scholarly journals Chaotic and hypercyclic properties of the quasi-linear Lasota equation

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hung Hung
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Solution ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this paper we describe an explicit solution semigroup of the quasi-linear Lasota equation. By constructing the relationship of this solution semigroup with the translation semigroup we obtain some sufficient and necessary conditions for the solution semigroup of the quasi-linear Lasota equation to be hypercyclic or chaotic respectively.

Protagoras Unbound

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
F. C. White
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper I want to do the following things. First I want to show that in the part of the Theaetetus where the relationship between knowledge and perception is examined, the concept of knowledge that is in question is very clearly characterized. We are left in no doubt as to what is to count as knowing. Secondly I want to unravel in some detail the case that Socrates puts on Protagoras’ behalf where he draws on what Protagoras actually wrote (151 E-152C); as opposed to what he may have taught secretly to his pupils (152C-160D). Thirdly I wish to argue that if we let the dialogue speak for itself, it is manifest that this case put up on Protagoras’ behalf at 151 E-152C is not overthrown; it is not even shaken.In that part of the dialogue (151 D-186E) where the question is under examination whether or not knowledge and perception are the same, Socrates uses an idealized concept of knowledge. That is, he restricts the use of the word by setting down what he will consider to be the essential characteristics of knowledge, the sufficient and necessary conditions of its being instantiated. An excellent piece of philosophical procedure.

scholarly journals Necessary conditions of physical realizability of the bifocal lens collimator

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Maksim Stepanov ◽  
◽  
Yulia Nikulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Optical Axis ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Systems Of Inequalities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lens Surface ◽  
Physical Realizability

The conditions of physical realizability of one of the varieties of aplanitic lens collimators, a bifocal lens collimator, which has two points of perfect focus and do not lie on the main optical axis, are considered. Based on the relationship of the parameters specified during the design of the bifocal lens collimator (aperture size, thickness, focal length, distance from the main optical axis to the focal point, tilt of the phase front in the aperture), conditions that are necessary for the synthesis of a physically feasible collimator are formulated. The solution of this problem is based on the properties of an ellipse of equal edges and the geometry of a bifocal lens collimator. The graphic dependencies of the obtained expressions are given and analyzed. Based on this analysis, the mutual dependence of the parameters specified at the beginning of the calculation of the lens surface is determined. Systems of inequalities that establish the conditions for the realizability of a bifocal lens collimator are written. A number of restrictions on the initial parameters of the bifocal lens collimator are recorded. The fulfillment of the inequalities obtained in the article is a necessary condition for the physical realizability of the bifocal lens collimator.

Effects of Drive, Discrimination Training and Response Disruption on Response Strength in the Absence of Primary Reinforcement

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-690
Author(s):  
H. J. Mc Namara
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Primary Reinforcement ◽  
Discriminative Training ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Conditions For Learning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Two experiments were performed to study the relationship of both drive and performance variables to the learning of a response in the absence of primary reinforcement. A procedure approximating that proposed by Zimmerman was utilized to study a bar-pressing response. It was found that the speed of learning of the bar-pressing response was related to previous reinforcement but that reinforcement and discriminative training were not necessary conditions for learning. It was also found that, while drive and an exit response were necessary conditions for learning, they were not necessary to maintain the response once it was established.

scholarly journals A study on strongly convex hyper S-subposets in hyper S-posets

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1935-1951
Author(s):  
Jian Tang ◽  
Xiang-Yun Xie ◽  
Bijan Davvaz
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Decomposition Theorem ◽  
Strongly Convex ◽  
Unique Decomposition ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this paper, we study various strongly convex hyper S-subposets of hyper S-posets in detail. To begin with, we consider the decomposition of hyper S-posets. A unique decomposition theorem for hyper S-posets is given based on strongly convex indecomposable hyper S-subposets. Furthermore, we discuss the properties of minimal and maximal strongly convex hyper S-subposets of hyper S-posets. In the sequel, the concept of hyper C-subposets of a hyper S-poset is introduced, and several related properties are investigated. In particular, we discuss the relationship between greatest strongly convex hyper S-subposets and hyper C-subposets of hyper S-posets. Moreover, we introduce the concept of bases of a hyper S-poset and give out the sufficient and necessary conditions of the existence of the greatest hyper C-subposets of a hyper S-poset by the properties of bases.

scholarly journals Credibilistic Loss Aversion Nash Equilibrium for Bimatrix Games with Triangular Fuzzy Payoffs

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Cui ◽  
Zhongwei Feng ◽  
Chunqiao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Nash Equilibria ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Existence Theorems ◽  
Bimatrix Games ◽  
Bimatrix Game ◽  
Fuzzy Variables ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Inspired by Shalev’s model of loss aversion, we investigate the effect of loss aversion on a bimatrix game where the payoffs in the bimatrix game are characterized by triangular fuzzy variables. First, we define three solution concepts of credibilistic loss aversion Nash equilibria, and their existence theorems are presented. Then, three sufficient and necessary conditions are given to find the credibilistic loss aversion Nash equilibria. Moreover, the relationship among the three credibilistic loss aversion Nash equilibria is discussed in detail. Finally, for2×2bimatix game with triangular fuzzy payoffs, we investigate the effect of loss aversion coefficients and confidence levels on the three credibilistic loss aversion Nash equilibria. It is found that an increase of loss aversion levels of a player leads to a decrease of his/her own payoff. We also find that the equilibrium utilities of players are decreasing (increasing) as their own confidence levels when players employ the optimistic (pessimistic) value criterion.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document