scholarly journals Depiction and analysis of a modified theta shaped double negative metamaterial for satellite application

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Jubaer Alam ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽  
Taya Allen ◽  
Sabirin Abdullah ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Negative Refraction ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Metamaterial Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Array Structures

Abstract In this article, a modified Theta shaped, compact double negative metamaterial structure is designed and presented for satellite communication. Two oppositely faced E-shaped resonators are connected with the substantial Theta to complete the structure. A low profile dielectric substrate FR-4 is used to design the 9 × 9 mm2 unit cell which has a succinct structure where the attainment of the resonator is explored both integrally and experimentally. The proposed metamaterial has a transmission coefficient of 13 GHz (bandwidth) with a 500 MHz band gap at the middle. A correlation is made between the basic unit-cell and array structures, and a comparison is shown among 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 array structures with 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 unit-cell configurations to validate the performance of the proposed metamaterial. It has also been observed by the Nicolson–Ross–Weir approach at the resonating frequencies. The effective electromagnetic parameters retrieved from the simulation of the S-parameters imply that the metamaterial structure shows negative refraction bands. The structure shows negative permittivity at 2.60 to 5.16 GHz, 6.63 to 9.31 GHz and 13.03 to 16.18 GHz and negative permeability at 7.74 to 13.07 GHz and 13.88 to 16.55 GHz, respectively. It exhibits double-negative phenomena at X and Ku bands with a frequency range of about 1.17 GHz (8.14 – 9.31 GHz) and 1.42 GHz (13.80 – 15.22 GHz), respectively. Having an auspicious design and wide range double negative characteristics, this structure can be applied to satellite communication.

Depiction and analysis of a modified H-shaped double-negative meta atom for satellite communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Jubaer Alam ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽  
Rezaul Azim ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Array Structures

AbstractA modified H-shaped metamaterial is imparted in this paper that has a multiple band coverage for reflection and transmission coefficient. The proposed structure exhibits triple band coverage for the permittivity and permeability. Two split ring resonators (SRR) are connected with the substantial H-shaped structure. The 12 × 12 mm2 structure has been printed on FR-4 and a correlation is made between the basic unit-cell and array structures. A comparison is made among 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 array structures with 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 unit-cell configurations to validate the performance of the proposed metamaterial. A great transmission coefficient having a band of 13 GHz with a 500 MHz band gap in the middle is demonstrated for all of these configurations. The effective parameters of the resonators cover C, X, and Ku bands independently with double-negative phenomena at X and Ku bands with a frequency range of about 2.5 GHz. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the unit cell are obtained by CST microwave studio. Having an auspicious design and wide range double-negative characteristics, this structure can be applied to satellite communication.

scholarly journals Resonance Characteristics and Effective Parameters of New Left Hand Metamaterial

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Rajni Rajni ◽  
Anupma Marwaha
Keyword(s):  
Negative Refraction ◽  
New Left ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Negative Permeability ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Electric Conduction ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Material Parameters

It is essential to alter effective electromagnetic parameters of a material to enhance its response. In the present work, we propose a novel Left Hand Metamaterial (LHM) structure comprising dual turn spiral resonator (DTSR) and capacitance loaded strips (CLS). This structure is numerically explored to examine the resonance and effective material parameters i.e. permeability and permittivity. The negative refraction in the unit cell is confirmed with identification of double negative region (negative permittivity, ε and negative permeability, µ ) on placing the unit cell in a waveguide with well defined Perfect Electric Conduction/Perfect Magnetic Conduction boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Modified Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator Based on an Epsilon-Negative Metamaterial for Triple-Band Satellite Communication

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Salah Uddin Afsar ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽  
Mohammad Jakir Hossain ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
Hamid Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Metal Strip ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Triple Band

A triple-band epsilon-negative (ENG) metamaterial based on a split ring resonator (SSR) with a modified hexagonal-shaped metal strip proposed in this study is a new combination of a single slit square resonator and a modified hexagonal-shaped metal strip. The desired unit cell FR-4 (lossy) that was selected as the substrate was 1.6 mm thick. Following the assessment of the unit cell, a high-frequency electromagnetic simulator like the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio was applied to assess the S-parameters. The proposed design exhibited resonance at 2.89, 9.42, and 15.16 GHz. The unit cell also demonstrated negative permittivity in the frequency ranges 2.912–3.728 GHz, 9.552–10.144 GHz, and 15.216–17.328 GHz, along with a negative refractive index. An effective medium ratio (EMR) of 11.53 is an indicator of the goodness of the metamaterial unit cell. It is deliberate at the lowermost resonance frequency of 2.89 GHz. Moreover, the simulated results that were validated using HFSS and equivalent circuit model indicated slight variations. The proposed design was finalised based on several parametric studies, including design optimisation, different unit cell sizes, various substrate materials, and different electromagnetic (EM) field propagations. The proposed triple band (S, X, and Ku bands) negative permittivity metamaterial unit cell can be utilised for various wireless applications, such as microwave communication, satellite communication, and long-distance radio communication.

