Bound Residue

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Stephenson ◽  
Ian G. Ferris ◽  
Patrick T. Holland ◽  
Monica Nordberg
Keyword(s):  
Chemosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Qingfu Ye ◽  
Ling Yue ◽  
Zhiyang Yu ◽  
Ailiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (15) ◽  
pp. 8348-8354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
Bingqi Jiang ◽  
Lianhong Wang ◽  
Jianqiu Chen ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1815-1820
Author(s):  
Hamdy R Soltan ◽  
Fawkia A Abd El-Megeed ◽  
Fathia I Mustafa ◽  
Hanafy M Ismail

Abstract A sensitive and selective indirect competitive ELISA was developed for the detection of deltamethrin bound residues on cotton texture. Cross-reactivity studies with the main deltamethrin photodegradation products showed high specificity of deltamethrin polyclonal antibody to the parent compound. No cross-reactivity was measured with deltamethrin photodegradtion products derived from the alcohol moiety (3-phenoxybenzaldhyde, phenoxybenzyl alcohol, cyanohydrin, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid), and lesser amounts were observed with the acid moiety (deltamethric acid). The dot-blot immunoassay was performed on cotton fabric discs spiked with deltamethrin and irradiated to assess the suitability of this system to detect bound residue. The dot-blot immunoassay results revealed that the bound form of deltamethrin has binding affinity with deltamethrin antibody similar to the parent compound. In addition, the test system was used to detect bound and free residues of deltamethrin on cotton samples exposed to three cycles of simulated sunlight and water wash. The results obtained suggest that the competitive ELISA format can be used as a tool for monitoring free and bound residues of deltamethrin impregnated on cotton targets.


1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Guest ◽  
Suzanne C. Fitzpatrick

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 5523-5530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Raeke ◽  
Oliver J. Lechtenfeld ◽  
Bettina Seiwert ◽  
Till Meier ◽  
Christina Riemenschneider ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jun Shan ◽  
Bingqi Jiang ◽  
Lianhong Wang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Soil ◽  

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schwarz ◽  
H. Knicker ◽  
G. E. Schaumann ◽  
S. Thiele-Bruhn

Sulfonamides are consumed as pharmaceutical antibiotics and reach agricultural soils with excreta used as fertilizer. Subsequently, nonextractable residues rapidly form in soil, which has been researched in a couple of studies. To further elucidate conditions, strength, and mechanisms of the fixation to soil humic substances, three selected sulfonamides were investigated using the biochemical oligomerization of substituted phenols as a model for the humification process. Catechol, guaiacol, and vanillin were enzymatically reacted using laccase fromTrametes versicolor. In the presence of the substituted phenols alone, the concentration of sulfonamides decreased. This decrease was even more pronounced when additional laccase was present. Upon the enzymatic oligomerization of the substituted phenols to a humic-like structure the sulfonamides were sorbed, transformed, sequestered, and nonextractable bound. Sulfonamides were transformed depending on their molecular properties. Fractions of different bonding strength were determined using a sequential extraction procedure. Isolated nonextractable products were analyzed by chromatographic, spectroscopic, and calorimetric methods to identify coupling and bonding mechanisms of the sulfonamides. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements suggested cross-linking of such incorporated sulfonamides in humic oligomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements showed clear differences between the vanillin-sulfapyridine oligomer and the parent sulfapyridine indicating bound residue formation through covalent binding.


Chemosphere ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Berns ◽  
Ralph Vinken ◽  
Marko Bertmer ◽  
Andrea Breitschwerdt ◽  
Andreas Schäffer
Keyword(s):  

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
John Joseph Ryan ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann

Abstract Two heifers were implanted with 300 mg of the radiolabeled anabolic steroid, trenbolone acetate (TBA). After a 60 day slaughter and a 60 day removal followed by 76 day slaughter, total 3H-content in various tissues was 0.5—25 ng/g equivalents of TBA. Radioimmunoassay of the tissues showed that only 1-5% of the total residue present was TBA, its main metabolite trenbolone (TBOH), and TBOH glucuronide, plus up to 5% of other organic-soluble material. Of the radioactivity remaining about half was directly water-soluble, and the insoluble residue could be made water-soluble by treatment with the proteolytic enzymes pepsin and trypsin. These 2 portions were purified with Sephadex G-25 to give a low and high molecular weight fraction. Raney nickel reduction of sulfur bonds in either fraction released up to 50% of radioactivity into the organic phase. TLC showed that the latter contained 2 components which had characteristics similar to TBOH and its metabolites, and thus were at least partly drug-related metabolites. In vitro experiments with bovine liver also showed a small but definite protein binding. It is proposed that in dealing with these covalently bound residues, priority be given to the reactive drug intermediate and the type of binding to macromolecules rather than to the presence of the bound residue itself.


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