scholarly journals Changes in Agricultural Markets in Poland following its Accession to the European Union

Management ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czyżewski ◽  
Dariusz Czakowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Real Purchasing ◽  
The Eu

Summary This article attempts to determine the most significant tendencies and changes observed in Poland’s core markets of agricultural products, which occurred during the period preceding Poland’s accession to the European Union (1994-2003) and after the accession (2004-2013). The key markets of agricultural products include markets with the largest value of commodity production during the analysed period, such as cereals, potatoes, sugar beet, rapeseed, fruit, vegetables, pork, beef and poultry, cows’ milks and eggs. The development of domestic production, consumption and real purchasing prices were observed and compared in order to achieve the main objective. The research was preceded by the characterisation of macroeconomic and resource conditionalities of agricultural production as well as the trade balance of the Polish agri-food sector. On the basis of the conducted studies, there were singled out three groups of markets in which the situation during the period following Poland’s accession to the EU developed in a similar way.

scholarly journals DILEMMAS OF MEASURING AND EVALUATING INCOME IN AGRICULTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Henryk Runowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to outline problems related to the measurement and assessment of income in European Union agriculture. Research shows that measuring agricultural income, as well as assessing differences in income between EU countries are a matter of many doubts. They not only result from problems of a methodical nature, but also from specific solutions of a cultural nature (e.g. sale of a successor farm or free family transfer). The methodology used to determine income in agriculture currently used in the European Union only takes income resulting from agricultural production and the processing of agricultural products as well as other activities directly related to agricultural production into account. Other sources of farmer income are ignored. This applies, for example, to remuneration for work outside the farm, social allowances and revenues from the lease or rental of property resources. Thus, the methodology used to determine the income of persons related to agriculture prevents or at least hinders the full assessment of the income situation of farmers in the EU and in individual countries, including Poland. The current way of measuring farmer income causes certain economic and social repercussions and is often criticized. The conclusion is that there is a need to improve the methodology of measuring income in agriculture.

scholarly journals Agricultural Holdings in Hilly-Mountain Areas in Slovenia before and after the Accession to the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Knific ◽  
Štefan Bojnec
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper presents the questionnaire results of the research on implications of the effects of Slovenia’s accession to the European Union (EU) on structural changes in agricultural holdings (AHs) in the case of Škofjeloška hilly-mountain rural areas. The effects are studied based on the analysis of income diversification of AHs three years before the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2000 and six years after the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2010. Strategies of AHs on the basis of the questionnaire were analysed in early 2011. Income diversification of AHs with non-agricultural employment and off-farm incomes is necessary for survival for the majority of AHs. There are observed differences in structural changes in the AHs between areas with different natural conditions for agricultural production, and particularly in the extent and in the direction of structural changes by socioeconomic types of AHs. Structural changes inhibit non-economic objectives of AHs, while non-agricultural employment has a two-way influence.

scholarly journals Impact of Russian Non-Tariff Measures on European Union Agricultural Exports

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Mingque ◽  
Alena Slisava
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

<p>Nowadays non-tariff measures become more and more widely used. Russia is one of world largest importers of agri-products. In order to protect domestic production different non-tariff measures (NTMs) are used, which create difficulties for the exporters because NTMs are strict, changeable and difficult to deal with. This article analyses Russian non-tariff measures and their influence on the European Union exports of agri-products by using gravity model. The results show that Russian trade resistance is weaker for EU agricultural products exporters than for the USA exporters but stronger than for Chinese agricultural products exporters. The results do not prove that Russia’s NTMs have bigger impact on the EU exports than on the other countries’ exports such as India, Kyrgyz Republic, and the Ukraine. The NTM of such countries as China and Mexico also have much greater influence on the EU exports of agri-products than Russian NTMs.</p>

scholarly journals REGULATORY CHALLENGES FOR THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN BULGARIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Delcheva ◽  
◽  
Iskra Nencheva ◽  
Nikolay Penev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Market Development ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

An integral part of the conditions of the agricultural market in Bulgaria are the laws and regulations collected in ordinances and regulations imposed by state agencies monitoring the quality and safety of agricultural products traded on the Bulgarian market. The goals are to achieve equal conditions for market participation, tax reporting, quality control. In the last two years we have been observers and participants in the accompanying Covid-19 crisis related to the consequences of Covid-19, both in Bulgaria and the European Union, and around the world. Inevitably, the effects of the restriction and the measures caused by the crown crisis will continue to prolong over time in the agricultural sector and agriculture in general. The purpose of this study is to trace how the current regulatory norms affect the sale of agricultural production and how the restriction has affected the crisis. Are regulatory norms a condition for market development or are they a barrier to market entry and survival and what protection do they provide to end users?

