The Use of Diffusive Sampling for Monitoring of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene in Ambient Air

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Brown ◽  
M. D. Wright ◽  
N. T. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Diffusive Sampling ◽  
Benzene Toluene

The use of diffusive sampling for monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylene in ambient air

1999 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1993-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Brown ◽  
M. D. Wright ◽  
N. T. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Diffusive Sampling ◽  
Diffusive Sampler ◽  
Workplace Monitoring ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The Uk

A diffusive sampler, originally developed for workplace monitoring of organic vapours has been evaluated for its potential for monitoring ambient air quality, particularly for benzene, toluene and xylene.The diffusive sampling rate, which is different for workplace and ambient air applications because of the wide differences in concentration levels and times of exposure, has been determined accurately, and been shown to be similar to other independent estimates determined from field studies or by exposing samplers to standard test atmospheres. In each case, the actual mass concentration of the aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air or test atmosphere has been established by an independent calibrated method, usually using pumped sampling and the diffusive sampling rates of parallel diffusive samplers determined from these concentrations. The potential for using such samplers for monitoring ambient air has been demonstrated in two local studies, at car parks and in a street canyon, and in three area studies, at urban (Sheffield), regional (UK) and global (world) levels. In addition, the diffusive sampler has been evaluated alongside the UK VOCair measuring instruments in the UK fixed monitoring stations, where in view of the uncertainties involved, similar results were obtained.These studies also gave useful insight into the practicability of employing these devices, their use by untrained personnel and their ruggedness in transportation and use.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in the air of the city of Astana using solid phase microextraction

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dina Orazbayeva ◽  
Ulzhalgas Karatayeva ◽  
Kulzhan Beysembayeva ◽  
Kulyash Meyramkulova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

316 Measurements of hydrogen sulfide in ambient air by diffusive sampling devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009.19 (0) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
Yasufumi OTSUBO ◽  
Shingo HASHIMOTO ◽  
Shigehisa UCHIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Diffusive Sampling

scholarly journals Monitoring of volatile organic compounds in ambient air of Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Lyazzat Serik ◽  
Olga Ibragimova ◽  
Gulim Ussenova ◽  
Nassiba Baimatova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The World ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Almost All

The pollution of ambient air is one of the main sources of risk to human health in the world. There is a direct relationship between the level of air pollution and risk of the development of cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory and other diseases. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX) are one of the most toxic volatile organic compounds. The aim of this study was to quantify BTEX in air of Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection. In different sampling seasons, average concentrations of four BTEX analytes varied from 7.5 to 27 µg/m3, from 15 to 250 µg/m3, from 2.4 to 12.8 µg/m3 and from 2.6 to 21 µg/m3, respectively. The highest concentrations of TEX were detected in autumn, while the highest concentrations of benzene were observed in winter. Toluene-to-benzene ratios in almost all measurements were above 1 indicating that the traffic emissions are the main source of air pollution with BTEX.

scholarly journals One-year monitoring of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas of Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
N S S L Hawari ◽  
M T Latif ◽  
M Othman ◽  
N M Hanif ◽  
H H A Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
One Year ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract VOCs have been one of the important limiting factors of O3 photochemical production in the urban tropical region. This study aims to determine the variation and composition of aromatic VOCs as well as their contribution to the O3 formation. The hourly data of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and ozone (O3) were retrieved from January until December 2019 at three continuous air quality monitoring stations (S1, S2 and S3) operated by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Aromatic VOCs is detected by using an online gas chromatography analyser (GC 5000BTX). The annual average ΣBTEX concentrations ranged from 14.53 ± 12.43 μg m-3 to 25.04 ± 24.04 μg m-3 during the observation period, with toluene as the most dominant species with an average concentration of 10.65 ± 12.12 μg m-3. The O3 formation potential (OFP) was calculated and the results indicated that toluene is the highest contributor of O3-forming potential, followed by m, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene and benzene with the value of 127.8 μg m-3 (40.90 %), 103.0 μg m-3 (32.97 %), 48.66 μg m-3 (15.58 %), 26.17 μg m-3 (8.38 %) and 6.74 μg m-3 (2.15 %), respectively. Since the study of VOCs in Malaysia is quite limited, a more comprehensive study is currently underway to integrate the research on variation of VOCs in ambient air and its impact on the environment and human health.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of workers’ exposure to BTEX and hazardous area classification at gasoline stations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249913
Author(s):  
Sunisa Chaiklieng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Area Classification

Vaporization of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds pollutes the air and causes health hazards at gasoline stations. This study revealed the risk of BTEX exposure according to the hazardous area classification at gasoline stations. The risk assessment of gasoline workers from a representative group of 47 stations, which followed the United States Environmental Protection Agency-IRIS method of assessing BTEX exposure, was expressed as the hazard index (HI). A result of matrix multipliers of the hazardous exposure index and fire possibility from flammable gas classified hazardous area-I and area-II at the fuel dispensers. BTEX concentrations were actively sampled in ambient air and a flammable gas detector was used to measure the flammability level. Results showed that the BTEX concentrations from ambient air monitoring were in the range of 0.1–136.9, 8.1–406.0, 0.8–24.1 and 0.4–105.5 ppb for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively, which exceeded the NIOSH exposure limit of 100 ppb of benzene concentration. The risk assessment indicated that five stations reached an unacceptable risk of worker exposure to BTEX (HI>1), which correlated with the numbers of gasoline dispensers and daily gasoline sold. The risk matrix classified hazardous area-I at 4 meters and hazardous area-II at 4–8 meters in radius around the fuel dispensers. This study revealed the hazardous areas at gasoline stations and suggests that entrepreneurs must strictly control the safety operation practice of workers, install vapor recovery systems on dispenser nozzles to control BTEX vaporization and keep the hazardous areas clear of fire ignition sources within an eight-meter radius of the dispensers.

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