Three Images of Trade: On the Place of Trade in a Theory of Global Justice

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Risse ◽  
Gabriel Wollner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
International Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Central Topic ◽  
Shared Activity

AbstractEconomic theory teaches that it is in every country’s interest to trade. Trade is a voluntary activity among consenting parties. On this view, considerations of justice have little bearing on trade, and political philosophers concerned with global justice should stay largely silent on trade. According to a very different view that has recently gained prominence, international trade can only occur before the background of an international market reliance practice shaped by states. Trade is a shared activity among states, and all participating states have in principle equal claims to gains from trade. Trade then becomes a central topic for political philosophers. Both views are problematic. A third view about the role of trade in a theory of global justice is then presented, which gives pride of place to a (non-Marxian) notion of exploitation. The other two views should be abandoned.

Strategies of International Trade

2018 ◽  
pp. 381-414
Author(s):  
Alain Bresson
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
International Market ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Trade Partners

This chapter examines the strategies employed in international trade in ancient Greece. It explains how the rules of trade and the distribution of “natural advantages” played the role of a system of constraints within which genuine strategies of foreign trade could be constructed. To better understand the specificity of these trade strategies, the chapter first considers the two institutional logics that prevailed in the international market: the first consisted in setting up a “surpluses for surpluses” trade strategy; the second allowed trade partners to act freely. The notions of mutual trade and nondirectional trade are discussed, along with the case of grain. The chapter also looks at the strategies used by cities to control grain trade, such as laws prohibiting grain exports, before concluding with an analysis of the grain policy of Athens as well as food production and supply in Aegean cities.

Prediction and economic theory

1986 ◽  
Vol 407 (1832) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
Theory Use

The role of prediction in economics involves a fundamental tension. On the one hand, much of economics is concerned with prediction. On the other, economic predictions are notoriously unreliable. It is, in fact, tempting to see the economist as the trapeze-performer who tends to miss the cross-bar, or as the jockey who keeps falling off his horse. Whether or not such characterization is fair, there can be no doubt that the nature and genesis of this fundamental tension, and its implications, do call for systematic analysis and assessment. The aim of this paper is to attempt a brief examination of these issues. There is a sequence of questions to be faced. How central is prediction to economics ? Why are economic predictions so difficult ? What techni­ques does economic theory use to cope with these difficulties ? Are these techniques sound ? How does economic theory relate to practice ? I shall take up these questions in turn.

scholarly journals The Role, Development and Opportunities of Spice Commodities for International Relations Between Indonesia and Other Countries in The International Market

JASSP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Wahyu Adhi Saputro ◽  
Herdiana Anggrasari
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
International Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Descriptive Method

Indonesia as a spice producer has the opportunity to become a world spice exporter that can contribute to the Indonesian economy. On the other hand, Indonesia has challenges to be able to improve the performance of Indonesian spices commodities. In this research, an overview of the condition of Indonesian spices will be seen so that the development and opportunities of Indonesian spices can be identified. Therefore the objectives of this study are (1) to determine the development of the area, production and productivity of Indonesian spices, (2) to determine the development and performance of international trade in Indonesian spices, (3) the demand for world and Indonesian spices. in the international market, and (4) the development of world and Indonesian spices prices in the international market. This research uses the basic analytical descriptive method, which is a research method that focuses on solving actual problems in the present. The results showed that in general the acreage and production of spices commodities tended to increase from year to year, but the productivity of pepper, nutmeg and vanilla decreased. When viewed from the balance of the Indonesian spices trade in each period it fluctuates but tends to increase. Meanwhile, the demand for spices in the international and Indonesian markets fluctuates every year but tends to increase and the development of international and domestic spice commodity prices has fluctuated each period.

scholarly journals Role of Trade in Growth and Poverty Reduction: A Review of Literature with Special Reference to India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal . ◽  
Harinder Mohan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
International Market ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
The Impact

The growing volumes of international trade and lowering of tariff barriers have triggered continuing debate and analysis on the impact of international trade on poverty. The United Nations has identified eradication of poverty – especially of extreme poverty – as its number one Millennium Development Goal (MDG). This paper tries to assess the relevance of trade in reducing poverty in India and promoting pro-poor growth through a survey of the existing literature and concludes that a strong performance on the international market can help reduce domestic poverty in developing countries. Through a review of the literature on this topic, the author finds that there is strong empirical evidence in favour of the growth enhancing effects of exports and trade in general. Furthermore, a number of detailed microeconomic studies using firm-level and household data show that exporting can lead to productivity, growth and directly reduce poverty through wage and employment effects.

