Urinary incontinence prevalence in the day-by-day life and during sports practice in volleyball athletes: a systematic review

Physiotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele da Silva Pereira ◽  
Alessandro Haupenthal ◽  
Karoline Sousa Scarabelot ◽  
Paula Ferrarezi Brunazo ◽  
Iohana Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Female Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Methodological Evaluation

AbstractUrinary incontinence (UI) is perceived as a problem that affects older and multiparous women. However, recent studies report that involuntary loss of urine also affects athletes, young and nulliparous. There is controversy over the role of exercise in UI. Thus the purpose of the review is to describe and evaluate scientific evidence concerning the prevalence of UI in female volleyball athletes.The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The selected databases were PubMed, LILACS, PEDro, Medline, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. The searches were performed between December 2016 and January 2017. The descriptors and Boolean operators used in the search were as follows: ‘urinary incontinence AND athletes AND volleyball.’ After peer evaluation, 47 studies were identified, and 6 articles were selected for review. The methodological evaluation was based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).The review identified the UI prevalence of 9–30% during sports practice and 17–18% in the day-by-day life. Practising physical exercise of high impact appears to be a causing factor of UI in women.Practising volleyball in the female population can be an important UI risk factor. Owing to the high prevalence of UI, coaches and athletes must be aware of the importance of training the pelvic floor muscles simultaneously with the sports practice.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, MITOCHONDRIA AND DIET THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Joyeta Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Day By Day

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is dened as one chronic disease of central nervous system with neurodegenerative and inammatory components, where most of the patients shown a relapsingremitting course dened by the acute inception of focal neurologic decits and consistent focal inammatory changes visible on MRI. The causal factor of this complicated autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease is still unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the key contributor to the neurodegenerative process of this disease. The current review signies the possible potential role of mitochondria in MS and the different dietary approach as a disease modier with the special emphasis on mitochondrial function and neurodegenerations.Research regarding therapeutic implementation of different diet in MS is advancing day by day; but currently remains with limited data. Few studies have been intended with meticulously collected observations, and the very few clinical trials that have been executed with insufcient sample size or length to adequately assess efcacy. More epidemiological and observational studies on dietary implementations were required

scholarly journals Obesity and dental caries: systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Ana Maria Baptista Menezes ◽  
Flavio Fernando Demarco ◽  
Fabiana Vargas-Ferreira ◽  
Marco Aurelio Peres
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Inverse Association

OBJECTIVE Identifying, through a systematic literature review, evidence of a possible association between obesity and dental caries. METHODS A search of articles published between 2005 and January 2012 was performed in the Medline/PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The quality of scientific evidence of the selected articles was assessed by the items proposed for observational studies in the Downs & Black instrument. RESULTS Initially, 537 references were found; after checking the titles and abstracts by two independent researchers, twenty-eight articles were selected for complete reading. Ten of them that assessed the primary and/or permanent dentition observed a positive association between obesity and dental caries and one study found an inverse association. According to the Downs & Black classification, thirteen articles with good scientific evidence were found. CONCLUSIONS The present review did not find sufficient evidence regarding the association between obesity and dental caries, and it did not clarify the possible role of diet and other possible effect modifiers on this association.

O-215 How common is add-on use and how do patients decide whether to use them? A national survey of IVF patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lensen ◽  
K Hammarberg ◽  
A Polyakov ◽  
J Wilkinson ◽  
S Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Oocyte Donation ◽  
Patient Recall ◽  
Effectiveness Factors ◽  
Ivf Failure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number

