scholarly journals Correlates of social awareness in the visual prosody of growing children

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Swerts
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Visual Prosody ◽  
Auditory Features

AbstractThis article focuses on how growing children use prosody for communicative purposes. Prosody refers to the set of expressive features that do not so much determine what speakers say, but rather how they say it. It includes both auditory features, such as intonation and tempo, and visual features, such as facial expressions. Our central hypothesis is that children, as they grow older, become more socially aware — a process which is reflected in the way they express themselves in prosody. To this end, we present the results of three studies that focus on how children use such features (1) to mark their level of uncertainty, (2) to signal a positive or negative emotion, and (3) to show whether they are being truthful or not. All the studies use a game-based experimental paradigm that is especially suited for analyses of child behaviour. The approach combines controlled elicitations of spontaneous interactions with perception tests that explore how children's expressions are being interpreted. Results of such studies are relevant for pedagogical and diagnostic purposes, and will lead to improvements in child-directed communication systems.

scholarly journals The Visual Features of Emotional Faces That Predict Forced Choice Selection of Faces Download Text Copy to Clipboard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Stuit ◽  
Timo Kootstra ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Carlijn van den Boomen ◽  
Maarten van der Smagt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Semantic Label ◽  
Face Stimuli

Abstract Emotional facial expressions are important visual communication signals that indicate a sender’s intent and emotional state to an observer. As such, it is not surprising that reactions to different expressions are thought to be automatic and independent of awareness. What is surprising, is that studies show inconsistent results concerning such automatic reactions, particularly when using different face stimuli. We argue that automatic reactions to facial expressions can be better explained, and better understood, in terms of quantitative descriptions of their visual features rather than in terms of the semantic labels (e.g. angry) of the expressions. Here, we focused on overall spatial frequency (SF) and localized Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features. We used machine learning classification to reveal the SF and HOG features that are sufficient for classification of the first selected face out of two simultaneously presented faces. In other words, we show which visual features predict selection between two faces. Interestingly, the identified features serve as better predictors than the semantic label of the expressions. We therefore propose that our modelling approach can further specify which visual features drive the behavioural effects related to emotional expressions, which can help solve the inconsistencies found in this line of research.

scholarly journals Facial expressions modulate visual features utilization in unfamiliar face identification

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Daniel Fiset ◽  
Josiane Leclerc ◽  
Jessica Royer ◽  
Valérie Plouffe ◽  
Caroline Blais
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Unfamiliar Face

scholarly journals Analisis Semiotika Ekspresi Wajah di dalam Ayat-ayat Agung al-Qur’an

PALAPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-250
Author(s):  
Hasanuddin Chaer ◽  
Abdul Rasyad ◽  
Ahmad Sirulhaq
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
The World

Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols as elements and analysis of communication systems. Many verses of the Qur'an show aspects of communication between humans and verses of the Qur'an. This article discusses the study of semiotics with a descriptive analysis approach. The purpose of this essay is to analyze facial expressions in the verses of the Great Qur'an that are expressed verbally. This essay uses Peirce's theory of semiotics in analyzing the facial expressions of people in the world and the faces of people in the afterlife.

scholarly journals Long-Term Influence of Incidental Emotions on the Emotional Judgment of Neutral Faces

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta F. Nudelman ◽  
Liana C. L. Portugal ◽  
Izabela Mocaiber ◽  
Isabel A. David ◽  
Beatriz S. Rodolpho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
Important Evidence

Background: Evidence indicates that the processing of facial stimuli may be influenced by incidental factors, and these influences are particularly powerful when facial expressions are ambiguous, such as neutral faces. However, limited research investigated whether emotional contextual information presented in a preceding and unrelated experiment could be pervasively carried over to another experiment to modulate neutral face processing.Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether an emotional text presented in a first experiment could generate negative emotion toward neutral faces in a second experiment unrelated to the previous experiment.Methods: Ninety-nine students (all women) were randomly assigned to read and evaluate a negative text (negative context) or a neutral text (neutral text) in the first experiment. In the subsequent second experiment, the participants performed the following two tasks: (1) an attentional task in which neutral faces were presented as distractors and (2) a task involving the emotional judgment of neutral faces.Results: The results show that compared to the neutral context, in the negative context, the participants rated more faces as negative. No significant result was found in the attentional task.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that incidental emotional information available in a previous experiment can increase participants’ propensity to interpret neutral faces as more negative when emotional information is directly evaluated. Therefore, the present study adds important evidence to the literature suggesting that our behavior and actions are modulated by previous information in an incidental or low perceived way similar to what occurs in everyday life, thereby modulating our judgments and emotions.

scholarly journals Automatic processing of numerosity in human neocortex evidenced by occipital and parietal neuromagnetic responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Van Rinsveld ◽  
Vincent Wens ◽  
Mathieu Guillaume ◽  
Anthony Beuel ◽  
Wim Gevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Numerical Magnitudes

