Improvement of dimensional stability of wood via combination treatment: swelling with maleic anhydride and grafting with glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Li ◽  
Qinglin Wu ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Yixing Liu ◽  
Xiang-Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility

Abstract A novel two-step combined treatment of poplar wood was developed to improve its dimensional stability. Maleic anhydride (MAN) was first employed to swell and bond to the wood cell wall, and then mixed monomers of glycidyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate (GMA/MMA) were grafted to the cell wall through the chemical reaction with MAN within the wood cell lumen. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicate that MAN penetrated and chemically bonded to the cell wall causing 9% volume swelling, and the copolymer from GMA/MMA monomers was grafted onto the wood cell wall, resulting in the improved interfacial compatibility between the polymer and wood matrix. The dimensional stability of poplar wood modified by the combined two-step treatment was remarkably improved compared with that of untreated poplar wood. The combination treatment of wood employed in this study proved to be more effective for improving the dimensional stability than treatment with PEG-1000 aqueous solution with 30% concentration.

Wood-Polymer Composite Prepared by Combined Two-Step Method and its Dimensional Stability

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1811-1814
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Li ◽  
Jia Li Gao ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Ding Wang Gong ◽  
Yi Xing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Wood Polymer Composite

Wood-polymer composite was prepared by a novel combined two-step method with maleic anhydride (MAN) for the first treatment, and mixed monomers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/ methyl methacrylate (MMA) (1:5 of molar ratio) for the second treatment. SEM and FTIR technologies were employed to characterize the interfacial compatibility between resultant polymer and wood matrix, and the dimensional stability of the resultant wood-polymer composite was also tested. The results indicated that polymers fully filled up wood cell lumina and chemically bonded to wood cell wall, resulting in the improvement of interfacial compatibility between polymer and wood matrix without obvious lacunae. The dimensional stability of poplar wood was significantly improved after the combined two-step treatment, and became more stable than that of PEG-1000 treated Poplar Wood.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Mitochondrial Apoptosis after Combined Treatment of Hepatocarcinoma Cells with Maleic Anhydride Derivatives and Quercetin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Carrasco-Torres ◽  
Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos ◽  
Erik Andrade-Jorge ◽  
Saúl Villa-Treviño ◽  
José Guadalupe Trujillo-Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

The inflammatory condition of malignant tumors continually exposes cancer cells to reactive oxygen species, an oxidizing condition that leads to the activation of the antioxidant defense system. A similar activation occurs with glutathione production. This oxidant condition enables tumor cells to maintain the energy required for growth, proliferation, and evasion of cell death. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells of a combination treatment with maleic anhydride derivatives (prooxidants) and quercetin (an antioxidant). The results show that the combination of a prooxidant/antioxidant had a cytotoxic effect on HuH7 and HepG2 liver cancer cells, but not on either of two normal human epithelial cell lines or on primary hepatocytes. The combination treatment triggered apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the intrinsic pathway and causing S phase arrest during cell cycle progression. There is also clear evidence of a modification in cytoskeletal actin and nucleus morphology at 24 and 48 h posttreatment. Thus, the current data suggest that the combination of two anticarcinogenic drugs, a prooxidant followed by an antioxidant, can be further explored for antitumor potential as a new treatment strategy.

Combined treatment for conversion of fast-growing poplar wood to magnetic wood with high dimensional stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youming Dong ◽  
Yutao Yan ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Fast Growing

scholarly journals Improvement of interfacial interaction in impregnated wood via grafting methyl methacrylate onto wood cell walls

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-977
Author(s):  
Youming Dong ◽  
Michael Altgen ◽  
Mikko Mäkelä ◽  
Lauri Rautkari ◽  
Mark Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Raman Microscopy ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Confocal Raman Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Raman

AbstractImproving the interaction between the wood cell wall and a modifying agent is fundamental to enhancing the efficacy of wood modification. The extent of interaction is, nevertheless, difficult to evaluate due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the modified wood. In this study, methacryl groups were grafted onto the wood cell wall polymers, via the reaction between 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEMA) and hydroxyl groups, to improve their compatibility and reactivity. Subsequently, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was introduced into methacrylated wood and copolymerized with the bonded methacryl groups. The distribution of IEMA and poly MMA (PMMA) in the wood cell walls was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman microscopy. The results showed that MMA penetrated the wood cell walls and formed strong interfacial interaction, which was confirmed by confocal Raman microscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA). With copolymerization, the highest anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) (57%) was achieved, because of the effect of methacrylation. Compared to the reference, the water resistance and hardness were significantly improved. In addition, the dynamic wettability was also altered largely due to copolymerization.

scholarly journals Fluid Flow of Polar and Less Polar Liquids through Modified Poplar Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Hamid R. Taghiyari ◽  
Hanieh Abbasi ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Antonios N. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Liquid Permeability ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Vessel Elements

Fast-growing species often have a low natural durability and can easily be attacked by fungi and insects, and therefore it is often better to preserve them before use. Permeability is a physical property in porous media that significantly affects the penetration of water- and oil-based preservatives into the texture of wood. In the present study, the specific gas permeability and liquid permeability to water and kerosene in poplar wood (Populus nigra var. betulifolia) were measured. The poplar trees were grown in plots with two spacings of 3 × 4 m and 3 × 8 m. Separate sets of specimens were also thermally modified in order to examinethe effects of this modification on gas and liquid permeability values. The results showed higher gas permeability in specimens grown in the plot with wider spacing (3 × 8 m), which was attributed to their larger vessel diameter. Kerosene demonstrated significantly higher permeability in comparison to water. This was attributed to the polar nature of water molecules, which tend to make stronger bonds with wood cell-wall polymers, ultimately delaying the movement of water through vessel elements. Thermal modification had an increasing effect on specific gas permeability. The increase was attributed to cracks that occur in the pits and wood cell wall during thermal modification, making way for the easier flow of fluids. Decreased wettability caused by thermal modification resulted in a significant increase in both water and kerosene permeability values.

scholarly journals Cell Wall Bulking by Maleic Anhydride for Wood Durability Improvement

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming He ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Changgui Li ◽  
Yuzhen Ma ◽  
Xiaohan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Decay Fungi

Wood is susceptible to swelling deformation and decay fungi due to moisture adsorption that originates from the dynamic nanopores of the cell wall and the abundant hydroxyl groups in wood components. This study employed as a modifier maleic anhydride (MAn), with the help of acetone as solvent, to diffuse into the wood cell wall, bulk nanopores, and further chemically bond to the hydroxyl groups of wood components, reducing the numbers of free hydroxyl groups and weakening the diffusion of water molecules into the wood cell wall. The derived MAn-bulked wood, compared to the control wood, presented a reduction in water absorptivity (RWA) of ~23% as well as an anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of ~39% after immersion in water for 228 h, and showed an improvement in decay resistance of 81.42% against white-rot fungus and 69.79% against brown-rot fungus, respectively. The method of combined cell wall bulking and hydroxyl group bonding could effectively improve the dimensional stability and decay resistance with lower doses of modifier, providing a new strategy for wood durability improvement.

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