Brain Drain, Contracts, and Moral Obligation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Edward Callies
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
The Right

AbstractIn this paper I first argue that when answering the question of whether or not governments may restrict emigration, Brock and Blake are staking out positions not astronomically far from one another. Despite the ostensibly large philosophical gap between the two, both think that certain governments may restrict emigration when such restriction is agreed to in a morally binding contract. Secondly, both authors think that there are specific “circumstances” or “conditions” under which a contract that restricts emigration can be morally binding. This second part of the paper will pose some questions that explore these various circumstances or conditions. The ultimate aim of the paper is to help point the debate in the right direction so as to further develop an answer to the question of whether or not governments may restrict emigration.

The Changing Ethics of Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mittler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Car Use ◽  
The Face ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Right

Many in the environmental movement have argued in recent years that in order to speed up climate actions we should take the ethics out of the climate change debate. Focusing on the moral obligation to act or on the effects of climate change on the most vulnerable was often judged to render the discourse too “heavy,” “negative,” or “difficult.” Many also deemed it unnecessary. After all, renewable energies, better designed cities that allow for reduced car use, and power plant regulations that lead to cleaner local air—to take just three examples—all have real and substantial benefits unrelated to the fact that they are “the right thing to do” in the face of climate change. They create jobs, reduce health problems and costs, and make society fitter.

scholarly journals Social justice and the formal principle of freedom

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolic ◽  
Igor Cvejic
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Robert Nozick ◽  
Formal Principle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

The aim of this paper is to show, contra the right-libertarian critique of social justice, that there are good reasons for defending policies of social justice within a free society. In the first part of the paper, we will present two influential right-libertarian critiques of social justice, found in Friedrich Hayek?s Law, Legislation and Liberty and Robert Nozick?s Anarchy, State and Utopia. Based on their approach, policies of social justice are seen as an unjustified infringement on freedoms of individual members of a society. In response to this critique, we will introduce the distincion between formal and factual freedom and argue that the formal principle of freedom defended by Hayek and Nozick does not suffice for the protection of factual freedom of members of a society, because it does not recognize (1) the moral obligation to help those who, without their fault, lack factual freedom to a significant degree, and (2) the legal obligation of the state to protect civic dignity of all members of a society. In the second part of the paper, we offer an interpretation of Kant?s argument on taxation, according to which civic dignity presupposes factual freedom, in order to argue that Kant?s justification of taxation offers good reasons for claiming that the state has the legal obligation to protect factual freedom via the policies of social justice.

The Bounds of Morality

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 217-234
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Helmreich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Related Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
Paradigm Shifting ◽  
Promissory Obligation ◽  
Moral Requirements

Margaret Gilbert’s ‘Three Dogmas about Promising’ is a paradigm-shifting contribution to the literature, not only for its account of promissory obligation based on joint commitment, but for its equally important focus on two properties of such obligation, which her account uniquely and elegantly captures: first, that the duty to keep a promise is necessary—the obligation stands regardless of the content or morality of the promise—and, second, that it is directed, with the promisee having unique standing to demand performance. A related point, implied by Gilbert’s argument, is that moral requirements, alone, can never have those properties. Here I challenge that point, arguing that moral requirements, under the right circumstances, can give rise to necessary and directed obligations, after all, and I propose one such moral obligation of which the duty to keep a promise may well be an instance. Nevertheless, I conclude, it may not provide as plausible a basis of promissory obligation as joint commitment.

Brain drain: a non-political perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
HUBERT MARKL
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Mother Nature ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The Right

Brains should matter for all academics. In brawn, horsepower of any kind will always be superior. As human species, we may not have the biggest brains in relative or absolute terms, but we certainly have the best. We should never forget, however, that this superior brainpower does not only let academics excel, it is just as responsible for the best CEOs, the best artists, the best sport champions – even for the most efficient and atrocious criminals. Therefore, just battling for brains may not be enough. It must be the right brains, and these do not come freely and ready-made by mother Nature. We cannot simply breed them, we have to nurture, to educate and to hone them, far from only battling for them.

scholarly journals The Right to Seek Asylum of ‘Climate Refugees’

Acta Humana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Valéria Horváth
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Climate Refugees

Although the issue of climate change mitigation and adaptation is fortunately evermore widely discussed, the problems facing ‘climate refugees’ only appears sporadically in the discussions adding to the current confusion. Taking recent and forecasted trends into account, the UN declares that states have serious moral obligations to provide humanitarian protection to all those displaced. The question which the international community and international lawyers face is whether states have more than just a moral obligation to provide protection. In this paper I will assess whether or not there are any roots in the various sources of international law – such as conventional law, customary international law, or the fundamental principles of international law – for the legal definition of ‘climate refugees’.