Abstract Study question How common is IVF add-on use in Australia, and what drives the use? Summary answer Most women (82%) had used one or more IVF add-ons and more than half (54%) first learned about the add-ons from their fertility specialist. What is known already IVF add-ons are procedures, techniques or medicines which may be considered nonessential to IVF, usually used in attempts to improve the probability of conception and live birth. Despite widespread concern about unproven IVF add-ons, information about the prevalence of their use is limited because these data are not available in national registries or datasets. Study design, size, duration Women who had undergone IVF in Australia since 2017 were recruited via social media. Women were excluded if they were gestational surrogates, had used a surrogate, or underwent IVF for oocyte donation or elective oocyte cryopreservation only. Eligible women completed an online survey which was open from 21st June to 14th July 2020. Participants/materials, setting, methods Survey questions included demographics, IVF and medical history, and questions specifically about IVF add-ons such as: the type of add-ons used, information sources consulted, and where participants first heard about add-ons. Women also responded to questions about the importance of scientific evidence regarding safety and effectiveness, factors considered in decision-making around add-on use and the presence of any decision regret. Main results and the role of chance A total of 1,590 responses were analyzed after excluding 287 ineligible responses. Participants were generally representative of women who undergo IVF in Australia in terms of age, indication for IVF, and use of ICSI for fertilisation. Most women had used at least one add-on (82%), and these were usually associated with an additional fee (72%). It was most common to first learn about IVF add-ons from the fertility specialist (54%), and most women reported that they and their specialist contributed equally to the decision to use add-ons. Women viewed scientific evidence for safety and effectiveness as very important on a scale from 0-100, an importance score over 90 was selected by more than half of the participants. Additionally, many (49%) assumed that add-ons were risk-free. Most women experienced regret at the decision to use IVF add-ons (66%), and this regret was greatest among women who experienced IVF failure when using add-ons (83%) and those who believed that the specialist drove the decision to use the add-ons (75%). Limitations, reasons for caution This was a retrospective survey of IVF patients, therefore it may suffer from bias due to patient recall. It does not consider the perspective of the IVF clinic or fertility specialist. Certain questions may be more prone to biased responses, such as those regarding who contributed to decision making. Wider implications of the findings The high prevalence of add-on use is likely generalizable to other settings where IVF treatment is largely private. Although women viewed scientific evidence as very important, most had used unproven IVF add-ons. This might suggest that women were not aware of the lack of robust evidence to support their use. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Perspective: The Role of Beverages as a Source of Nutrients and Phytonutrients

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario G Ferruzzi ◽  
Jirayu Tanprasertsuk ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Connie M Weaver ◽  
Elizabeth J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutrition advice for Americans >2 y of age. The 2020–2025 DGA proposes a life stage approach, focusing on birth through older adulthood. Limited recommendations for beverages exist except for milk, 100% fruit juice, and alcohol. The goal of this article is to provide a better understanding of the role of beverages in the diet using current scientific evidence. A Medline search of observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses was undertaken using key beverage words. We highlight the role beverages can play as a part of the DGA and considered beverages not traditionally included, such as those that are phytonutrient dense. Our primary consideration for beverage consumption targeted healthy Americans aged ≥2 y. However, with the proposed expansion to the life span for the 2020–2025 DGA, we also reviewed evidence for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 mo. Examples are provided on how minor changes in beverage choices aid in meeting recommended intakes of certain nutrients. Guidance on beverage consumption may aid in development of better consumer products to meet broader dietary advice. For example, beverage products that are nutrient/phytonutrient dense and lower in sugar could be developed as alternatives to 100% juice to help meet the fruit and vegetable guidelines. Although beverages are not meant to replace foods, e.g., it is difficult to meet the requirements for vitamin E, dietary fiber, or essential fatty acids through beverages alone, beverages are important sources of nutrients and phytonutrients, phenolic acids and flavonoids in particular. When considering the micronutrients from diet alone, mean intakes of calcium (in women), potassium, and vitamins A, C, and D are below recommendations and sodium intakes are well above. Careful beverage choices could close these gaps and be considered a part of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals The Role of Decaffeinated Coffee in Reducing the Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Nurheni Sri Palupi ◽  
Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Meta Analyses

Hypertension or increased blood pressure is a degenerative disease with a high prevalence, as well as the biggest cause of premature death in the world. Meanwhile, coffee is a popular and most consumed beverage around the world. Coffee can harm some people with certain health problems including hypertension due to its caffeine content. Decaffeinated coffee is known to be an alternative for people with hypertension with reduced caffeine content up to 97%. However, studies on the role of decaffeinated coffee in reducing the risk of hypertension are still varied indicating that a systematic review is needed. Hence, this study summarizes the evidence related to the role of decaffeinated coffee in reducing the risk of hypertension by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The inclusion criteria for scientific journals were determined based on Participants, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO). The search using boolean operation resulted in 13 research articles for data extraction. The result revealed that decaffeinated coffee could decrease or did not give any effect on blood pressure or another biological hypertension marker compared to regular coffee.

