scholarly journals Evaluation of placental function using near infrared spectroscopy during fetal growth restriction

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Hasegawa ◽  
Masamitsu Nakamura ◽  
Ryu Matsuoka ◽  
Takashi Mimura ◽  
Kiyotake Ichizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Function

scholarly journals Anisotropy in the Human Placenta in Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Paddy J. Slator ◽  
Alison Ho ◽  
Spyros Bakalis ◽  
Laurence Jackson ◽  
Lucy C. Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
Branching Structures ◽  
Mri Scans

AbstractThe placenta has a unique structure, which enables the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Abnormalities in placental structure are associated with major complications of pregnancy; for instance, changes in the complex branching structures of fetal villous trees are associated with fetal growth restriction. Diffusion MRI has the potential to measure such fine placental microstructural details. Here, we present in-vivo placental diffusion MRI scans from controls and pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. We find that after 30 weeks’ gestation fractional anisotropy is significantly higher in placentas associated with growth restricted pregnancies. This shows the potential of diffusion MRI derived measures of anisotropy for assessing placental function during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Prenatal Use of Sildenafil in Fetal Growth Restriction and Its Effect on Neonatal Tissue Oxygenation—A Retrospective Analysis of Hemodynamic Data From Participants of the Dutch STRIDER Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fieke Terstappen ◽  
Anne E. Richter ◽  
A. Titia Lely ◽  
Freek E. Hoebeek ◽  
Ayten Elvan-Taspinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation

Objective: Sildenafil is under investigation as a potential agent to improve uteroplacental perfusion in fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, the STRIDER RCT was halted after interim analysis due to futility and higher rates of persistent pulmonary hypertension and mortality in sildenafil-exposed neonates. This hypothesis-generating study within the Dutch STRIDER trial sought to understand what happened to these neonates by studying their regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) within the first 72 h after birth.Methods: Pregnant women with FGR received 25 mg placebo or sildenafil thrice daily within the Dutch STRIDER trial. We retrospectively analyzed the cerebral and renal rSO2 monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in a subset of neonates admitted to two participating neonatal intensive care units, in which NIRS is part of standard care. Secondarily, blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed to aid interpretation. Differences in oxygenation levels and interaction with time (slope) between placebo- and sildenafil-exposed groups were tested using mixed effects analyses with multiple comparisons tests.Results: Cerebral rSO2 levels were not different between treatment groups (79 vs. 77%; both n = 14) with comparable slopes. Sildenafil-exposed infants (n = 5) showed lower renal rSO2 than placebo-exposed infants (n = 6) during several time intervals on day one and two. At 69–72 h, however, the sildenafil group showed higher renal rSO2 than the placebo group. Initially, diastolic blood pressure was higher and heart rate lower in the sildenafil than the placebo group, which changed during day two.Conclusions: Although limited by sample size, our data suggest that prenatal sildenafil alters renal but not cerebral oxygenation in FGR neonates during the first 72 post-natal hours. The observed changes in renal oxygenation could reflect a vasoconstrictive rebound from sildenafil. Similar changes observed in accompanying vital parameters support this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy induces fetal growth restriction and downregulated placental system A amino acid transport in the rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Alkhalefah ◽  
Warwick Dunn ◽  
James W Allwood ◽  
Kate L Parry ◽  
Franchesca Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
System A

During Ramadan, many pregnant Muslim women fast between dawn and sunset. Although the impacts of prolonged maternal intermittent fasting (IF) on fetal growth and placental function are under-researched, reported effects include reduced placental weight and birth weight. In this study, pregnant Wistar rats were used to model repeated cycles of IF on fetal development and placental function and to examine sex-specific effects. In the IF group, food was withdrawn daily from 17:00 to 09:00 over 21 days of gestation, while the control group received food ad libitum. Both groups had free water access. IF dams consumed less food, had significantly reduced weight compared to controls, with reduced plasma glucose and amino acids. Both fetal sexes were significantly lighter in the IF group, with reduced fetal plasma amino acids. Placental weights and morphology were unchanged. The profile of placental metabolites was altered in the IF group with sex-specific responses evident. Transplacental flux of 14C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (14C-MeAIB), a system A amino acid transporter substrate, was significantly reduced in both fetal sexes in the IF group. Sodium-dependent 14C-MeAIB uptake into isolated placental plasma membrane vesicles was unchanged. The gene expression of system A transporter Slc38a1, Slc38a2 and Slc38a4 was upregulated in IF male placentas only. No changes were observed in placental SNAT1 and SNAT2 protein expression. Maternal IF results in detrimental impacts on maternal physiology and fetal development, with changes in the placental and fetal metabolite profiles. Reduced placental system A transporter activity may be responsible for fetal growth restriction in both sexes.

scholarly journals Circulating SPINT1 is a biomarker of pregnancies with poor placental function and fetal growth restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino ◽  
Teresa M. MacDonald ◽  
Ping Cannon ◽  
Tuong-Vi Nguyen ◽  
Richard J. Hiscock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Function
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