scholarly journals Quality Assurance in Contemporary Islamic Universities: Issues and Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Bakare Kazeem ◽  
Che Noraini Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Leadership Quality ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Right ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The inability of contemporary Islamic higher institutions of learning to produce human capital of the “right mind and sound thought” has cast doubt on the goals and objectives of Islamic Universities of the present milieu. The purpose of this article is to critically analyze some issues and challenges of quality assurance confronting Islamic universities and propose a quality assurance model that stems from leadership concepts rooted in Qur’anic tenets. Admittedly, some of the written goals of contemporary Islamic universities with respect to quality assurance had been partially fulfilled. However, compared with other contemporary universities, quality assurance in Islamic universities has not lived up to expectations, especially in terms of creative innovations and inventions that are beneficial for all humanity. These weaknesses could be attributed to lack of leadership quality to spearhead innovative projects, and subsequent brain drain due to the exodus of bright Muslim minds migrating to ‘greener pastures’. Finally, we discuss strategies for improving quality assurance in Islamic universities, with special emphasis on good governance and leadership.   Abstrak   Kekurangan upaya institusi pengajian tinggi Islam kontemporari melahirkan modal manusia yang mempunyai “minda yang betul dan pemikiran yang sahih” telah menimbulkan keraguan terhadap matlamat dan objektif universiti Islam masakini.  Perubahan adalah satu kemestian. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara kritis tentang beberapa isu dan cabaran jaminan kualiti yang dihadapi oleh universiti Islam dan mencadangkan satu model baginya yang terbit daripada konsep kepimpinan yang berakar umbi daripada al-Qur’an.  Memang diakui bahawa beberapa matlamat bertulis universiti Islam kontemporari berkaitan jaminan kualiti telah separuhnya dipenuhi.  Bagaimana pun, apabila dibandingkan dengan universiti kontemporari yang lain, jaminan kualiti universiti Islam masih belum mencapai apa yang dijangka, khususnya dalam kontek inovasi dan penciptaan yang kreatif, yang amat berfaedah kepada semua manusia.  Kelemahan-kelemahan ini boleh disabitkan kepada kelemahan kualiti pimpinan universiti bagi merintis projek yang inovatif, dan seterusnya ketandusan tenaga pemikir kerana penghijrahan beramai-ramai oleh Muslim yang bergeliga kepada tempat yang lebih subur.  Kertas ini menawarkan strategi untuk mempertingkatkan jaminan kualiti di institusi pengajian tinggi Islam, dengan penekanan khas terhadap kepimpinan dan tadbir urus yang baik.  

The Ethics of Voting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Common ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right

Nothing is more integral to democracy than voting. Most people believe that every citizen has the civic duty or moral obligation to vote, that any sincere vote is morally acceptable, and that buying, selling, or trading votes is inherently wrong. This book challenges our fundamental assumptions about voting, revealing why it is not a duty for most citizens—in fact, it argues, many people owe it to the rest of us not to vote. Bad choices at the polls can result in unjust laws, needless wars, and calamitous economic policies. The book shows why voters have duties to make informed decisions in the voting booth, to base their decisions on sound evidence for what will create the best possible policies, and to promote the common good rather than their own self-interest. They must vote well—or not vote at all. This book explains why voting is not necessarily the best way for citizens to exercise their civic duty, and why some citizens need to stay away from the polls to protect the democratic process from their uninformed, irrational, or immoral votes. In a democracy, every citizen has the right to vote. This book reveals why sometimes it's best if they don't. In a new afterword, “How to Vote Well,” the book provides a practical guidebook for making well-informed, well-reasoned choices at the polls.

scholarly journals 85 WORK-LIFE-BALANCE BENEFITS AS BRAIN DRAIN PREVENTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Nacházelová ◽  
◽  
Alice Reissová ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
The Right

The contribution of highly qualified employees, not only for multinational companies, is unquestionable. Their eventual departure often has negative economic consequences, and their replacement is usually difficult and expensive. Therefore, it is important to pay increased attention to their stabilization. This article aims to find out which of the work-life balance area benefits are more important for the stabilization of IT employees in an international automotive company (n=154). With the use of the Friedman test, it was found out that the most important benefit is flexible working hours. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the evaluation of the importance of individual benefits was further verified according to basic socio-economic factors (age, gender, length of employment). The right setting of benefits will give a competitive advantage in the search for new talent and at the same time serve as an effective tool against brain drain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document