scholarly journals Missing-link conditionals: pragmatically infelicitous or semantically defective?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Krzyżanowska ◽  
Igor Douven
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
True Sentence ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
Experimental Pragmatics ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract According to virtually all major theories of conditionals, conditionals with a true antecedent and a true consequent are true. Yet conditionals whose antecedent and consequent have nothing to do with each other—so-called missing-link conditionals—strike us as odd, regardless of the truth values of their constituent clauses. Most theorists attribute this apparent oddness to pragmatics, but on a recent proposal, it rather betokens a semantic defect. Research in experimental pragmatics suggests that people can be more or less sensitive to pragmatic cues and may be inclined to differing degrees to evaluate a true sentence carrying a false implicature as false. We report the results of an empirical study that investigated whether people’s sensitivity to false implicatures is associated with how they tend to evaluate missing-link conditionals with true clauses. These results shed light on the question of whether missing-link conditionals are best seen as pragmatically infelicitous or rather as semantically defective.

Effects of a five-day Nordic skiing camp on the individuals and on the group.

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Eduard Inglés Yuba ◽  
Víctor Labrador Roca ◽  
Unai Sáez de Ocáriz Granja
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Nordic Skiing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Scholars from diverse disciplines are increasingly concerned with the benefits generated by the practice of physical activity in the natural environment on individuals (Gomila Serra, 2014; Jirásek et al., 2016). This chapter attempts to shed light on the various scientific approaches that confirm this beneficial relationship. It also contributes to the holistic and integral conception of the human being, made up of different dimensions: physical, mental, emotional and social (Sandell et al., 2009; Borkowski, 2011). After an introductory approach to the relationship between outdoor sports and the integral development of their participants, an empirical study is shown. A five-day Nordic skiing camp is used to evaluate the effects of this practice on the individuals and on the group.

French adverbial cleft sentences

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 86-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Discourse Frequency ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Special Category

Abstract The goal of this contribution is to deepen our knowledge of French cleft sentences through the study of a special category of clefts called adverbial clefts. The issues that we will address concern their form, discourse frequency and boundaries with resembling structures. In order to shed light on these issues, we start by defining the concept of adverbial from a morphosyntactic and functional point of view. We then present a corpus-based description of the categories of adverbials that can be cleaved. Finally, we propose a general semantic principle capable of describing and explaining, in a coherent and unitary way, both the data obtained in our empirical study and found in the form of constructed examples in the existing literature. In addition to explaining why certain adverbials can be cleaved while others cannot, this principle also allows for a distinction to be made between two syntactic realizations of the structure ‘c’est Adv que p’, as well as for a solution to the controversial issue of the status of domain adverbials.

scholarly journals Crime and anti-social behaviour in England and Wales: an empirical evaluation of the ASBO's successor

Legal Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-476
Author(s):  
Stavros Demetriou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Legislative Amendments ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of an empirical study conducted with local enforcement agents in two areas in England regarding the implementation of the anti-social behaviour injunction which succeeded the anti-social behaviour order (ASBO). These findings shed light on the procedure followed by local enforcement agents when dealing with an incident of anti-social behaviour. The data presented suggests that despite the recent legislative amendments, much of the regulation of anti-social behaviour still takes place in the ‘shadows’ with local enforcement agents utilising a range of informal interventions before applying to court for the issue of an injunction. Moreover, it is argued that despite the repeal and replacement of the ASBO by what appears to be a purely civil measure, many of the criticisms raised about the order and its potential misuse remain largely unaddressed.

scholarly journals Do Missing Link Community Smell Affect Developers Productivity: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Toukir Ahammed ◽  
Sumon Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Code Smell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Missing link smell occurs when developers contribute to the same source code without communicating with each other. Existing studies have analyzed the relationship of missing link smells with code smell and developer contribution. However, the productivity of developers involved in missing link smell has not been explored yet. This study investigates how productivity differs between smelly and non-smelly developers. For this purpose, the productivity of smelly and non-smelly developers of seven open-source projects are analyzed. The result shows that the developers not involved in missing link smell have more productivity than the developers involved in smells. The observed difference is also found statistically significant.

scholarly journals China's Experimental Pragmatics of 'Scientific Development' in Wind Power: Algorithmic Struggles over Software in Wind Turbines

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Julia Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Experimental Pragmatics ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Experimental Market ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Shed Light

This article presents a case study on the development of China's wind power market. As China's wind industry has experienced a quality crisis, the Chinese government has intervened to steer the industry towards a turn to quality, indicat-ing a pragmatist and experimental mode of market development. This increased focus on quality, to ensure the sustainable and scientific development of China's wind energy market, requires improved indigenous Chinese innovation capabili-ties in wind turbine technology. To shed light on how the turn to quality impacts upon the industry and global competition, this study adopts the micro-proces-sual, socio-technical, relational and empiricist lens of Science & Technology Stud-ies (STS). It illustrates how Sino-foreign collaborative relations around the core technology of software (in control systems and simulation tools) have become politicised, and how controversies unfold over issues associated with intellectual property rights (IPRs), certification and standardisation of software algorithms. The article concludes that the use of this STS lens makes a fresh contribution to the often path-dependent, structuralist and hierarchical China literature, offering instead a possibility- and agency-filled account that can shed light on the dynam-ics of China's fragmented governance and experimental market development.