AbstractHumans and other animal species are endowed with the ability to sense, represent, and mentally manipulate the number of items in a set without needing to count them. One central hypothesis is that this ability relies on an automated functional system dedicated to numerosity, the perception of the discrete numerical magnitude of a set of items. This system has classically been associated with intraparietal regions, however accumulating evidence in favor of an early visual number sense calls into question the functional role of parietal regions in numerosity processing. Targeting specifically numerosity among other visual features in the earliest stages of processing requires high temporal and spatial resolution. We used frequency-tagged magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate the early automatic processing of numerical magnitudes and measured the steady-state brain responses specifically evoked by numerical and other visual changes in the visual scene. The neuromagnetic responses showed implicit discrimination of numerosity, total occupied area, and convex hull. The source reconstruction corresponding to the implicit discrimination responses showed common and separate sources along the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. Occipital sources attested the perceptual salience of numerosity similarly to both other implicitly discriminable visual features. Crucially, we found parietal responses uniquely associated with numerosity discrimination, showing automatic processing of numerosity in the parietal cortex, even when not relevant to the task. Taken together, these results provide further insights into the functional roles of parietal and occipital regions in numerosity encoding along the visual hierarchy.Significance StatementApproximating the number of items in a set has been identified as a building block of mathematical cognition but the processing of numerosity is not fully understood. The natural correlation between numerosity and other visual features makes it difficult to test whether the number of items is a perceptual primitive or whether it needs to be recombined at a higher level. We used frequency-tagged magnetoencephalography to localize the implicit discrimination of numerosity within the visual hierarchy. We found that numerosity yielded occipital responses, supporting that the human visual system can grasp it at a single glance. Crucially, numerosity also yielded specific parietal responses, showing that numerosity is a perceptual primitive with a unique automatic involvement of parietal cortex.

Neural and Behavioral Responses to Ambiguous Facial Expressions of Emotion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Whalen ◽  
Maital Neta ◽  
M. Justin Kim ◽  
Alison M. Mattek ◽  
F. C. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Environmental Cue ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Prefrontal Circuitry

When it comes to being social, there is no other nonverbal environmental cue that is more important for humans than the facial expression of another person. Here we consider facial expressions as naturally conditioned stimuli that, when presented as images in an experimental paradigm, evoke neural and behavioral responses that serve to decipher the predictive meaning of the expression. We will cover data showing that the expressions of others alter our attention to the environment, our biases in interpreting these facial expressions, and our neural responses within an amygdala-prefrontal circuitry related to normal variations in reported anxiety.

scholarly journals Memories Fade: The Relationship Between Memory Vividness and Remembered Visual Salience

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose A. Cooper ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger ◽  
Maureen Ritchey
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
The Relationship

Past events, particularly emotional experiences, are often vividly recollected. However, it remains unclear how qualitative information, such as low-level visual salience, is reconstructed and how the precision and bias of this information relate to subjective memory vividness. Here, we tested whether remembered visual salience contributes to vivid recollection. In three experiments, participants studied emotionally negative and neutral images that varied in luminance and color saturation, and they reconstructed the visual salience of each image in a subsequent test. Results revealed, unexpectedly, that memories were recollected as less visually salient than they were encoded, demonstrating a novel memory-fading effect, whereas negative emotion increased subjective memory vividness and the precision with which visual features were encoded. Finally, memory vividness tracked both the precision and remembered salience (bias) of visual information. These findings provide evidence that low-level visual information fades in memory and contributes to the experience of vivid recollection.

scholarly journals Automatic Processing of Numerosity in Human Neocortex Evidenced by Occipital and Parietal Neuromagnetic Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Van Rinsveld ◽  
Vincent Wens ◽  
Mathieu Guillaume ◽  
Anthony Beuel ◽  
Wim Gevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Numerical Magnitudes

Abstract Humans and other animal species are endowed with the ability to sense, represent, and mentally manipulate the number of items in a set without needing to count them. One central hypothesis is that this ability relies on an automated functional system dedicated to numerosity, the perception of the discrete numerical magnitude of a set of items. This system has classically been associated with intraparietal regions, however accumulating evidence in favor of an early visual number sense calls into question the functional role of parietal regions in numerosity processing. Targeting specifically numerosity among other visual features in the earliest stages of processing requires high temporal and spatial resolution. We used frequency-tagged magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate the early automatic processing of numerical magnitudes and measured the steady-state brain responses specifically evoked by numerical and other visual changes in the visual scene. The neuromagnetic responses showed implicit discrimination of numerosity, total occupied area, and convex hull. The source reconstruction corresponding to the implicit discrimination responses showed common and separate sources along the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. Occipital sources attested the perceptual salience of numerosity similarly to both other implicitly discriminable visual features. Crucially, we found parietal responses uniquely associated with numerosity discrimination, showing automatic processing of numerosity in the parietal cortex, even when not relevant to the task. Taken together, these results provide further insights into the functional roles of parietal and occipital regions in numerosity encoding along the visual hierarchy.

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