scholarly journals The critical size of brittle solid materials and the measurement of their surface tension

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Elias Stamboliadis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of the energy required to break a particle or a particulate material vs. particle size has been studied by many researchers. On the one hand, mineral processing engineers, who are interested in the specific energy (in joules per cubic meter or joules per kilogram) required for grinding, almost agree that it is inversely proportional to the particle size, although they might disagree on the type of the relationship. On the other hand, building and structural engineers, who are mainly interested in the strength of materials (in newtons per square meter or pascals), they almost agree that at the size range of the elements used, their strength depends on the quality of the material rather than its size. The present article shows that both groups of engineers are right about the size range of the bodies used by each one. However, there is a critical size that determines the fracture behavior of a brittle material. The definition of the critical size can be used to understand the practical results obtained as well as to measure the surface tension of the tested materials.

scholarly journals SARTRE’O BURTŲ LAZDELĖ. NIHILISTINĖ VAIZDUOTĖS LAISVĖ IR FENOMENOLOGIJA

Problemos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Kristupas Sabolius
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Magic Wand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Jau Husserlio svarstymuose apie fantaziją randame punktyriškų nuorodų į svarbų jos veikimo aspektą – sąmonę, kuri, sužadinta galimybių regėjimo, atveria nederminuotų pasaulių perspektyvą. Šį klausimą praplečia ir visa jėga išplėtoja Sartre’as. Vaizduotė yra sąmonės laisvė – tai iš esmės pagrindinė veikalo „Imaginaire“ mintis. Tačiau šioje laisvėje slypi pamatinis ir neišskaidomas dvilypumas, gal net trilypumas. Kaip sako Sartre’as, „įsivaizdavimo aktas yra vienu ypu konstituojantis, izoliuojantis ir įniekinantis“. O tai reiškia, kad vaizduotiškai nihilistinė struktūra visose sąmonės fazėse identifikuojama kaip esminė žmogaus ir pasaulio santykio apibrėžtis. Pozicionuoti pasaulį kaip pasaulį ar jį „įniekinti“ (néantir) yra tas pats dalykas. Knygoje „L’être et le néant“ aprašoma sąmonė Niekį aptinka savo žvilgsnyje, kuris steigia akiračius ir apgaubia daiktus aureolėmis. Sartre’as sako: „mes matome, kaip niekis vaivorykštės spalvomis nuspalvina pasaulį, žaižaruoja ant daiktų“. Tai reiškia, kad Niekis užklumpa pasaulį kartu su šiuo matymu. Nihilistinės ligos pasirodymo metastazes, kurias priskiriame pasauliui, turime suvokti ne kaip daiktų savybes, bet vien tik kaip mūsų pačių santykį su daiktais, kaip tam tikrą intencionalumo, veikiančio pagal koordinacinę įsivaizdavimo logiką, išraišką.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: fenomenologija, vaizduotė, laisvė, nihilizmas, niekis.Sartre’s Magic Wand. Phenomenology and Nihilistic Freedom of ImaginationKristupas Sabolius SummaryIn Husserl’s writings on fantasy, one could already find references to an important aspect of its function, the one of the consciousness which, stimulated by the vision of its possibilities, opens the perspective of undetermined worlds. The latter topic is widely developed by Sartre. Imagination is the freedom of consciousness, this is the main idea of his Imaginaire. However, this freedom conceals a fundamental duplicity or even triplicity. As Sartre puts it, “the act of imagination is at the same time constituting, isolating and nihilating”. Consequently, the nihilistic and imaginary structure is identified in all the phases of consciousness as the essential definition of the relationship of human being to the world. To pose the world as the world or to nihilate (néantir) it is the same thing. In the description of L’être et le Néant, consciousness finds Nothingness in its own sight which constitutes horizons and covers things with halos. It means that Nothingness enters the world together with the sight and is supposed to be considered as an intentionality functioning according to the coordinating logics of imagination.Keywords: phenomenology, imagination, freedom, nihilism, Nothingness.

