Comparing insults across languages in films: Dubbing as cross-cultural mediation

Multilingua ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pavesi ◽  
Maicol Formentelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Cultural Mediation ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Communication Practices

Abstract Insults are prototypical means to express impoliteness in social interactions. In film they are prime ways of staging conflict or jocular abuse, reflecting everyday communicative practices while contributing to the emotionality of dialogue, characterisation and plot advancement. Both original and dubbed films offer a privileged perspective to investigate the codification of impoliteness within and across linguacultures. In this contribution, we hypothesise that cross-cultural mediation in dubbing arises from hybridisation, a product of the contact between source and target language. Drawing on a parallel and comparable corpus of original and dubbed films, the study focuses on two major categories of insults and explores contrastively their overall frequency, the distinction between genuine and mock impoliteness and the structural complexity of forms. A degree of comparability is observed across Anglophone, Italian and dubbed Italian films, although distinctive trends also emerge from the corpus analysis. If Italian films globally make more frequent use of insults, Anglophone films stand out for their greater reliance on mock impoliteness and greater elaboration of forms. Dubbed films tend to position midway, reproducing source language patterns, while also partaking distinguishing lexico-grammatical traits of the target language. The results substantiate the function dubbing serves in cross-cultural mediation by activating an array of frames of reference that allow the new receiving audiences to experience foreign communication practices from their native language perspective.

Investigating translated Chinese and its variants using machine learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Hai Hu ◽  
Sandra Kübler
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract Translations are generally assumed to share universal features that distinguish them from texts that are originally written in the same language. Thus, we can argue that these translations constitute their own variety of a language, often called translationese. However, translations are also influenced by their source languages and thus show different characteristics depending on the source language. Consequently, we argue that these variants constitute different “dialects” of translations into the same target language. Studies using machine learning techniques on Indo-European languages have investigated the universal characteristics of translationese and how translations from various source languages differ. However, for typologically very different languages such as Chinese, there are only few corpus studies that tap into the intricate relation between translations and the originals, as well as into the relations among translations themselves. In this contribution, we investigate the following questions: (1) What are the characteristics of Chinese translationese, both in general and with respect to different source languages? (2) Can we find differences not only at the lexical but also on the syntactic level? and (3) Based on the characteristics found in the previous questions, which of the proposed laws and universals can we corroborate based on our evidence from Chinese? We use machine learning to operationalize determining the importance of different characteristics and comparing their importance for our Chinese dataset with characteristics previously reported in studies on English. In addition, our methodology allows us to add syntactic features, which have rarely been used to study translations into Chinese. Our results show that Chinese translations as a whole can be reliably distinguished from non-translations, even based on only five features. More interestingly, typological traces from the source languages can often be found in their translations, therefore creating what we call dialects of translationese. For instance, translations from two Altaic languages exhibit more noun repetition and less frequent use of pronouns. Additionally, some characteristics that are not discriminative for English work well for Chinese, possibly because the distance between Chinese and the source languages is greater than that in English studies.

scholarly journals Is Bigger Better? Corpus and Dictionary Use in the Search for Compounds, Collocations, Derived Forms and Fixed Expressions

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phaedra Royle ◽  
Isabelle Richardson ◽  
Sophie Boisvert ◽  
Nicolas Bourguignon
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
Dictionary Use ◽  
High Frequency Words

Abstract In the course of the development of a bilingual dictionary, a number of monolingual source language and target language dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, and text corpora are typically used as tools to create entries. When dealing with words that occur at a high frequency in the corpus, determining which collocations, compounds, derived forms and fixed expressions are to be included in the dictionary is an additional complication. This paper presents the relative merits of using dictionary and corpus sources for searching for this type of information. We present frequency searching as an efficient and useful tool for corpus analysis, especially in the case of high-frequency words.

scholarly journals Theme markedness in the translation of student translators

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
News Item ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

A good translation product should be able to reflect the typical characteristics of the target language in terms of its function and structure. One of the structure features that can show that the target text (TT) is free from the influence of the structure of the source language (SL) is its theme structure. As there are both marked and unmarked themes, this would be considered as one of the options to characterize the TT structure. This is a research-based article aimed at finding out the extent of theme markedness in the student translators’ TTs. This research used content analysis design, taking 15 student translators as the participants. They were asked to translate two news item texts from English as the source text (ST) into Bahasa Indonesia as the TT. The data were collected using Translog. Based on the data analysis, it was found that: (i) simple unmarked theme (SUT) was the theme most frequently used in both the ST and the TTs; (ii) Indonesian news item texts were characterized by the frequent use of marked themes. This finding indicates that Indonesian news item text puts more emphasis on how the events presented in the text can be easily caught by the readers as SUT is characterized through the use of short clauses with low lexical density. This study concludes that English and Indonesian news item texts share a small number of similarities as most of their clauses are composed of simple marked themes (SMT) but the similarities are outweighed by a large number of differences.

