scholarly journals When time is not space: The social and linguistic construction of time intervals and temporal event relations in an Amazonian culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Sinha ◽  
Vera Da Silva Sinha ◽  
Jörg Zinken ◽  
Wany Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Spatial Motion ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Interval Systems

AbstractIt is widely assumed that there is a natural, prelinguistic conceptual domain of time whose linguistic organization is universally structured via metaphoric mapping from the lexicon and grammar of space and motion. We challenge this assumption on the basis of our research on the Amondawa (Tupi Kawahib) language and culture of Amazonia. Using both observational data and structured field linguistic tasks, we show that linguistic space-time mapping at the constructional level is not a feature of the Amondawa language, and is not employed by Amondawa speakers (when speaking Amondawa). Amondawa does not recruit its extensive inventory of terms and constructions for spatial motion and location to express temporal relations. Amondawa also lacks a numerically based calendric system. To account for these data, and in opposition to a Universal Space-Time Mapping Hypothesis, we propose a Mediated Mapping Hypothesis, which accords causal importance to the numerical and artefact-based construction of time-based (as opposed to event-based) time interval systems.

scholarly journals Some Results for a Time Interval Approach to Field Theory and Gravitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen Henricus Hollestelle
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
Wave Emission

This paper consists of two parts. In part I some new relations for a field theory with time intervals are derived. One concept of field theory evaluated is complementarity, another is field operators both defined within a time interval description. Part II includes specific results and commentary. Discussed are time interval dependent wave propagation surfaces for star source emission waves and derived is a metric propagation surface area requirement. The results allow to consider one same field that like gravitation within General Relativity applies to both non zero and zero mass. The associated field energy is space time dependent for non zero mass, and is related to a space time dependent metric tensor for zero mass wave particles. Defined is internal energy transfer where wave particle numbers increase linearly and mass and momentum diminish, decrease inversely with the distance from the wave emission source. The commentary are applications related to cosmological overall volume and temperature dependence.

Some Results for a Time Interval Approach to Field Theory and Gravitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen Henricus Hollestelle
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
Wave Emission

This paper consists of two parts. In part I some new relations for a field theory with time intervals are derived. One concept of field theory evaluated is complementarity, another is operators however both defined within a time interval description. Part II includes specific results and commentary. Discussed are time interval dependent wave propagation surfaces for star source emission waves and derived is a metric surface area requirement for propagation surfaces. The results allow to consider one field that like gravitation within General Relativity applies to both non zero and zero mass. The associated field energy is space time dependent for non zero mass, and is related to a space time dependent metric tensor for zero mass wave particles. Defined is internal energy transfer where wave particle numbers increase linearly and mass and momentum diminish, decrease inversely with the distance from the wave emission source. The commentary are applications related to cosmological overall volume and temperature dependence.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Based Comparison of the Pragmatic Use of Qian and Hou to Examine the Applicability of Space–Time Metaphor Hypothesis in Early Child Mandarin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Tsung ◽  
Dandan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Spatial Metaphor ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Unique Pair ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Child Mandarin

The Universal Space–Time Mapping Hypothesis suggests that temporal expression is based on spatial metaphor for all human beings. This study examines its applicability in the Chinese language using the data elicited from the Early Childhood Mandarin Corpus (ECMC) (Li and Tse, 2011), which collected the utterances produced by 168 Mandarin-speaking preschoolers in a semistructured play context. The unique pair of Chinese words, qian (前/before/front) and hou (后/after/back), which can be used to express either time (before/after) or space (front/back) in daily communication, was the unit of analysis. The results indicated that: (1) there was a significant age effect in the production of “qian/hou,” indicating that the period before the age of 4.5 may be critical for the development of temporal and spatial expression; (2) the pair was produced to express time (before/after) much earlier than space (front/back), indicating that the expression of time might not necessarily be based on the spatial metaphor; and (3) the pair was used more frequently to express time (before/after) than space (front/back) by the preschoolers, thus challenging the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Some Results for a Time Interval Approach to Field Theory and Gravitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen Henricus Hollestelle
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
Wave Emission

This paper consists of two parts. In part I some new relations for a field theory with time intervals are derived. One concept of field theory evaluated is complementarity, another is operators however both defined within a time interval description. Part II includes specific results and commentary. Discussed are time interval dependent wave propagation surfaces for star source emission waves and derived is a metric surface area requirement for propagation surfaces. The results allow to consider one field that like gravitation within General Relativity applies to both non zero and zero mass. The associated field energy is space time dependent for non zero mass, and is related to a space time dependent metric tensor for zero mass wave particles. Defined is internal energy transfer where wave particle numbers increase linearly and mass and momentum diminish, decrease inversely with the distance from the wave emission source. The commentary are applications related to cosmological overall volume and temperature dependence.

Arabic in Modern Hebrew Texts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Population Displacement ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Hebrew

In the late 1950s, Iraqi Jews were either forced or chose to leave Iraq for Israel. Finding it impossible to continue writing in Arabic in Israel, many Iraqi Jewish novelists faced the literary challenge of switching to Hebrew. Focusing on the literary works of the writers Shimon Ballas, Sami Michael and Eli Amir, this book examines their use of their native Iraqi Arabic in their Hebrew works. It examines the influence of Arabic language and culture and explores questions of language, place and belonging from the perspective of sociolinguistics and multilingualism. In addition, the book applies stylistics as a framework to investigate the range of linguistic phenomena that can be found in these exophonic texts, such as code-switching, borrowing, language and translation strategies. This new stylistic framework for analysing exophonic texts offers a future model for the study of other languages. The social and political implications of this dilemma, as it finds expression in creative writing, are also manifold. In an age of mass migration and population displacement, the conflicted loyalties explored in this book through the prism of Arabic and Hebrew are relevant in a range of linguistic contexts.

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

Translocations In Space-Time and Simultaneous States of the Universe: Convergent Quantifications and Alternative Solutions from the Principles of Physics for the Challenges of “Time Travel” and “Parallel Universes”

2016 ◽  
pp. 4058-4069
Author(s):  
Michael A Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Hydrogen Line ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
The Universe

                                Translation of four dimensional axes anywhere within the spatial and temporal boundaries of the universe would require quantitative values from convergence between parameters that reflect these limits. The presence of entanglement and volumetric velocities indicates that the initiating energy for displacement and transposition of axes would be within the upper limit of the rest mass of a single photon which is the same order of magnitude as a macroscopic Hamiltonian of the modified Schrödinger wave function. The representative metaphor is that any local 4-D geometry, rather than displaying restricted movement through Minkowskian space, would instead expand to the total universal space-time volume before re-converging into another location where it would be subject to cause-effect. Within this transient context the contributions from the anisotropic features of entropy and the laws of thermodynamics would be minimal.  The central operation of a fundamental unit of 10-20 J, the hydrogen line frequency, and the Bohr orbital time for ground state electrons would be required for the relocalized manifestation. Similar quantified convergence occurs for the ~1012 parallel states within space per Planck’s time which solve for phase-shift increments where Casimir and magnetic forces intersect.  Experimental support for these interpretations and potential applications is considered. The multiple, convergent solutions of basic universal quantities suggest that translations of spatial axes into adjacent spatial states and the transposition of four dimensional configurations any where and any time within the universe may be accessed but would require alternative perspectives and technologies.

Dualism loop and string

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Interval

the holographic space-time interval leads to the concept of dualism between loops and strings.

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