scholarly journals Wideband Negative Permittivity and Double Negative Fishnet-Mushroom-Like Metamaterial in X-Band Waveguide

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahmood ◽  
Golge Ogucu Yetkin ◽  
Cumali Sabah
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Negative Permeability ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Electromagnetic Band Gap ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
X Band ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
Good Agreement

A Fishnet-Mushroom-like metamaterial electromagnetic behaviour is represented in S-parameters numerically and experimentally for X-band frequencies arena. The design has introduced a dielectric substrate as a host with metallic parts. The proposed design is predicted to provide the electromagnetic band gap characterization with desired reiterative characteristic parameters, negative permittivity, and negative permeability exhibiting a double negative left-handed region, which is identified with the X-band regime with good agreement between the simulated and the measured results.

An octagonal split ring resonator-based double negative metamaterial for S-, X- and Ku-band applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110171
Author(s):  
Ismatul N Idrus ◽  
Mohammad RI Faruque ◽  
Sabirin Abdullah ◽  
Mohammad T Islam ◽  
Mayeen U Khandaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
X Band ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Ku Band

This study aimed to produce a miniaturised double negative metamaterial with a lower resonance frequency. Therefore, a new combination of a multi-circular ring connected with octagonal shape ring metamaterial was developed on a 9 × 9 mm2 dielectric substrate material with a thickness of 1.6 mm, named the Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4). While the selected frequency ranged between 0 and 18 GHz for the unit and array metamaterial design. Numerical simulation was used for the design and analysis of the proposed metamaterial. A few analysis were performed to validate the performance of the new design including the analyses of the different dimensions of the substrate and varying widths of the split gaps. The proposed design structure manifested resonance frequencies at S, X and Ku-bands. The resonance frequency at S-band (3.31 GHz) and X-band (8.60 GHz) presented double-negative (DNG) metamaterial behaviour while X-band (11.93 GHz) and Ku-band (12.99 GHz) presented single-negative (SNG) medium characteristics. The simulation and measured results almost coincided with each other. The compactness of the proposed design was proven by the effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.07. In conclusion, the miniaturised structure can be accredited for satellite communication and radar applications.

scholarly journals Modified double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator-based negative permittivity metamaterial for satellite communications with high effective medium ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Bellal Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽  
Sikder Sunbeam Islam ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Split Ring

AbstractMetamaterial with negative permittivity demonstrate excellent performance in cutting-edge technology. Thus, this study modified the double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator (MDD-SRR) based negative permittivity for satellite communications. The proposed MDD-SRR unit cell comprises a square-shaped split-ring resonator and two dumbbell-shaped rings. Some parts of the outer square ring were extended to enlarge the electrical length which altered the inductance of the metamaterial unit cell. The dimension of the proposed unit cell is 9 × 9 × 1.524 mm3, fabricated on a Rogers RT6002 (lossy) substrate material. Based on the results, five resonances for the transmission coefficient were achieved at frequencies of 2.896 GHz, 8.11 GHz, 9.76 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 13.49 GHz, including the S, X and Ku band satellite communication frequency bands through numerical simulation in a high-frequency electromagnetic simulator Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. Negative permittivity at frequencies ranging from 2.896–3.76 GHz, 8.11–8.592 GHz, 9.76–10.784 GHz, 12.496–12.768 GHz, 13.504–14.4 GHz, were observed and extracted using the Robust and Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) methods. Meanwhile, an effective medium ratio (EMR) measured at 11.51 to 2.896 GHz specified the goodness of the metamaterial unit cell for satellite communication with higher bandwidth and gain. The simulated, circuit model and measured results that were compared for validation purposes indicated that the simulation results, the equivalent circuit model results and measured results occupied each other. Moreover, the numerical simulation of the double dumbbell-shaped metamaterial unit cell was performed using a High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to confirm the results. To evaluate the parametric study, the proposed unit cell was subjected to change different substrate types, change of split gap of rings, change of direction of electromagnetic field propagation, and structural optimization. In conclusion, the S, X and Ku-bands in the proposed metamaterial are competent for satellite communications as they are also investigated using an array of a unit cell.