scholarly journals SWOT analysis of Slovak farmers in the pre-accession period to the EU

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
P. Bielik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
The Eu

In the framework of Slovakia entering into the European Union, there was done a&nbsp;PHARE-ACE survey in years 1999&ndash;2000. The name of this survey was &ldquo;Micro-economic analysis of farming households restructuring in pre-accession period to the EU&rdquo;. The survey was finished in 2002. This survey was done in two regions of Slovakia, characterized by different natural conditions, production and economic conditions. This project was aiming not only at private farmers but also at other legal entities producing agricultural products. The monitored group consisted of 412 private farmers, farming in average 43.2 ha of agricultural land. Most of them are farming on 0&ndash;2 ha of agricultural land (20.8%) and on 25&ndash;100 ha of agricultural land (20.1%).

scholarly journals Council of the European Union v. Front Populaire pour la Libération de la Saguia-El-Hamra et Du Rio de Oro (Front Polisario)

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Odermatt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Grand Chamber ◽  
The Eu

On December 21, 2016, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) dismissed an action brought by the Front Polisario challenging a decision of the Council of the European Union (EU) approving the conclusion of an agreement between the European Union and the Kingdom Morocco on the reciprocal liberalization of certain agricultural products. The CJEU held, based on the relevant rules of international law applicable between the EU and Morocco, that the agreement did not apply to the territory of Western Sahara. Apart from its obvious political overtones, the judgment is significant in further developing the CJEU's approach to the law of treaties and the principle of self-determination in international law.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRARIAN RELATIONS IN BULGARIA AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION (2007–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Maria Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
The Eu

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of industrial relations in the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in terms of its membership in the European Union. Thanks to the involvement of a wide range of statistical sources, it is determined that modern Bulgarian society is experiencing profound changes in socio-economic development, the response to which has brought the Bulgarian agricultural sector to a competitive level. It is determined that the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy had a rather difficult way of adapting production relations to European requirements. At the same time, Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union stimulated the development of agriculture, contributed to the introduction of the latest agro-technical production technologies, rational land use, improvement of agricultural products. The main trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy after the country’s accession to the EU and the transformation processes in the sector are analyzed. In addition, as a result of an in-depth analysis, it was proved that the Bulgarian agricultural sector on the verge of joining the EU had a number of problems that hindered the increase of its productivity and profitability. Following Bulgaria’s accession to the European Economic Area, the country had to take a number of measures to address the above-mentioned problem. In particular, it consisted in the adaptation of agricultural legislation, state support measures to European norms and standards of agricultural production to European norms and requirements. The deepening of European integration and the further accession of Bulgaria to the EU accelerated the transformation of agricultural production relations and the modernization of agriculture, which was accompanied by the adaptation and harmonization of the agricultural sector to increase its productivity.

scholarly journals Possibilities of biodiversity conservation in agricultural fields

2014 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Ibolya Csíder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The biodiversity loss is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world. The objective of this paper is to present some nature conservation practices on agricultural land. Farmlands play a significant role to preserve biodiversity because some highly protected species can only find their needs on agricultural land. The Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union (2010-2020) creates new directives to reduce biodiversity loss, preserve and improve diversity, especially on agricultural land. Furthermore the importance of this subject is that the share of farmland in Hungary is much higher (57%) than in the EU-27 on average (42%). The loss of agricultural land and the increase of land abandonment cause intensification of agricultural production leading to the loss of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

Economic Transformation of Austrian Agriculture since EU Accession

2016 ◽  
pp. 299-329
Author(s):  
Erika Quendler ◽  
Christina Mayer ◽  
Karl Michael Ortner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

After joining the European Union (EU) in 1995 Austria adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This chapter reviews the changes in agricultural production and the economic situation of agriculture since the accession to the EU. The analysis is primarily based on macro-economic data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) over the period between 1995 and 2014. Select examples identify the developments applicable for Austria – also in comparison to other EU countries and groups of countries as well as to Switzerland. Expectations and forecasts regarding the consequences of integration, e.g. changes in the price levels, have been more or less fulfilled but there is a need for further research on the development of regions and on special issues such as the resilience of Austrian agriculture.

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