Transcending Tragedy: The Idea of Civility

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Tinder
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Human Control ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

This article belongs in the area of what Karl Jaspers calls “existential elucidation.” It is concerned less with political ideals than with the relationship of the person to those ideals and to the realities that often contradict them.During recent centuries political activity has been increasingly governed by the confidence that history is under human control. The tragedies and disappointments of the twentieth century, however, cast serious doubt on this confidence. Thus it is incumbent on us to reconsider man's whole stance in relation to history. The core of the article is the definition of an alternative stance, which I call “civility.”The clue to civility was provided by Plato when he suggested, in The Republic, that although the ideal city probably could not be realized in history, its form might be reproduced here and there in the souls of individuals. In pursuance of this clue, civility is defined, on the one hand, as partial detachment from action, and from the ideological preoccupations frequently accompanying action, and, on the other hand, as concentration on governance of the self. Although such governance entails historical independence, it does not set one apart from others; on the contrary, its fundamental principle is openess to the totality of the human.

Pensare Dio. Spunti di riflessione in dialogo con Anca Vasiliu

Elenchos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

AbstractThe following work features elements to ponder and an in-depth explanation taken on the Anca Vasiliu’s study about the possibilities and ways of thinking of God by a rational entity, such as the human being. This is an ever relevant topic that, however, takes place in relation to Platonic authors and texts, especially in Late Antiquity. The common thread is that the human being is a God’s creature who resembles him and who is image of. Nevertheless, this also applies within the Christian Trinity according to which, not without problems, the Son is the image of the Father. Lastly, also the relationship of the Spirit with the Father and the Son, always within the Trinity, can be considered as a relationship of similarity, but again not without critical issues between the similarity of attributes, on the one hand, and the identity of nature, on the other.

Ex Meritis Praevisis: Predestination, Grace, and Free Will in intra-Jesuit Controversies (1587-1613)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-150
Author(s):  
Eleonora Rai
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Sovereign Authority ◽  
Theological Debate ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
God’S Foreknowledge ◽  
Catholic Theological

AbstractThis article retraces the intra-Jesuit theological debates on the theology of salvation, including the relationship between the elements of predestination, God’s foreknowledge, Grace, and free will, in the delicate passage between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, and within the debates on Augustine’s theological legacy. Specifically, it explores the Flemish Jesuit Leonard Lessius’ theology and the discussions raised by it within the Society of Jesus, in order to show how soteriology has been central in the process of self-definition of the Jesuit identity in the Early Modern Age. This is particularly clear from the internal debates developed between Lessius, on the one hand, and General Claudio Acquaviva and curial theologian Roberto Bellarmino, on the other hand. Not only does the article investigate little known aspects of intra-Catholic theological debate in the post Tridentine period, but it also shows how deep pastoral and moral concerns strongly contributed to the rise of Lessius’ open-minded theology of salvation, which seemed to deprive God’s sovereign authority in favour of humankind’s free will, and human agency in the process of salvation.

The Relationship of Particle Size to Olfactory Nerve Uptake of a Non-Soluble Form of Manganese Into Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence D. Fechter ◽  
David L. Johnson ◽  
Robert A. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Serum IGF1, metabolic syndrome, and incident cardiovascular disease in older people: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa C van Bunderen ◽  
Mirjam M Oosterwerff ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Dorly J H Deeg ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Older People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveHigh as well as low levels of IGF1 have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The relationship of IGF1 with (components of) the metabolic syndrome could help to clarify this controversy. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the association of IGF1 concentration with prevalent (components of) the metabolic syndrome; and ii) to examine the role of (components of) the metabolic syndrome in the relationship between IGF1 and incident CVD during 11 years of follow-up.MethodsData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a cohort study in a representative sample of the Dutch older population (≥65 years). Data were available in 1258 subjects. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the definition of the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. CVD were ascertained by self-reports and mortality data.ResultsLevels of IGF1 in the fourth quintile were associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest quintile (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.33). The middle up to the highest quintile of IGF1 was positively associated with high triglycerides in women. Metabolic syndrome was not a mediator in the U-shaped relationship of IGF1 with CVD. Both subjects without the metabolic syndrome and low IGF1 levels (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.71) and subjects with the metabolic syndrome and high IGF1 levels (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.21–4.28) demonstrated increased risks of CVD.ConclusionsIn older people, high-normal IGF1 levels are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and high triglycerides. Furthermore, this study suggests the presence of different pathomechanisms for both low and high IGF1 levels and incident CVD.

scholarly journals Socio-legal studies and the humanities – law, interdisciplinarity and integrity