A New Double Negative Metamaterial for C-Band Microwave Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunbeam Islam Sikder ◽  
Rashed Iqbal Faruque Mohammad ◽  
Tariqul Islam Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Negative Permeability ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Electromagnetic Structure ◽  
Transmission Parameters

Metamaterials are artificial materials that show extra ordinary electromagnetic properties which are not available in nature. It has opened a new era in the field of material science. It can be defined as an exotic electromagnetic structure that may show both negative permittivity and negative permeability simultaneously within a frequency range. Metamaterials with simultaneous negative permeability and permittivity are called Double Negative Metamaterials (DNG). In this paper, a new metamaterial unit cell structure has been proposed that exhibits resonance within frequency of C-band and shows a negative permeability and permittivity at that resonant frequency. In the proposed structure, two separate split ring resonators and a metallic bar has been used. A commercially available simulation software CST Microwave Studio has been used to get the reflection and transmission parameters for the unit cell.

scholarly journals Realization of frequency hopping characteristics of an epsilon negative metamaterial with high effective medium ratio for multiband microwave applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Touhidul Alam ◽  
Md Samsuzzaman ◽  
Qutaiba A. Razouqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Design System ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Meander Line

AbstractIn this paper, a meander-lines-based epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial (MTM) with a high effective medium ratio (EMR) and near-zero refractive index (NZI) is designed and investigated for multiband microwave applications. The metamaterial unit cell is a modification of the conventional square split-ring resonator in which the meander line concept is utilized. The meander line helps to increase the electrical length of the rings and provides strong multiple resonances within a small dimension. The unit cell of proposed MTM is initiated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of 1.5 mm thick and electrical dimension of 0.06λ × 0.06λ, where wavelength, λ is calculated at the lowest resonance frequency (2.48 GHz). The MTM provides four major resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) at 2.48, 4.28, 9.36, and 13.7 GHz covering S, C, X, and Ku bands. It shows negative permittivity, near-zero permeability, and near-zero refractive index in the vicinity of these resonances. The equivalent circuit is designed and modeled in Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The simulated S21 of the MTM unit cell is compared with the measured one and both show close similarity. The array performance of the MTM is also evaluated by using 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 8 × 8 arrays that show close resemblance with the unit cell. The MTM offers a high effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.1, indicating the design's compactness. The frequency hopping characteristics of the proposed MTM is investigated by open and short-circuited the three outer rings split gaps by using three switches. Eight different combinations of the switching states provide eight different sets of multiband resonances within 2–18 GHz; those give the flexibility of using the proposed MTM operating in various frequency bands. For its small dimension, NZI, high EMR, and frequency hopping characteristics through switching, this metamaterial can be utilized for multiband microwave applications, especially to enhance the gain of multiband antennas.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Compressive Behavior of a Micro-Lattice Composite by High Resolution DLP Stereolithography

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Chow Shing Shin ◽  
Yu Chia Chang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Unit Cell Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Lattice structures are superior to stochastic foams in mechanical properties and are finding increasing applications. Their properties can be tailored in a wide range through adjusting the design and dimensions of the unit cell, changing the constituent materials as well as forming into hierarchical structures. In order to achieve more levels of hierarchy, the dimensions of the fundamental lattice have to be small enough. Although lattice size of several microns can be fabricated using the two-photon polymerization technique, sophisticated and costly equipment is required. To balance cost and performance, a low-cost high resolution micro-stereolithographic system has been developed in this work based on a commercial digital light processing (DLP) projector. Unit cell lengths as small as 100 μm have been successfully fabricated. Decreasing the unit cell size from 150 to 100 μm increased the compressive stiffness by 26%. Different pretreatments to facilitate the electroless plating of nickel on the lattice structure have been attempted. A pretreatment of dip coating in a graphene suspension is the most successful and increased the strength and stiffness by 5.3 and 3.6 times, respectively. Even a very light and incomplete nickel plating in the interior has increase the structural stiffness and strength by more than twofold.

A compact CPW-fed monopole antenna for multi-band application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
YunYan Zhou ◽  
NianShun Zhao ◽  
RenXia Ning ◽  
Jie Bao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Compact Size

Abstract A compact coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of three monopole branches. In order to achieve the miniaturization, the longest branch was bent. The antenna is printed on an FR4 dielectric substrate, having a compact size of 0.144λ0 × 0.105λ0 × 0.003λ0 at its lowest resonant frequency of 900 MHz. The multiband antenna covers five frequency bands: 820–990 MHz, 1.87–2.08 GHz, 2.37–2.93 GHz, 3.98–4.27 GHz, and 5.47–8.9 GHz, which covers the entire radio frequency identification bands (860–960 MHz, 2.4–2.48 GHz, and 5.725–5.875 GHz), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) bands (890–960 MHz and 1.850–1.990 GHz), WLAN bands (2.4–2.484 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz), WiMAX band (2.5–2.69 GHz), X-band satellite communication systems (7.25–7.75 GHz and 7.9–8.4 GHz), and sub 6 GHz in 5G mobile communication system (3.3–4.2 GHz and 4.4–5.0 GHz). Also, the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the operating band, which is nearly omnidirectional. Both the simulated and experimental results are presented and compared and a good agreement is established. The proposed antenna operates in five frequency bands with high gain and good radiation characteristics, which make it a suitable candidate in terminal devices with multiple communication standards.

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