scholarly journals A fresh look at the role of spiramycin in preventing a neglected disease: meta-analyses of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Montoya ◽  
Katherine Laessig ◽  
Mir Sohail Fazeli ◽  
Gaye Siliman ◽  
Sophie S. Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Antepartum Treatment ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Purpose We aimed to investigate the effect of antepartum treatment with spiramycin with or without subsequent pyrimethamine–sulfonamide–folinic acid, compared to no treatment, on the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and incidence/severity of sequelae in the offspring. Methods Embase and PubMed were searched for literature on spiramycin in pregnant women suspected/diagnosed with T. gondii infection. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model. Results Thirty-three studies (32 cohorts and 1 cross-sectional study), with a total of 15,406 mothers and 15,250 offspring, were pooled for analyses. The MTCT rate for all treated patients was significantly lower than the untreated [19.5% (95% CI 14–25.5%) versus 50.7% (95% CI 31.2–70%), p < 0.001]. The transmission rate in patients on spiramycin monotherapy was also significantly lower than untreated [17.6% (95% CI 9.9–26.8%) versus 50.7% (95% CI 31.2–70%), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Results indicate significant reduction in MTCT rates following spiramycin treatment of suspected/diagnosed maternal T. gondii infection.

Scaphoid nonunion: what is the role of the Zaidemberg 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular arterial flap?

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Henry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Meta Analyses

The reported results for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions with non-vascularized grafts are based on observational studies with a high variability in union rates from 38%–100% and time to union from 6–18 weeks, and there is also a lack of a standard classification. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have been presented to better support conclusions from large pools of data (604 to 5246 cases), but their interpretation remains limited because of lack of uniformity in the studies analysed. Several authors have presented results from the Zaidemburg flap, with highly variable outcomes despite using the same technique; union rates have ranged from 27%–100% achieved between 6.5–19 weeks. Technical details that may be responsible for the discrepancies are discussed. There is a need for a validated prognostic classification system for scaphoid nonunions that can allow comparisons between outcome studies.

scholarly journals 377. Diabetes as a prognostic factor for mortality in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 18,506 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S258-S258
Author(s):  
Natalia Chamorro-Pareja ◽  
Dimitrios Karamanis ◽  
Phaedon D Zavras ◽  
Weijia Li ◽  
Priyanka Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Egger Test

Abstract Background Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Infectious diseases are more common and associated with worse outcomes among diabetics. Diabetes is considered a predictor of morbidity in patients with COVID-19. Methods Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and medRxiv were systematically reviewed up to May 10th, 2020 for observational studies on diabetic adult populations hospitalized for COVID-19 and that assessed possible correlation between diabetes and mortality. A meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Heterogeneity among trials for each outcome was assessed with the I-squared test. Values &lt; 25% indicated low, 25 to 70% moderate, and &gt; 70% high heterogeneity. Egger test and funnel plots were used to assess for publication bias. Results Fourteen observational studies (12 retrospective and 2 prospective) met the prespecified criteria for inclusion in the analysis, including 18,506 patients (43% women): 3,713 diabetics (DM group) and 14,793 non-diabetics (no-DM group). The mean or median age was above 60 years in 12 studies. DM group had a higher risk of death compared to the no-DM group, heterogeneity was significant (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.35–1.96; I2 77.4%). Sensitivity analysis for US studies only also revealed a higher chance of death among the DM group (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04–1.85; I2 73.7%). Conclusion In conclusion, death was 65% more likely among diabetic inpatients compared to non-diabetics. Further studies are needed to assess whether this association is independent or not, and to investigate to role of glucose control prior or during the disease. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Vitamin B12, Folate, Homocysteine, and Bone Health in Adults and Elderly People: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van Wijngaarden ◽  
E. L. Doets ◽  
A. Szczecińska ◽  
O. W. Souverein ◽  
M. E. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Meta Analyses

Elevated homocysteine levels and low vitamin B12and folate levels have been associated with deteriorated bone health. This systematic literature review with dose-response meta-analyses summarizes the available scientific evidence on associations of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine status with fractures and bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-seven eligible cross-sectional (n=14) and prospective (n=13) observational studies and one RCT were identified. Meta-analysis on four prospective studies including 7475 people showed a modest decrease in fracture risk of 4% per 50 pmol/L increase in vitamin B12levels, which was borderline significant (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.00). Meta-analysis of eight studies including 11511 people showed an increased fracture risk of 4% perμmol/L increase in homocysteine concentration (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.07). We could not draw a conclusion regarding folate levels and fracture risk, as too few studies investigated this association. Meta-analyses regarding vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels, and BMD were possible in female populations only and showed no associations. Results from studies regarding BMD that could not be included in the meta-analyses were not univocal.

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