Box-Behnken experimental design for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kirboga ◽  
Mualla Öner ◽  
Ozlem Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer

Abstract Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was synthesized by means of ultrasonic process in the presence of the water-soluble polymer carboxymethyl inulin (CMI). Synthesized CaCO3 crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) isotherm. Applying Box-Behnken experimental design, the effects of the amplitude of sonicator (Amp), biopolymer concentration (BC) and the application time of ultrasound (AT) on the preparation of CaCO3 with respect to specific surface area (SSA) of final product was investigated. The experimental design was studied at three levels. The range of the amplitude of sonicator, polymer concentration and the application time of ultrasound were 25%–50%, 0.25–0.75 g/L and 1–5 min, respectively. The model equation representing specific surface area (SSA) of calcium carbonate was expressed as functions of three operating parameters namely the application time of the ultrasound, the amplitude of sonicator and polymer concentration. The results showed that the application time of ultrasound was the most significant variable that influenced the surface area of the crystals among three variables and the experimental results were in good agreement with those predicted by the proposed regression model. The highest value of specific surface area was obtained at the maximum application time of ultrasound.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FERROELECTRIC NANOCRYSTAL POWDERS OF SrBi2Ta2O9 BY A POLYMERIZABLE COMPLEX METHOD

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (15n17) ◽  
pp. 2514-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN-BO CHENG ◽  
AI-DONG LI ◽  
QI-YUE SHAO ◽  
YUE-FENG TANG ◽  
DI WU
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
Conventional Solid State Reaction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Size

Ferroelectric nanocrystal powders of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) have been first prepared by a polymerizable complex (PC) route. The bismuth powder, strontium carbonate, and water-soluble tantalum oxalate solution were used as starting materials. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and conventional BET method were explored to characterize the structure, morphology, and specific surface area of PC-derived SBT powders calcined at 500-850 °C. As control samples, SBT powders were also fabricated by metalorganic decomposition (MOD) method. The XRD and TEM results indicate that high pure and well crystalline powders can be obtained at 650 °C with a average size of 50 nm. The PC-derived powder has much larger surface area than MOD-derived powder. The BET value of PC and MOD powder at 750 °C for 2h is 6.7 and 1.5m2/g, respectively. The specific surface area of powder prepared by conventional solid-state reaction is quite low, typically less than 1.5m2/g. Therefore, the feasibility of the polymerizable complex route is demonstrated in the powder synthesis of SBT with large surface area.

scholarly journals Water-assisted synthesis of mesoporous calcium carbonate with a controlled specific surface area and its potential to ferulic acid release

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 28019-28025
Author(s):  
Kazunori Kadota ◽  
Toi Ibe ◽  
Yuto Sugawara ◽  
Hitomi Takano ◽  
Yus Aniza Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Acid Release

A carbonation process to control the specific surface area of mesoporous calcium carbonate and the dissolution profile of ferulic acid on mesoporous carbonate particles are presented.

Some Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Some Canadian Fly Ashes

1986 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Joshi ◽  
B. K. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACTThis paper gives physical and chemical properties of some Canadian fly ashes. Specific surface area, magnetic fraction, water soluble fraction and fraction finer than 45 μm were determined as part of the physical tests. Thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA) in oxygen and nitrogen were conducted on raw ash samples. The change of pH with time in suspensions of the different ashes in water was also determined. Pozzolanic activity of the ashes with lime for all the ashes was evaluated to measure ash reactivity.The ash activity seems to be related to fineness of the ash measured by the Blaine air permeability method, but not to the fineness measured by nitrogen sorption. Generally the greater the specific surface area, the higher the reactivity of the ash. The correlation was, however, not strong and no other physical or chemical parameter measured in this investigation seems to be related to pozzolanic activity.The results of pH and TGA tests indicated that the ashes differ in many respects from each other. The TGA data suggest that loss on-ignition in many of the ashes is not entirely due to the presence of unburned carbon. Specific surface area determined by various methods seems to provide different values. No characterization parameter was found that was uniquely related to coal type.

scholarly journals Properties of materials for advanced technology of joint utilization of man-made waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Igor N. Tanutrov ◽  
◽  
Marina N. Sviridova ◽  
Sergey A. Lyamkin ◽  
Yury A. Chesnokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Main Components

With the aim of improving the technology of co-processing of red mud (RM) and oily mill scale free (OMS) using co-temporal methods and apparatus, including using equipment of the center «Ural-M», studied the physico-chemical properties of industrial wastes. The main components of RM are: Fe (35.7%) in the form of hematite and complex hydroalumination, Ca (11.0%) in the form of calcite and hydro-aluminosilicates, Al (6.8%) and Si (4.7%) in the composition of hydroalumination, Na (2.8%) in the form of hydroalumination, carbonate and hydroxide, Ti (2.5%) in the form of rutile. The sludge moisture content was 11.9%. The main components of the OMS are: Fe (71%) in the form of magnetite, wustite and hematite with a very small amount of fayalite. The contents of Si (in the form of quartz), Al and P (non-forming phases) are within 1-3%. Humidity OMS – 16.3%, the content of indelible organic matter – 4.0%. Granulometric composition of RM is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 1.6 µm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5-12 µm. Granulometric composition of OMS is characterized by complexity. With an average diameter of 8.6 µm, maxima of 0.9 µm and 15 µm and a minimum of about 1.2 µm are observed in the particle size distribution. The specific surface area of the materials is equal to RM 23.7 m2/g, and OMS – 1.9 m2/g. The change of waste properties after exposure to aqueous solutions of alkalis and acids neutralizing the effect of organic (OMS) and alkaline (RM) surface compounds was studied. Neutralization of aqueous sus¬pension with HCl solution leads to removal of alkaline film from the surface. As a result of the impact of reagents, there is a decrease in the content of water-soluble components in the processing products. At the same time, the average particle sizes of RM and OMS increase to 2 and 14 µm, respectively, and the specific surface area to 25.7 and 2.3 m2/g. The distribution of particle size of RM is almost constant, and the OMS is approximately 5 and 10% of the smoothed maximum and minimum in the area of at least 0.5 and 15 µm.

