scholarly journals Opportunistic Routing Using Prioritized Forwarders with Retransmission Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Yamazaki ◽  
Ryo Yamamoto ◽  
Takumi Miyoshi ◽  
Takuya Asaka ◽  
Yoshiaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Path Diversity ◽  
Transmission Success ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Retransmission Control

Abstract In ad hoc networks, broadcast-based forwarding protocols called opportunistic routing have been proposed. In general backoff-based opportunistic routing protocols, each receiver autonomously makes a forwarding decision using a random backoff time based on logical distance. However, each potential forwarder must wait for the expiration of the backoff timer before the packet forwarding. Moreover, they cannot gain forwarding path diversity in sparse environments. In this paper, we propose a novel forwarder selection method for opportunistic routing. In the proposed method, a terminal called, a prioritized forwarder, and which is selected from among neighbours and can forward packets without using the backoff time. In addition, we integrate a hop-by-hop retransmission control in the proposed method, which improves the packet transmission success rate in sparse environments. We evaluate the proposed method in comparison with the conventional protocols in computer simulations.

scholarly journals Mobility Impact on MANET Routing Protocols In Grid Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2691-2702
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mir Ali Al-Quzwini ◽  
Zeinab R. Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Transmission Time ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Grid Networks ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that are able to dynamically form a temporary network without any aid from fixed infrastructure or centralized administration due to no wired backbone.Ad Hoc networks are formed spontaneously and the nodes are highly mobile.Thispaper presents performance evaluations, comparisons, andanalysis for three routing protocols (AODV, DSR, and OLSR)to bring out their relative meritsundervarying network size and mobilitywith  various speed and pause times. The simulation is carried out using OMNET++ simulator based on the quantitative basic parameters like throughput, Packet transmission Ratio (PTR),packet transmission time delay and protocol overhead .The  nodes are distributed randomly in a grid network topology and mobile nodes moving using Random Waypoint mobility models. The results demonstrate that, undervarious node speeds and pause timesfor different network size, AODVoutperforms DSR and OLSR protocols, with respect to networkthroughput (by 0.9% and 4.4%, respectively). For protocoloverhead,DSR has lower overhead than both AODV and OLSR protocols (by 13.4% and 65.5%, respectively). In contrast, thepacket transmission time delay when using OLSR is shorter than whenusing both AODV (by 81.7%) and DSR (by 76.7%). 

scholarly journals Optimized Opportunistic Routing in Highly Dynamic Ad hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Menon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Opportunistic Routing is a promising paradigm that has been proposed for efficient and reliable transfer of data packets in mobile ad hoc networks. This routing strategy takes advantage of the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to increase the number of probable forwarding devices and improves the reliability of data transfer in the network. Opportunistic Routing utilizes the reception of the same broadcasted packet at multiple devices in the network and selects one best forwarder dynamically from the set of multiple receivers. A number of opportunistic routing protocols have been proposed over these years for effective data delivery in ad hoc networks. But as the speed and mobility of devices increases in the network, performances of the existing opportunistic routing protocols degrade considerably, leading to reduced Quality of Service and poor transmission efficiency. The exceptional potential of opportunistic routing is thus underutilized. In this research we introduce Optimized Opportunistic Routing (OOR) strategy that guarantee excellent Quality of Service and high transmission efficiency to the latest applications using opportunistic routing for communication in highly dynamic ad hoc networks. Simulation results show that our method achieve significant performance improvements compared to all other existing opportunistic routing protocols in highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficiency of Opportunistic Routing in Dynamic Ad Hoc Networks by Eliminating Duplicate Message Forwarding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Menon
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Hoc Networks

Opportunistic routing has emerged as one of the prominent solutions for efficient data delivery in ad hoc networks especially in highly dynamic scenarios. Opportunistic routing uses the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to increase the number of potential forwarding nodes in the network, thereby improving the delivery rate. But most of the proposed opportunistic routing protocols suffer from increased duplicate data forwarding at the intermediate nodes in the network which leads to increase in traffic and reduced efficiency. We propose a novel method which uses acknowledgements for controlling the data forwarding by intermediate nodes and thereby eliminating most of the duplicate forwarding in the network. Simulation results show that our proposed method is much more efficient that all the major existing opportunistic protocols.

