Fiber Design with Effective Area over 100 μm2 for Long-haul Communication Lines

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Area ◽  
Fiber Design ◽  
Communication Lines

Large-effective-area dispersion-compensating fiber design based on dual-core microstructure

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 4505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Prabhakar ◽  
Akshit Peer ◽  
Vipul Rastogi ◽  
Ajeet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Effective Area ◽  
Fiber Design ◽  
Dual Core ◽  
Large Effective Area

Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber Design With Ultralarge Effective Area and Low Bending Loss for Ultrahigh-Speed WDM Transmission

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Matsui ◽  
Taiji Sakamoto ◽  
Kyozo Tsujikawa ◽  
Shigeru Tomita ◽  
Makoto Tsubokawa
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Design ◽  
Bending Loss ◽  
Wdm Transmission

A Novel Photonic Crystal Fiber Design for Large Effective Area and High Negative Dispersion

2008 ◽  
Vol E91-C (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. HAI ◽  
Y. NAMIHIRA ◽  
F. BEGUM ◽  
S. F. KAIJAGE ◽  
T. KINJO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Negative Dispersion ◽  
Fiber Design ◽  
Large Effective Area

Hydrostatic Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor with position sensitive detector

Metrologiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
V. N. Astapov ◽  
I. N. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Triangulation Sensor

This article presents the rationale and methodology for developing an intrinsically safe device, namely, a hydrostatic fiber optic sensor with a position-sensitive detector for monitoring the level of oil products in large-capacity tanks at oil depots and during pumping in a raw material warehouses. This device suitable for continuous monitoring of the liquid level, based on the measurement of a hydrostatic column of liquid with automatic offset of changes in the density of the liquid. Offset is carried out by means of a displacer (a fully submerged float), inside which a housing with a position-sensitive detector (PSD) is integrated. Theoretical validation of the bellows suspension usage for a displacer is given. During filling a container with a liquid whose level is measured, liquid bellows, the movement of which is recorded by an optical triangulation sensor using the reflected infrared ray incident on the bottom of the bellows. The principle of the triangulation sensor operation is based on the geometric properties of the triangles. The pulses of infrared radiation come through a fiber optic cable. In order to measure the movement of the surface (the bottom of the bellows) by measuring the movement of the reflected beam, a position-sensitive detector is used, which is located in a remote controller. In this device for the intrinsic safety problem solution, optical inputs of a fiber optic flat cable are located in the active zone of the sensor, which is connected to the optical inputs of a position-sensitive detector, operated on the principles of photoelectric effect. The light spot moving along the sensitive zone and converted by the detector into a one-dimensional signal proportional to the distance to the object. hydrostatically applies pressure over the entire effective area of the measuring

The Results of the Use of Angiotensin Receptor Inhibitors and Neprilisin in Secondary Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Outpatient Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-522
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Ryazanov ◽  
Konstantin I. Kapitonov ◽  
Mariya V. Makarovskaya ◽  
Alexey A. Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Functional Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Valsartan Group

Background. Morbidity and mortality in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) remains high, however, no pharmacological therapy has been proven to be effective.Aimsto study the effect of sacubitrile/valsartan and valsartan on functional mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure.Methods.This double-blind study randomly assigned sacubitrile/valsartan or valsartan in addition to standard drug therapy for heart failure among 100 patients with heart failure with chronic FMR (secondary to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction). The primary endpoint was a change in the effective area of the regurgitation hole during the 12-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints included changes in the volume of regurgitation, the final systolic volume of the left ventricle, the final diastolic volume of the left ventricle, and the area of incomplete closure of the mitral valves.Results.The decrease in the effective area of the regurgitation hole was significantly more pronounced in the sacubitrile/valsartan group than in the valsartan group (0.070.066against0.030.058sm2; p=0.018)in the treatment efficacy analysis, which included 100patients (100%). The regurgitation volume also significantly decreased in the sacubitrile/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group (mean difference:8.4ml; 95%CI, from 13.2 until 1.9;р=0.21). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding changes in the area ofincomplete closure of the mitral valves and LV volumes, with the exception of the index of the final LV diastolic volume (p=0.07).Conclusion.Among patients with secondary FMR, sacubitril/valsartan reduced MR more than valsartan. Thus, angiotensin receptor inhibitors and neprilysin can be considered for optimal drug treatment of patients with heart failure and FMR.

Investigation of signals with spectrum extension for protection of satellite communication lines from possible interference

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Alexey Musaev ◽  
◽  
Sergey Zinkin ◽  
Igor Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Communication Lines

The use of signals with spectrum expansion allows us to effectively solve the problems of multi-station access to a repeater for a large number of subscribers. The article presents a study of signals with spectrum extension to protect satellite communication lines from possible interference. Directions for further experimental research are recommended.

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