scholarly journals 3D Reconstruction of Funnel Flow Boundary Using Automatic Point Set Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Selam Waktola ◽  
Krzysztof Grudzien ◽  
Laurent Babout
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Line ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Tomography ◽  
Segmented Image ◽  
Flow Boundary ◽  
Point Set ◽  
Funnel Flow

Abstract The paper presents an automatic point set extraction method for reconstructing 3D tomography images of funnel flow boundary. The method clearly shows the boundary between the funnel flow and stagnant zone during silo discharging process. After adjusting the contrast of the original X-ray CT image and applying filter function, the intensity profile of the image shows a high jump corresponding to the local flow boundary position at a specific height of the silo model. By extracting and connecting those jump points gave us a boundary line of the funnel flow from the stagnant. The outcome of segmented image opens a door for analysing further about funnel flow in 3D images.

3D Segmentation of Funnel Flow Boundary During Silo Emptying

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selam Waktola ◽  
Laurent Babout ◽  
Krzysztof Grudzien
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Interrogation Window ◽  
Stagnant Zone ◽  
In Situ Experiment ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Tomography ◽  
Flow Investigation ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Funnel Flow

Abstract The paper presents an automatic method for segmenting 3D tomography images of a funnel flow area, during silo emptying process. For generating 3D images the silo model was scanned using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) system. The method has been applied for a chosen single slice from 3D image. The image segmentation is based on the variance of pixels calculation in defined interrogation window (or kernel). The analysis of Signalto- Noise-Ratio (SNR) of the given image allows to improve the contrast in the image and facilitate the detection the boundary between funnel area and stagnant zone. The obtained results of image segmentation show a high potential in the silo flow investigation using in-situ experiment using X-ray visualization. Additionally, the study indicates that, the separation of the silo area into the funnel and stagnant zone parts is a very challenging task especially for the top and bottom area of silo where the contrast is the smallest.

scholarly journals Ceramic Biomaterial Pores Stereology Analysis by the Use of Microtomography

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207
Author(s):  
Żaneta Garczyk ◽  
Zbigniew Jaegermann ◽  
Piotr Duda ◽  
Andrzej S. Swinarew ◽  
Sebastian Stach
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Chemical Foaming

The main aim of this study was to analyze microtomographic data to determine the geometric dimensions of a ceramic porous material’s internal structure. Samples of a porous corundum biomaterial were the research material. The samples were prepared by chemical foaming and were measured using an X-ray scanner. In the next stage, 3D images of the samples were generated and analyzed using Thermo Scientific Avizo software. The analysis enabled the isolation of individual pores. Then, the parameters characterizing the pore geometry and the porosity of the samples were calculated. The last part of the research consisted of verifying the developed method by comparing the obtained results with the parameters obtained from the microscopic examinations of the biomaterial. The comparison of the results confirmed the correctness of the developed method. The developed methodology can be used to analyze biomaterial samples to assess the geometric dimensions of biomaterial pores.

scholarly journals Spectral Tomography for 3D Element Detection and Mineral Analysis

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Jose R. A. Godinho ◽  
Gabriel Westaway-Heaven ◽  
Marijn A. Boone ◽  
Axel D. Renno
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography

This paper demonstrates the potential of a new 3D imaging technique, Spectral Computed Tomography (sp-CT), to identify heavy elements inside materials, which can be used to classify mineral phases. The method combines the total X-ray transmission measured by a normal polychromatic X-ray detector, and the transmitted X-ray energy spectrum measured by a detector that discriminates between X-rays with energies of about 1.1 keV resolution. An analysis of the energy spectrum allows to identify sudden changes of transmission at K-edge energies that are specific of each element. The additional information about the elements in a phase improves the classification of mineral phases from grey-scale 3D images that would be otherwise difficult due to artefacts or the lack of contrast between phases. The ability to identify the elements inside the minerals that compose ore particles and rocks is crucial to broaden the application of 3D imaging in Earth sciences research and mineral process engineering, which will represent an important complement to traditional 2D imaging mineral characterization methods. In this paper, the first applications of sp-CT to classify mineral phases are showcased and the limitations and further developments are discussed.

scholarly journals Elemental Mapping Of Bone Strontium In Rats Treated With Strontium Ranelate And Strontium Citrate Using 2D Micro-XRF And 3D Dual Energy K-edge Subtraction X-ray Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arturo Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Strontium Ranelate ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Animal Bones

Strontium-based medications, such as strontium ranelate, have been shown to have therapeutic effects in the treatment of osteoporosis, other strontium salts are assumed to have similar effects on bone health. The objective of this study was to compare the distribution of strontium in animal bones following administration of strontium ranelate and strontium citrate. Humerus bones were collected from female Sprague-Dawley rats that were dosed daily over ten weeks with strontium ranelate and strontium citrate, and no strontium (control). Bones were imaged using 2D micro-XRF and 3D dual energy KES X-ray imaging. The 2D imaging revealed differences in strontium and calcium levels between samples from treated and non-treated animals (푝 < 0.001). 3D images obtained showed that strontium was observed to be largely present in the trabecular regions under the epiphyseal plate with concentrations of approximately 5 to 15 mg/cm3 in the bones of both strontium treated groups. The thickness of the strontium layers below the growth plate in both the strontium ranelate and strontium citrate sample were not significantly different (푝 = 0.9201). Both imaging studies performed in this work showed that strontium from both salts is heterogeneously distributed in newly formed bone during treatment.

