A corpus and lexical analysis of the Spanish idiom a conciencia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén López Meirama
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Initial Approach ◽  
Frequency Of Use

AbstractThe aim of this study is to make a detailed description of the polysemic structure of the phraseme a conciencia. The methodology is based on an understanding of lexical semantics including the parameter of frequency of use in corpora (see Sinclair 1991), with data drawn from Corpus del Espanol del Siglo XXI (CORPES XXI). I will first discuss briefly certain issues relating to polysemy that will arise in the analysis; second, I will make an initial approach to the meaning of a conciencia based on lexicographic information, to be followed by a presentation of the corpus analysis itself. Finally, I will consider the semantic study of this particular phraseme by considering its combinability as seen in the contexts studied. In the conclusions I will try to show the internal structure of the form.

The Structure of the Lexicon

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Salmons
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Lexical Structure

Data from language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and diachronic studies have all shown that the lexicon has a clear internal structure, which includes relationships among lexical items based on phonetic and phonological characteristics, semantic features, morphology, and frequency of use. In the absence, however, of direct evidence from grammar, such lexical structure has even recently been deemed irrelevant to linguistic theory. In this paper, I use evidence from German grammar, specifically gender assignment, to support a model of lexical structure like that proposed particularly within Natural Morphology. German gender assignment has been shown to be largely predictable on the basis of phonological shape (e.g. final and initial segments or clusters), semantic features, and morphological features — all factors considered to be part of the lexicon's internal structure by Bybee and others. In this way gender assignment reflects lexical structure. Moreover, frequently used vocabulary tends to violate such rules, as Bybee's view of lexical structure would predict. By so doing, German grammar exploits almost exactly the structure of the lexicon which has been proposed based on data from areas other than grammar in its narrow sense.

scholarly journals Paradigmatic and syntagmatic effects in Estonian spontaneous speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidi Lõo ◽  
Fabian Tomaschek ◽  
Pärtel Lippus ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
System P ◽  
Morphological Family

Recent evidence has indicated that a word's morphological family and inflectional paradigm members get activated when we produce words. These paradigmatic effects have previously been studied in careful, laboratory context using words in isolation. This previous research has not investigated how the linguistic context affects spontaneous speech production. The current corpus analysis investigates paradigmatic and syntagmatic effects in Estonian spontaneous speech. Following related work on English, we focus on morphemic and non-morphemic word final /-s/ in content words. We report that linguistic context, as measured by conditional probability, has the strongest effect on the acoustic durations, while inflectional properties (internal structure and inflectional paradigm size) also affect word and segment durations. These results indicate that morphology is part of a complex system that interacts with other aspects of the language production system.

The discourse connector list: a multi-genre cross-cultural corpus analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Rezvani Kalajahi ◽  
Steve Neufeld ◽  
Ain Nadzimah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
American English ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Frequency Of Use

AbstractThis study examines the linguistic feature known as discourse connector using a corpus-informed approach. The study applies a taxonomy which classifies and describes 632 discourse connectors in eight broad classes with 17 categories. The frequency of use of each discourse connector listed was analyzed in the three different registers of spoken, non-academic and academic English in the two different cultural contexts of British and American English. The resulting data on discourse connector frequency were compiled in a database and processed with various statistical formulae to highlight multi-register and cross-cultural differences and similarities of use of each discourse connector. An interpretation of the use of this database, which is free to download and use, is included in the study as well as a discussion of the results and the potential for use as a research and pedagogical tool.

Thematic Relations and the Semantic Representation of Verbs Expressing Change

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk J. Verkuyl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Source Position ◽  
Thematic Relations ◽  
Temporal Intervals