The role of geographical clusters in the success of reward-based crowdfunding campaigns

2020 ◽  
pp. 146575032091838
Author(s):  
Nunzia Carbonara
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Common People ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Geographical Clusters

Crowdfunding is a relatively new phenomenon, which disrupted the classic way to fund a venture. It consists in retrieving the capital needed to start an entrepreneurial activity drawing funds from a large base of small investors – generally common people – rather than from the traditional financial sources. Although many studies have been conducted on this topic, little focus has been put on the geography of this phenomenon. This article addresses this issue analysing whether regions characterized by the presence of geographical clusters are able to raise the probability of a successful crowdfunding campaign for projects located there. Drawing on a data set of 792 crowdfunded projects, we conduct an empirical study aimed at studying the role played by geographical clusters in fostering the crowdfunding of new entrepreneurial ventures. The results offer insights into the phenomenon of crowdfunding and shed light on the role of geographical clusters in the success of reward-based crowdfunding campaigns of early-stage entrepreneurial projects.

What can historical linguistics and experimental pragmatics offer each other?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Grossman ◽  
Ira Noveck
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Experimental Pragmatics ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

AbstractLanguage change is a central concern for any linguistic theory. For one thing, it is often assumed that language change is explanatory, in that it provides a reasonable answer to what Haspelmath dubbed ‘Greenberg’s Problem’ in 2014: why are languages the way they are? A short version of the Greenbergian answer is: ‘Because they became that way through processes of language change.’ However, this sort of answer throws into focus the fact that language change is not only a potential explanation for language structures. Rather, it is a set of problems that itself calls for explanation. In fact, this could be called ‘Greenberg’s Second Question’: why do languages change the way they do? In this article, we explore some ways in which the field of experimental pragmatics might shed light on the second question, by providing a set of methods that could investigate existing hypotheses about language change by developing falsifiable predictions to be evaluated in experimental settings. Moreover, these hypotheses can provide new research questions and data for experimentalists to work on, beyond the rather restricted set of questions that experimental pragmatics has confronted to date.

Children’s bodies and material culture: A study of children’s physical activities based on games

Childhood ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 090756822098051
Author(s):  
Pascale Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Shed Light

Within a socio-anthropological framework, this paper studies how the relations between children’s bodies and material culture are related to age and gender identities. The empirical study involves nine focus groups of children playing a card game created for this research. The results illustrate how boys and girls favor different characteristics of these artifacts. They shed light on how this material culture provides symbolic resources for children relationships and performs what their bodies are and will be able to do.

An Empirical Study of a Decision-Making Process Supported by Simulation in the Automotive Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothé M. Sissoko ◽  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Christiaan J. J. Paredis ◽  
Eric Landel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Shed Light

The design process can be considered as series of decisions supported by modeling and simulation (M&S). Current developments aim at supporting this decision making with regard to increasing resources committed in the M&S process. To understand possible decision support, we conducted an empirical study in a car manufacturing company to map out the decision-making process during the development phase. A qualitative data analysis was performed to understand the difficulties and the needs expressed by decision makers. Industrial preliminary observations have shown that decisions regarding design issues are often postponed, causing iterations, and time and cost overruns in the development process. The study revealed that decisions are escalated to upper hierarchical levels as complexity and uncertainty increase and as the tradeoffs become impactful. A lack of knowledge about the M&S performance and limits, a lack of clarity due to design ambiguity, and uncertainty are more likely to cause iterations and delay. In addition, decision makers and stakeholders are sometimes unadvised of the influence of the decision under consideration on subsequent decisions and on the profit. These findings are interesting as they shed light in terms of decision supported needed in the future.

scholarly journals Further Investigation of Taḍmīn (Implication of Meaning) in the Qur’an with Reference to Four Muslim-Arabic Authored English Translations

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Abdullah Soliman Nouraldeen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Principal Objective ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Shed Light

This research is an extension of Nouraldeen (2020). The principal objective of this project is to investigate the English translation of complete taḍmīn in the Qur’an and shed light on other types of taḍmīn in the Qur’an. ِAlthough complete taḍmīn is probably not as numerous as other types of taḍmīn in the Qur’an, it deserves much attention for the interesting additional meaning it provides. Two sources are used to collect the āyāt (verses) that involve complete taḍmīn. Four English translations of the second sūrah (chapter) produced by Arab translators are analysed and assessed with a suggested translation that is believed to improve the current translations. None of the four translations are aware of taḍmīn when translating the Qur’an and this suggests a further empirical study which to elicit the views of some Qur’an translators with regards to why taḍmīn is not given attention and how it can be rendered. One unexpected finding is that some Qur’an translations are not consistent when translating same words in different āyāt (verses). This study is intended to be part of an ongoing work which studies and assesses the English translation of all āyāt (verses) that include complete taḍmīn as they appear in the same arrangement of the suwar (chapters) in the Qur’an.

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