scholarly journals Stability Aware Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks using multiple Route

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Aniket Mathuriya ◽  
Pushpraj Pal ◽  
Lovedeep Grover
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Expiration Time ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Stability

Previous work on routing in MANETs has resulted innumerous routing protocols that aim at satisfying constraints such asminimum hop or low energy. Existing routing protocols often fail todiscover stable routes between source and sink when route availabilityis transient, i.e., due to mobile devices switching their network cardsinto low-power sleep modes whenever no communication is takingplace. In this thesis, we introduce a new approach stability awaresource routing protocol that is capable of predicting the stability (i.e.,expiration time) of multiple routes. Proposed protocol selects the routethat minimizes hop count while staying available for the expectedduration of packet transmission. The stability aware routing (SAR)resolve the problem of SADSR protocol indicate a significant increasein route discovery success rate with comparable route establishmentand maintenance overheads.

Review on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for Dynamic Ad hoc Networks: Taxonomy, Applications and Future Research Directions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun G. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Hoc Networks

Opportunistic routing uses the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to increase the number of potential forwarding nodes in the network. This, in turn improves the delivery rate and reliability of data transmission in the network. Compared to all previous classes of protocols, opportunistic routing offers numerous advantages which is exploited by the latest applications for efficient communication and resource sharing in dynamic ad hoc networks. The objective of this research work is to review and classify all the major opportunistic routing protocols proposed for dynamic ad hoc networks. Further the issues and challenges with each of these existing protocol is discussed and future research directions are put forward.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for MANETs: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun G Menon
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Hoc Networks

Opportunistic routing is the latest technique that uses the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to increase the number of potential forwarding nodes in the network. This, in turn improves the delivery rate and reliability of data transmission in the network. Compared to all previous classes of routing protocols, opportunistic routing offers numerous advantages which is exploited by the latest applications for efficient communication and resource sharing in dynamic ad hoc networks. These applications provide dynamic communication in disaster recovery environments. The objective of this research work is to review and classify all the major opportunistic routing protocols proposed for dynamic ad hoc networks. Further the issues and challenges with each of these existing protocol is discussed and future research directions are put forward

scholarly journals Defense Against Co-Operative Black-hole Attack and Gray-hole Attack in MANET

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Panda ◽  
Binod Kumar Pattanayak
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) can be termed as an autonomous system created by the collaboration of a set of motile nodes communicating with one another through available wireless media and each node behaves as an end system, as well as a router for packet forwarding. Each node is allowed to move freely, change locations and configure them to form a network. Finding an optimal and efficient path between the sender and receiver node is the main aim of routing protocols. Multipath routing protocols show a better result in comparison to single path routing protocols, for data transmission from source to destination extending lifetime of the network. Along with that security in routing for a protected communication between nodes has become a prime concern as any attack during routing may interrupt data transmission, paralyzing the whole network. During packet transmission through multiple paths a number of attacks make come into action by the unauthenticated and compromised nodes present within the network and black-hole attack is one of them. So our objective is to design a multipath routing protocol that detects and avoids the path containing black-hole. Our paper proposes a way to defense the black-hole and gray-hole attacks with the help of intelligence in MANET.  

scholarly journals The ACO based Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S5) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks are gaining high importance in present days due to many civilian applications apart from regular military applications. Networks usually are designed using fixed infrastructure. Wherever fixed networks are not feasible, ad hoc network serve the purpose. Routing plays an important role in packet transmission, Multicast routing protocols designed for data transfer should consider both bandwidth and energy of the node. Many Ant colony Optimization (ACO) based routing approaches are proposed by researchers. In this paper three popular ACO based routing protocols ANTCHAIN, ANTALG and EMRP-AIPUR are compared using NS2 simulator. The results obtained show that EMRP-AIPUR shows better performance when compared to the other two protocols

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