base material when treated with an aqueous solution containing 65% of HNO3. Moreover, the films showed higher transparency in the visible range while conducting Fourier transform infrared analysis. In addition, the treated films showed improved stability against outdoor operating conditions in terms of sheet resistance compared with untreated PEDOT:PSS films. We tried to develop a hypothesis to describe the reason behind the electrical conductivity enhancement by studying the thicknesses of all the samples at different acid concentration levels. The results from atomic force microscopy, the Hall effect, and the trend of film thickness suggest that the conformational change, the removal of excess PSS from the polymer, and the increase in carrier concentration are the reasons behind the improvement in electrical conductivity.

scholarly journals Simultaneous improvement in electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS by N2 pressure-induced nitric acid treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (64) ◽  
pp. 36563-36570 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Thu Zar Myint ◽  
Masaki Hada ◽  
Hirotaka Inoue ◽  
Tatsuki Marui ◽  
Takeshi Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Seebeck Effect ◽  
Te Material

As a thermoelectric (TE) material suited to applications for recycling waste-heat into electricity through the Seebeck effect, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is of great interest.

Effect of Plasma–Nitric Acid Treatment on the Electrical Conductivity of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (7R) ◽  
pp. 075102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Phuong Pham ◽  
Young Woo Jo ◽  
Jong Sik Oh ◽  
Soo Min Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Transparent Conductive Films ◽  
Conductive Films

On the Electrical Conductivity of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Thin Films

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Bhatia ◽  
Kiran Kumari ◽  
Ramandeep Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Conductive Film ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate

Prominent enhancement in the room temperature electrical conductivity of spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films has been achieved after treatment with various acids. The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films could be enhanced from 0.6[Formula: see text]S/cm to over 3300[Formula: see text]S/cm after treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid i.e., by a factor of 5500. It is noteworthy that the conductivity enhancement is nonmonotonic with respect to acid concentration i.e., the magnitude of increase in the conductivity exhibited a strong dependence over the molarity of acids. The possible reason of the conductivity enhancement is the improvement of nanoscale connectivity between the conducting PEDOT chains after acid treatment that results in highly conductive film. The improvement in the nanoscale connectivity is caused due to the loss of PSS from the PEDOT:PSS films after acid treatment that is confirmed through atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

A Highly Crystalline Anthracene-Based MOF-74 Series Featuring Electrical Conductivity and Luminescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Scheurle ◽  
Andre Mähringer ◽  
Andreas Jakowetz ◽  
Pouya Hosseini ◽  
Alexander Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Surface Areas

Recently, a small group of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been discovered featuring substantial charge transport properties and electrical conductivity, hence promising to broaden the scope of potential MOF applications in fields such as batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors. In combination with light emission, electroactive MOFs are intriguing candidates for chemical sensing and optoelectronic applications. Here, we incorporated anthracene-based building blocks into the MOF-74 topology with five different divalent metal ions, that is, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Mn2+, resulting in a series of highly crystalline MOFs, coined ANMOF-74(M). This series of MOFs features substantial photoluminescence, with ANMOF-74(Zn) emitting across the whole visible spectrum. The materials moreover combine this photoluminescence with high surface areas and electrical conductivity. Compared to the original MOF-74 materials constructed from 2,5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid and the same metal ions Zn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Mn2+, we observed a conductivity enhancement of up to six orders of magnitude. Our results point towards the importance of building block design and the careful choice of the embedded MOF topology for obtaining materials with desired properties such as photoluminescence and electrical conductivity.

UNITEMP HX

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract Unitemp-HX is a nickel-base material recommended for high temperature applications. It has outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures under most operating conditions, and good high-temperature strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-91. Producer or source: Universal Cyclops Steel Corporation.

scholarly journals Sigmoidal Dependence of Electrical Conductivity of Thin PEDOT:PSS Films on Concentration of Linear Glycols as a Processing Additive

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Hyeok Jo Jeong ◽  
Hong Jang ◽  
Taemin Kim ◽  
Taeshik Earmme ◽  
Felix Sunjoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate

We investigate the sigmoidal concentration dependence of electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) processed with linear glycol-based additives such as ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), hexaethylene glycol (HEG), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). We observe that a sharp transition of conductivity occurs at the additive concentration of ~0.6 wt.%. EG, DEG, and TEG are effective in conductivity enhancement, showing the saturation conductivities of 271.8, 325.4, and 326.2 S/cm, respectively. Optical transmittance and photoelectron spectroscopic features are rather invariant when the glycols are used as an additive. Two different figures of merit, calculated from both sheet resistance and optical transmittance to describe the performance of the transparent electrodes, indicate that both DEG and TEG are two most effective additives among the series in fabrication of transparent electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS films with a thickness of ~50–60 nm.

A Study of Surface Modification on Adsorption Behaviors of Nanoporous Carbon

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeoung Ku Kim ◽  
Young Seak Lee ◽  
Seung Kon Ryu ◽  
Byung Joo Kim ◽  
Soo Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Adsorption Amount ◽  
Polar Functional Groups

In this work, to introduce polar functional groups on carbon surfaces, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were treated by nitric acid in order to enhance the adsorption capacity of propylamine which was one of toxic gases in cigarette smoke. It was found that the polar functional groups were predominantly increased up to 2.0 M of nitric acid, resulting in the increase of total surface acidity. It was found that the adsorption amount of propylamine of the modified ACFs was increased around 17% after a nitric acid treatment. From the XPS results, it was observed that propylamine was reacted with strong or weak polar (acidic) groups, such as COOH, -COO or OH existed on the ACF surfaces.

Improvement in electrochemical capacitance of activated carbon from scrap tires by nitric acid treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Han ◽  
Ping-Ping Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Ting Dong ◽  
Cui Zhang ◽  
Shuang-Xi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitance ◽  
Scrap Tires
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