Poly (Divinylbenzene) Particles of Large Specific Surface Area Prepared by Dispersion Polymerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1281-1285
Author(s):  
Yu Zeng Zhao ◽  
Yong Sheng Li ◽  
Hong Hua Ge ◽  
Qun Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area

Porous polydivinylbenzene particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization, using AIBN as initiator, acetonitrile as solvent, calcium carbonate and polypyrrolidone used as dispersion stabilizer and porogen. Ratio of dispersion stabilizer with monomer affects the specific surface area and porous structure. Calcium carbonate and polypyrrolidone used porogen were studied.

scholarly journals Study of synthesis parameters of MIL-53(Al) using experimental design methodology for CO2/CH4 separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Taheri ◽  
Ensieh Ganji Babakhani ◽  
Jafar Towfighi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Synthesis Time

In this study hydrothermal method was used to synthesize MIL-53(Al) (MIL stands for Materials Institute of Lavoisier). Plackett–Burman (P–B) as an experimental design method was applied to investigate the effect of synthesis and activation conditions on specific surface area, relative crystallinity, and production yield of MIL-53(Al) synthesis. Some parameters such as ligand-to-metal molar ratio, synthesis time, synthesis temperature, calcination temperature, and calcination time were selected as the variables. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique was used in order to estimate the specific surface area of samples while the relative crystallinity of the samples was estimated by comparing their X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern. The morphology of the samples was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The yield of final products was determined based on organic ligands. The results revealed the significant effect of synthesis temperature on BET surface area, particle size, yield, and crystallinity. The calcination temperature has significant positive effect on BET and crystallinity. Also, the negative significant effect of molar ratio on yield was concluded from the results. However, negligible effect of synthesis and calcination time on the properties of prepared materials were observed. Furthermore, separation capability of a selected sample for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) was measured. Pure gas adsorption data were successfully fitted to Langmuir, Sips, and Toth models. The selected sample provided high adsorption capacity for both gases. The binary adsorption of gases was also investigated based on extended Langmuir equations and the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) models. Comparing the experimental and models data indicated good agreement between the IAST model and experiments. Finally, high CO2/CH4 selectivity of 7.6 was obtained experimentally for the CO2/CH4 molar ratio of 0.2/0.8.

Specific surface area and particle size of calcium carbonate precipitated by carbon dioxide microbubbles

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Hwan Bang ◽  
Young Nam Jang ◽  
Wonbaek Kim ◽  
Kyung Sun Song ◽  
Chi Wan Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area

scholarly journals Research to Develop a Promising Technology for the Joint Disposal of Man-made Wastes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Nikolaevich Tanutrov ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Sviridova ◽  
Sergey Anatolievich Lyamkin ◽  
Yriy Anatolievich Chesnokov ◽  
Lubov Andreevna Ovchinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The main components of RM are: Fe (35.7 %) in the form of hematite and complex hydroalumination, Ca (11.0 %) in the form of calcite and hydro-aluminosilicates, Al (6.8 %) and Si (4.7 %) in the composition of hydroalumination, Na (2.8 %) in the form of hydroalumination, carbonate and hydroxide, Ti (2.5 %) in the form of rutile. The main components of the OMS are: Fe (71 %) in the form of magnetite, wustite and hematite with a very small amount of fayalite. The contents of Si (in the form of quartz), Al and P (non-forming phases) are within 1–3 %. Granulometric composition of RM is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 1.6 μm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5–12 μm. Granulometric composition of OMS is characterized by complexity. With an average diameter of 8.6 μm, maxima of 0.9 μm and 15 μm and a minimum of about 1.2 μm are observed in the particle size distribution. The specific surface area of the materials is equal to RM 23.7 m2/g, and OMS – 1.9 m2/g. The change of waste properties after exposure to aqueous solutions of alkalis and acids neutralizing the effect of organic (OMS) and alkaline (RM) surface compounds was studied. Neutralization of aqueous suspension with HCl solution leads to removal of alkaline film from the surface. As a result of the impact of reagents, there is a decrease in the content of water-soluble components in the processing products. At the same time, the average particle sizes of RM and OMS increase to 2 and 14 μm, respectively, and the specific surface area to 25.7 and 2.3 m2/g. The distribution of particle size of RM is almost constant, and the OMS is approximately 5 and 10 % of the smoothed maximum and minimum in the area of at least 0.5 and 15 μm. Keywords: red mud, oiled mill scale, chemical, phase, granulometric, composition, specific surface

Control of the morphology, specific surface area and agglomeration of precipitated calcium carbonate crystals through a multiphase carbonation process

CrystEngComm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisam Ghiasi ◽  
Mahmoud Abdollahy ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khalesi ◽  
Ehsan Ghiasi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonation Process

The morphology of precipitated calcium carbonate is a function of conductivity.

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