Reagent Purity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Stephenson ◽  
Ian G. Ferris ◽  
Patrick T. Holland ◽  
Monica Nordberg
Keyword(s):  
Reagent Purity

General procedures in chain-growth polymerization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Aragrag ◽  
Dario C. Castiglione
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Reagent Purity ◽  
Step Growth

This chapter is intended to provide a general introduction to the laboratory techniques used in polymer synthesis, by focusing on some relatively well-known polymerizations that occur by chain-growth processes. In this way some of the more commonly used procedures in polymer chemistry are described. Due to the nature of the intermediates produced, such as free radicals, carbanions, carbocations, together with a range of organometallic species, the techniques often involve handling compounds in the complete absence of oxygen and moisture. Because of this the best results may require quite sophisticated equipment and glassware; however, it is our intention to show that the general procedures are accessible to any reasonably equipped laboratory, and indeed some of the techniques are suitable for use in an undergraduate teaching laboratory. Chain-growth polymerization involves the sequential step-wise addition of monomer to a growing chain. Usually, the monomer is unsaturated, almost always a derivative of ethene, and most commonly vinylic, that is, a monosubstituted ethane, 1 particularly where the growing chain is a free radical. For such monomers, the polymerization process is classified by the way in which polymerization is initiated and thus the nature of the propagating chain, namely anionic, cationic, or free radical; polymerization by coordination catalyst is generally considered separately as the nature of the growing chain-end may be less clear and coordination may bring about a substantial level of control not possible with other methods. Ring-opening polymerizations exhibit many of the features of chain-growth polymerization, but may also show some of the features expected from stepgrowth polymerizations. However, it is probably fair to say that from a practical point of view the techniques involved are rather similar or the same as those used in chain-growth processes and consequently some examples of ring-opening processes are provided here. It is particularly instructive to consider the requirements of chain-growth compared to step-growth processes in terms of the demands for reagent purity and reaction conditions.

scholarly journals Performance verification and measurement uncertainty estimation for the determination of sodium chloride in butter

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Thalita Cristhina de Lima Moura ◽  
Beatriz Galdino Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Roberto Salomão David ◽  
Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena ◽  
Marcelo Farias de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Performance Verification ◽  
Reagent Purity ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty Estimation

The minimum parameters of identity and quality of butters in Brazil are governed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. From them it is possible to carry out the performance verification of the methodologies to guarantee the results reliability. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the performance of the method of determination of NaCl in butter, based on ISO 1738:2004, evaluating accuracy, precision and the limit of quantification (LOQ). The precision was obtained since the coefficients of variation found in the tests were lower than the Horwitz value. The accuracy was approved as a consequence of the confirmation of the proficiency having as provider the FAPAS. The LOQ of 0.41g of NaCl/100g of butter was established by evaluating the accuracy and the recovery in a NaCl content determination test, using a solution prepared with Certified Reference Material. To assure quality, the uncertainty associated with the NaCl measurement was also estimated, through the evaluation of the possible sources of uncertainty, among which were: weighing, analyzer, glassware and the reagent purity, with a measurement uncertainty of 0.03g NaCl/100g of sample. Finally, it was verified the conformity of the NaCl content in commercial samples according to the Brazilian legislation.

Hemolysis and Reagent Purity as Factors Causing Erratic Results in the Estimation of Vitamin A and Carotene in Serum by the Bessey-Lowry Method

1958 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Utley ◽  
Eileen R. Brodovsky ◽  
William N. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reagent Purity ◽  
Lowry Method

Determination of chiral reagent purity by capillary electrophoresis

1995 ◽  
Vol 715 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Engström ◽  
H. Wan ◽  
P.E. Andersson ◽  
B. Josefsson
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Chiral Reagent ◽  
Reagent Purity

Effects of reagent purity on plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium in an aluminate–phosphate electrolyte

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aliasghari ◽  
A. Němcová ◽  
J. Čížek ◽  
A. Gholinia ◽  
P. Skeldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Reagent Purity ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Phosphate Electrolyte
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