scholarly journals Strategies in Solving Equivalent-related Problems in Translation: Implications to Cross-cultural Understanding

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Rusdi Noor Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Equivalence ◽  
Equivalence Problems ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Any translation practice is intended to produce a text which is equivalent in meaning with its source text. However, to arrive at such equivalence is not an easy task due to a number of differences between the source language and the target language. Therefore, finding the right equivalence is a problem often encountered by translators, especially student translators. Suggested by such problem, a study on equivalence problems and possible strategies to solve the problems is obviously necessary. This article aims at finding out the problems of equivalence encountered and the strategies to solve such problems applied by student translators in translating a historical recount text. This is a descriptive study taking 10 student translators as the participants who were asked to translate a historical recount text from English into bahasa Indonesia. The data were collected using Translog that recorded all the translation process done by the student translators. The results of the study were: (i) the student translators encountered five equivalence problems while translating a historical recount text from English into bahasa Indonesia; and (ii) to solve such problems, they applied six strategies (naturalization, borrowing, description, deletion, addition and generalization). The findings imply that the problems were motivated by the student translators’ lack of cultural understanding of the source language.

scholarly journals IDEOLOGI DALAM PENERJEMAHAN BUDAYA: ANALISIS PADA NOVEL TERJEMAHAN “NEGERI 5 MENARA” KARYA AHMAD FUADI

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fadly
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Translation Procedure ◽  
Research Show

AbstractThis research aims to describe  the translation procedures, methods, and ideology  applied to translate novel Negeri 5 Menara,and assess the impact of the ideology on equivalence. This research is using qualitative approach and content analysis. The source of data for this research consists of documents that  refer to novel  Negeri 5 Menara and its translation in English. The units of analysis of this  research data comprise of words, phrases, sentences, and dialogue taken from Negeri 5 Menara Ahmad Fuadi’s Work and its translation (The Land of 5 Towers) by Angie Kilbane. Findings of this research show followings. First, translation procedures were used 90 times  to render Negeri 5 Menara into English.  On the basis of the frequent use of each translation procedures, functional equivalent (20) appears to be first rank, followed by cultural equivalent (19), reduction and couplets (10), transference and naturalization (7), descriptive equivalent (6), notes (4), transposition (3), and  modulation and compensation (2). Second, theoretically, transference and naturalisation are oriented to source language while cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalen, transposition, modulation, compensation, reduction, couplets, and notes are oriented to target language. This means that the translator tended to choose adaptation, free, idiomatic, and communicative methods. Third, the use of translation procedures and the selection the translation methods tend to be based on the adoption of the ideology of domestication. Fourth, in terms of the equivalence of the translations, it was found that 80 data were accurately translated and 10 data were inaccurately translated. Therefore, the domestication ideology has a good impact to the quality of translations.Keywords: ideology of translations, translation method, translation procedure, culture.

Translation of interviews from a source language to a target language: examining issues in cross-cultural health care research

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmieh Al-Amer ◽  
Lucie Ramjan ◽  
Paul Glew ◽  
Maram Darwish ◽  
Yenna Salamonson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Care Research

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Hayat Situmorang ◽  
I. W. Dirgeyasa ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Communicative Translation

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor

TRANSLATION SHIFT IN THE TRANSLATED NOVEL OF “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD” BY FEMMY SYAHRIANNI

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Sukma Lestari And Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Source Language ◽  
To Kill A Mockingbird

The aim of this study were to find out category shift types used in thetranslation of novel To Kill A Bird and to describe of how category shift is translatedin the novel from English into Indonesian. This study were conducted by usingdescriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were words, phrases, andclauses in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird which is translated into Indonesian byFemmy Syahrianni. It was found that there were 280 data in the novel from Englishinto Indonesian. The data analysis were taken by listing and bolding. Documentarysheets used as the instrument to collect the data. The data were analyzed based onMiles and Huberman (2014) by condensation which consists of selecting, focusing,simplifying, abstracting and transforming and then data display by using table inorder to get easy analyzing the data. The result of this study were (1) there were fourtypes of category shifts found in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird namely; structureshifts (36.78%), class shift (27.14%), unit shift (32.5%) and intra-system shift(3.27%). (2) The process of category shifts in the translation novel by havingmodifier-head in source language changed into head-modifier in target language,adverb in source language changed into verb in target language, one unit in sourcelanguage changed into some units in target language. and plural in source languagechanged into singular in target language.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document