scholarly journals International Trade, Fairness, and Labour Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Loriaux ◽  
Alexia Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Multilateral Trading System

AbstractThis paper aims to show that fairness in trade calls for relaxing existing WTO rules to include a greater liberalisation of labour migration. After having addressed several objections to global egalitarianism, it will argue, first, that the world’s rich and the world’s poor participate in a same multilateral trading system whose point is primarily to reduce trade barriers, and hence to establish global economic competitions, in order to raise their standards of living; second, that these competitions are subject to requirements of formal and substantive fairness; and, third, that the substantive fairness of the competitions that are taking place in the field of trade in goods is likely to require a greater liberalisation of labour migration, especially low-skilled labour from developing countries.

scholarly journals Reflection on Labor Standard’s Linkage to International Trade

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Yu-hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Labor Standard ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The Developed Countries

Developed countries proposed to link labor standard up to the international trade, which was based on profound economic and social foundation. On this issue, there is a fundamental difference between developed and developing countries: the developed countries think that the low labor standards in the developing countries are a reflection of social dumping, while the developing countries consider labor standard’s linkage to the international trade as an embodiment of trade protectionism in developed countries. Nevertheless, the developed countries still take various measures to promote labor standards in the international trade and this trend tends to be intensified. The ultimate goal of developed countries is to integrate labor standards into the WTO multilateral trading system, and developing countries must face this reality.

Developing country participation in the GATT: a reassessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
RORDEN WILKINSON ◽  
JAMES SCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Free Ride ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The Multilateral Trading System

AbstractTwo broad interpretations currently prevail in the literature on developing country participation in the GATT. The first suggests that developing countries spent most of their time in the GATT negotiating to be relieved of various commitments, focusing on the pursuit of industrialization through import substitution and/or free-riding on the commitments made by their industrial counterparts. The second interpretation suggests that developing countries spent the majority of their time in the GATT either as ‘quiet bystanders’ lacking the expertise or political representation to participate fully, or else attempting to redress biases in the institution's design. The problem with both of these interpretations is that while each has merit neither offers a sufficiently rounded account of developing country participation. Our purpose in this paper is to offer an alternative account of developing country participation that shows more accurately the extent and variation of that participation. We argue that throughout the development of the GATT developing countries were active participants that consistently sought to have an impact on the nature and direction of the multilateral trading system. We also argue that while the energy of developing countries was often directed towards negotiating more favourable treatment for themselves, this was a result more of the asymmetrical manner in which the GATT was deployed and a consequence of their relative underdevelopment than of a desire to free-ride on the favourable trading conditions created by the concession exchanging activities of others.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOWS AS A PUBLIC POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM EAC AND NAFTA COUNTRIES.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2549
Author(s):  
Laetitia Byukusenge ◽  
Song Wei ◽  
Delphine Tuyishime
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Distance Effects ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows

Previous studies have shown that the geographic distance is among the factors that can typically results in diminished trade flows between two or more countries. As the international trade is one among the public policies, the governments of countries have to take control policies about their imports and exports after signing some trade contracts or agreements of eliminating trade barriers between trade countries. This paper analyzes and compares how the geographic distance affects the international trade flows of developed and developing countries‟ economies and becomes the obstacle to the developing countries to achieve their objectives and goals in eliminating trade barriers between their trading partners. The gravity model with panel data sets for period of 2008 to 2011 are used to determine the geographic distance effects in those countries. The sample size is bilateral trade flows of eight developing countries with lower income of EAC and two developed countries and one developing country with middle income of NAFTA. The study discovers that the various factors influence the geographic distance effects on international trade flows of developed and developing countries in different ways. This paper recommends that the signed policies between countries should be observed, maintained and followed in order to achieve expected objectives.

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