scholarly journals A new imaging technology based on Compton X-ray scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Saá Hernández ◽  
Diego González-Díaz ◽  
Pablo Villanueva ◽  
Carlos Azevedo ◽  
Marcos Seoane
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Sensitive Volume ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Detector Design

A feasible implementation of a novel X-ray detector for highly energetic X-ray photons with a large solid angle coverage, optimal for the detection of Compton X-ray scattered photons, is described. The device consists of a 20 cm-thick sensitive volume filled with xenon at atmospheric pressure. When the Compton-scattered photons interact with the xenon, the released photoelectrons create clouds of secondary ionization, which are imaged using the electroluminescence produced in a custom-made multi-hole acrylic structure. Photon-by-photon counting can be achieved by processing the resulting image, taken in a continuous readout mode. Based on Geant4 simulations, by considering a realistic detector design and response, it is shown that photon rates up to at least 1011 photons s−1 on-sample (5 µm water-equivalent cell) can be processed, limited by the spatial diffusion of the photoelectrons in the gas. Illustratively, if making use of the Rose criterion and assuming the dose partitioning theorem, it is shown how such a detector would allow obtaining 3D images of 5 µm-size unstained cells in their native environment in about 24 h, with a resolution of 36 nm.

scholarly journals A study of the progression of damage in an axially loaded Branta leucopsis femur using X-ray computed tomography and digital image correlation

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zartasha Mustansar ◽  
Samuel A. McDonald ◽  
William Irvin Sellers ◽  
Phillip Lars Manning ◽  
Tristan Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Barnacle Goose ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

This paper uses X-ray computed tomography to track the mechanical response of a vertebrate (Barnacle goose) long bone subjected to an axial compressive load, which is increased gradually until failure. A loading rig was mounted in an X-ray computed tomography system so that a time-lapse sequence of three-dimensional (3D) images of the bone’s internal (cancellous or trabecular) structure could be recorded during loading. Five distinct types of deformation mechanism were observed in the cancellous part of the bone. These were (i) cracking, (ii) thinning (iii) tearing of cell walls and struts, (iv) notch formation, (v) necking and (vi) buckling. The results highlight that bone experiences brittle (notch formation and cracking), ductile (thinning, tearing and necking) and elastic (buckling) modes of deformation. Progressive deformation, leading to cracking was studied in detail using digital image correlation. The resulting strain maps were consistent with mechanisms occurring at a finer-length scale. This paper is the first to capture time-lapse 3D images of a whole long bone subject to loading until failure. The results serve as a unique reference for researchers interested in how bone responds to loading. For those using computer modelling, the study not only provides qualitative information for verification and validation of their simulations but also highlights that constitutive models for bone need to take into account a number of different deformation mechanisms.

3D Investigation of Fatigue Crack Morphology and Crack Growth of Iron-Based Materials via Synchrotron X-Ray CT

2015 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Jiang Ying Meng ◽  
Min An Chen ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Fu Cheng Zhang ◽  
Li He Qian
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crack Morphology

The present paper addresses a 3D investigation of a complicated fatigue crack profile and crack growth behavior in cast Hadfield high manganese steel by in-situ X-ray computed tomography (CT) experiments. In-situ loading experiments were performed on fatigue pre-cracked samples at the X-ray beamline BL13W1 of Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in China, and high-resolution phase contrast imaging technique was applied to obtain the 3D images. Based on the rendered 3D images at varied loading levels, various crack features and the interactions of the fatigue crack with casting pores were identified and analyzed.

scholarly journals Use of Precession Electron and X Powder for solution and refinement of materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C927-C927
Author(s):  
Marie Colmont ◽  
Lukas Palatinus ◽  
Marielle Huvé ◽  
Olivier Mentré ◽  
Pascal Roussel
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
New Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Tomography ◽  
System A

This communication will present the case study of ALa5O5(VO4)2 (A= Li, Na, K, Rb), example of the use of a combination of Precession Electron and X-ray Powder Data for the solution and the refinement of new materials. Indeed, an original structural type has been evidenced in the system (A, La, V, O) with A=Li, Na, K, Rb. Attempts to solve the structure ab initio on X-ray powder data were unsuccessful (more particularly because the powder was a mixture of the title compound and of unreacted precursors). The structure was finally solved by charge flipping using Precession Electron Data (3D tomography) on a nanocrystal, enabling a posteriori the good formulation of a pure powder. This powder was then classically refined by Rietveld method showing the correctness of the electron-solved structure. It crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell with space group C2/m and a=20.2282(14) b=5.8639(4) c=12.6060(9) Å and β=117.64(1)0. The ALa5O5(VO4)2 structure is built of (OLa4) tetrahedral units creating Crenel-like 2D ribbons. These ribbons, surrounded by four isolated VO4 tetrahedra, are creating channels parallel to b axis in which A+ ions are located.

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