What Export Trading Companies Mean to Small Business

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Stoner ◽  
Rajinder S. Arora
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
International Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Economic Well Being

Although international trade is essential to the social and economic well-being of our country as well as to our domestic employment situation, relatively few domestic firms are actively involved in exporting. The need and opportunities for international trade are present for small firms. Export Trading Companies may provide the necessary support for small firms to realize their international market opportunities. This paper defines the role of export trading companies and explores their impact on the activities of a typical small business. The attitudes of small businesses toward exporting and the relationships between Export Trading Companies and its member firms are explored.

scholarly journals Competitiveness drivers for soybean exportation and the fundamental role of the supply chain

2022 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Filassi ◽  
Andréa Leda Ramos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
International Market ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Current Challenge

Abstract: Brazil is the world’s second-largest producer of soybeans and the largest exporter. Despite the growing importance in the international market in the last harvests, activities related to this product threaten this position. Due to its economic importance for the country, this study aims to identify the competitiveness drivers of soybean destined for the international market and to measure their impacts on the export process. Therefore, the used methodology considers the systemic character of different factors that affect the supply chain positively or negatively. As a result, the logistics infrastructure dimension was the only competitiveness driver classified as unfavorable among the analyzed factors. The advances in agribusiness are being subsequently followed by some sectors of the economy such as science and technology. On the other hand, the logistics sector has not been showing the same development, causing some weaknesses to persist, either due to the lack of infrastructure of transport production, or the inability to properly store the national harvest. The current challenge for the State is to ensure the maintenance of the quality of the infrastructure already installed and to promote an environment capable of attracting private capital and a new investment cycle.

scholarly journals Services in the international market

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-540
Author(s):  
Sanja Jelisavac
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Ongoing Work

The author analyses the role of services in the international market. Services sector has significant influence on economic growth and efficiency. Share of services in the world market is in the contrast with great role they play in the domestic market. Because of their intangible nature the trade in services is subject to a much large limitations than the trade in goods. Insufficient data or incomparable data on international trade in services makes this sector hard to analyze. Brought together to solve those problems few international organizations have made Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services. This and many others are ongoing work to set internationally comparable data for the future analysis.

Development of international trade in intellectual property items

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radjabov Bunyod Abdukhalilovich
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
International Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Development

The article is based on the growing role of international trade in innovation and intellectual property in the global economy. The trends of international trade in intellectual property and the experience of developed countries are explored. Proposals and recommendations on participation in the international market of intellectual property have been developed as a target of the innovative development of Uzbekistan.

Exploitation in International Trade

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-200
Author(s):  
Helena de Bres
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Unfair Advantage ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
International Trading ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Trading Regime

It is only in recent years that philosophers of global justice have given direct and sustained attention to the subject of international trade. An important line of division in this small but growing body of work lies between accounts of justice in trade that focus on the idea of exploitation and accounts that do not. The aim of this chapter is to critically examine this debate, in order to get clearer on the nature and role of exploitation in the morality of international trade. Helena de Bres argues that, although concerns of exploitation are well founded and urgent in this domain, any account of justice in trade that centers on those concerns will be problematic. Our duties in relation to the international trading regime are better framed in terms of broader and deeper injustices that are not, fundamentally, a matter of unfair advantage-taking.

scholarly journals Slobodne zone - oaze izvoznih podsticaja?

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (157) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Jelena Kozomara
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
International Market ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Enclosed Space

The production in the free export zones, or free zones for short, has enabled many countries to integrate into international trade. By locating their domestic industries as well as foreign investors in a specially enclosed space, free trade zones, a large number of countries, closed for foreign trade transactions, have succeeded in expanding their exports, increasing employment of the population and capacities and developing their markets. This process was typically accompanied by an increase in national competitiveness of the domestic country, its free zone and its share in the international market. This paper aims to point out the role of free export production zones in the strategy of increasing Serbian exports as well as in the strategy of attracting export-oriented direct foreign investments into Serbia.

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