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Moral Sensibility ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Psychological Significance ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper was delivered as a plenary lecture, designed to respond to the one-day special conference focus upon links between socio-legal studies and the humanities.1 The paper focuses in particular upon the relationship between law and the humanities. It may be argued that the role of empirically sourced socio-legal research is well accepted, given its tangible utility in terms of producing hard data which can inform and transform policy perspectives. However, scholarly speculation about the relationship between law and the humanities ranges from the indulgent to the hostile. In particular, legal scholars aligning themselves as ‘black letter’ commentators express strong opinions about such links, suggesting that scholarship purporting to establish links between the two fields is essentially spurious, bearing in mind the purposive role of law as a problem-solving mechanism. The paper sets out to challenge such assertions, indicating the natural connections between the two fields and the philosophical necessity of continued interaction, given the fact that certain aspects of human experience and nature cannot be plumbed by doctrine or empiricism or even by combinations of the two. Law must be understood to stand at the nexus of human experience, in a relationship of integrity, where the word is understood to mean both morally principled and culturally integrated. In particular, the development of human qualities, of character and moral sensibility informing normative values – and, ultimately, engagement with the world of law – is a process of subtle cultural as well as psychological significance, and may benefit from interrogation deriving from the wider fields of human discourse.

On the Very Idea of Civilisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Luke O’Sullivan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Clash Of Civilisations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Contemporary Liberalism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of civilisation is a controversial one because it is unavoidably normative in its implications. Its historical associations with the effort of Western imperialism to impose substantive conditions of life have made it difficult for contemporary liberalism to find a definition of “civilization” that can be reconciled with progressive discourse that seeks to avoid exclusions of various kinds. But because we lack a way of identifying what is peculiar to the relationship of civilisation that avoids the problem of domination, it has tended to be conflated with other ideas. Taking Samuel Huntington's idea of a “Clash of Civilisations” as a starting point, this article argues that we suffer from a widespread confusion of civilisation with “culture,” and that we also confuse it with other ideas including modernity and technological development. Drawing on Thomas Hobbes, the essay proposes an alternative definition of civilisation as the existence of limits on how we may treat others.

Antitrust compliance: system standardization issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
V. V. Soloviev, ◽  
S. V. Yushkin ◽  
S. V. Maksimov*
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Compliance

The article examines the etymology and prehistory of the introduction of the institution of antimonopoly compliance in Russian business practice, the relationship of this institution with the institution of general compliance. The article considers the definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance, enshrined in the new article 91 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition".The authors propose their own definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance as an activity of an economic entity aimed at ensuring compliance with antimonopoly legislation by employees of an economic entity and an economic entity as a whole by preventing and suppressing violations of the requirements of such legislation and regulatory legal and law enforcement acts based on it.The authors also substantiate the advisability of developing a special national standard GOST R "System of internal compliance with the requirements of antimonopoly legislation (antimonopoly compliance system) of an economic entity".It is noted that the effectiveness of the antimonopoly compliance system will depend not only on the ability of an economic entity to form an antimonopoly compliance system on the basis of an appropriate national standard, but also on the state's ability to determine and guarantee effective incentives to comply with antimonopoly legislation.The authors substantiate the advisability of supplementing the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with provisions that provide for the obligation and limits to reduce the amount of punishment or replace the punishment with a softer one in the event of an anticompetitive administrative offense by a person who has implemented an effective system of antimonopoly compliance.

scholarly journals Emotionally evaluative attitude of parents in the high conflict families to each other and the child

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
S.S. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dysfunctional Families ◽  
Psychiatric Examination ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conflictual Relationship

The increasing number of dysfunctional families causes an increase in the number of civil litigation on the education of the child, where the relationship between the persons are highly conflictual. The actual task is study the one of components in the structure of the psychological relationship - emotional and semantic constructs underlying semantic perception of each other and the child's parents. Examination of 42 testees (parents) from harmonious families and 54 testees (parents) during the forensic psychological and psychiatric examination (regarding the definition of child`s residence or the order of meetings for the child and the parent who don`t live with it) by methods "Geometric test of relations" and "Semantic Differential" showed that in families where is highly conflictual relationship, there is positive assessments of herself and her child, while assessment of the spouse (wife) characterized inversion. This negative attitude toward the spouse (wife) is not the other parent's negative characteristics. It is the ignoring the other parent's positive characteristics. The positive acceptance of all family members was revealed in harmonious families.

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