The main purpose of this paper is to show that the system of thematic relations used in transformational (lexical) semantics to organize the semantic representation, is of great importance to both linguists and psycholinguists. The thematic analysis, developed by Gruber and recently elaborated by Jackendoff, amounts to claiming that with every verb expressing change a thematic kernel pattern can-be associated consisting of the semantic functions Theme, Source, Goal and Path. The Theme "travels" from a certain Source-position to a Goal-position, moving along a Path. It is proposed here that the semantic functions Theme, Source and Goal are analyzed in terms of a CHANGE-predication, consisting of a two-place predicate CHANGE and two arguments, namely a Source-proposition and a Goal-proposition. Both propositions are structurally similar AT-predications, where AT is taken as a two-place predicate whose first argument pertains to the Theme. The second argument \ of AT in both Source-and Goal-proposition consists of an ordered pair of times and spatial positions. The notion 'Path of a movement expressed by a verb' is taken as a function from temporal intervals to spatial positions. The notion 'Path of the Theme' is ultimately defined in terms of the above-mentioned AT-predication. On the basis of the notions developed with respect to the thematic kernel pattern, it is possible to exactly characterize information concerning the internal structure of the Path of a Theme, concerning repetition of movements and finally information concerning the medium. H. Clark's notion of P-Space is modified in such a way that more abstract kinds of movement can be taken into account.

scholarly journals Le parole delle politiche linguistiche dell’Unione Europea Spunti per un’analisi lessicale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gallina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Frequency Of Use

The aim of the paper is to analyse the language policies of the European Union through a lexical analysis of documents concerning languages and education. On the basis of the lexical use within EU documents, how are languages conceptualised and how do linguistic and educational concepts evolve? A corpus of EU documents has been collected and analysed to research the frequency of use of words, concordances, and keywords. The focus is on the multiple ways used to refer to the concept of language in documents published over different decades.

Contextual Dependency and Lexical Sets

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Contextual Dependency ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Significant Patterns

Preliminary findings from corpus analysis suggest that the semantics of each verb in the language are determined by the totality of its complementation patterns. Accurate description of those patterns requires a level of analytic delicacy which was not possible until the advent of large bodies of data, along with techniques for distinguishing significant patterns from mere noise. Such analysis is in its infancy, but it is already clear that, in order to analyse the semantics of verbs empirically, it is necessary to identify typical subjects, objects, and adverbials and to group individual lexical items into sets within those clause roles. The nature of lexical sets is discussed and an attempt is made to indicate the range of semantic and syntactic phenomena likely to be encountered in lexical analysis of this kind.

scholarly journals The Meaning of Pluperfect: Lexical and Grammatical Semantics

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
T. E. Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Point Of Reference

The paper is aimed at the analysis of expressing the meaning ‘long ago’ or the meaning of pluperfect. In the meaning of ‘long ago’ the Russian word davno is the focus of a sentence. Meanwhile, if an event began long ago and is taking place at the time of reference (for instance, at the moment of speech), such context does not require davno to function as the focus. At present, the hypothesis was verified on the spoken corpora material. The key to the analysis is the prosody of the focus. On the whole, the hypothesis appeared to be true. At the same time, it acquired some substantial corrections. If earlier it was presumed that the context of pluperfect arises from the combination of davno and the aspectual forms of a verb, at present, the corpus analysis has revealed the third factor: it is the lexical semantics of the verb. The corpus analysis shows that the verbs of information transfer and the verbs in the negative can recover the connection of the past events with the point of reference. This meaning, in its turn, can cause the loss of the invariable focal function of davno in the context of the general factual in the past.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

The internal structure of medullated wool

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Leo Barish
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Wool Fiber ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Thin Skin ◽  
Air Pockets

Although most of the wool used today consists of fine, unmedullated down-type fibers, a great deal of coarse wool is used for carpets, tweeds, industrial fabrics, etc. Besides the obvious diameter difference, coarse wool fibers are often medullated.Medullation may be easily observed using bright field light microscopy. Fig. 1A shows a typical fine diameter nonmedullated wool fiber, Fig. IB illustrates a coarse fiber with a large medulla. The opacity of the medulla is due to the inability of the mounting media to penetrate to the center of the fiber leaving air pockets. Fig. 1C shows an even thicker fiber with a very large medulla and with very thin skin. This type of wool is called “Kemp”, is shed annually or more often, and corresponds to guard hair in fur-bearing animals.

The initial approach to a chemical and nuclear terrorism event

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J LEIKIN ◽  
R MCFEE ◽  
F WALTER ◽  
R THOMAS ◽  
K EDSALL
Keyword(s):  
Initial Approach ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism
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