Total mass balances of SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of forest biomass

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Yamamoto ◽  
Mikhail Iakovlev ◽  
Adriaan van Heiningen
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Sugar Degradation ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol

AbstractThe overall target of this project, called Bioforest, is to develop an economic process for the production of commodity chemicals from mixed forest biomass, consisting of logging residues of hardwoods (HW) and softwoods (SW) and also from recycled fibers. The aim is to dissolve the biomass lignin and to produce monosugars based on hemicelluloses and hydrolyzed cellulose in high yield. The hydrolyzate could subsequently be converted into chemicals by modified acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation. Here, the total mass balances of SO2-ethanol-water fractionation of different types of biomass feedstocks, such as SW and HW biomass, and deinked pulp are presented. Chemical composition of the feedstocks, solid residues (pulps) and spent liquors of fractionation were analyzed to gain more understanding about the fractionation procedure. The analysis was focused on carbohydrates, lignin, ash, acetyl groups and sugar degradation products. It was also examined if all feedstocks could be treated simultaneously in one digester because a larger feedstock supply within an economic transport radius improves the viability of the process. The fractionation approach was successful and it can be concluded that the method presented is very versatile for future applications in lignocellulosic biorefineries.

Conditioning of SO2-ethanol-water spent liquor from spruce for the production of chemicals by ABE fermentation

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Sklavounos ◽  
Mikhail Iakovlev ◽  
Minna Yamamoto ◽  
Lydia Teräsvuori ◽  
German Jurgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abe Fermentation ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Spent Liquor ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol

Abstract The objective of this study is to develop a process for conditioning spent liquor produced by SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of spruce wood chips for fermentation to butanol, ethanol and acetone/isopropanol, i.e., by means of the so called acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) process using Clostridia bacteria. This study serves as part of an overall project aiming at the development of economic processes for producing chemicals and biofuels from mixed forest biomass via SEW fractionation and ABE fermentation technologies.

scholarly journals UMA DÉCADA DE DINÂMICA DA FIXAÇÃO DE CARBONO NA BIOMASSA ARBÓREA EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA NO SUL DO PARANÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francelo Mognon ◽  
Felipe Scheibe Dallagnol ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sanquetta ◽  
Ana Paula Dalla Corte ◽  
Tauane Garcia Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Annual Biomass

 O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar anualmente a dinâmica da fixação do carbono na biomassa arbórea em Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana ao longo de uma década. Foram utilizados dados de inventário florestal contínuo advindos de quatro parcelas permanentes de um hectare cada, localizadas em General Carneiro, PR. O período de coleta dos dados iniciou em 1999 e foi concluído em 2009. A estimativa de biomassa arbórea acima do solo no ano de 1999 foi de 178,5 t.ha-1, atingindo valores de 186,75 t.ha-1 e obtendo um IPA da ordem de 0,75 t.ha-1.ano-1. Dessa forma, as estimativas de carbono estocado no fragmento avaliado foram de 74,07 t.ha-1, atingindo, após uma década, 77,53 t.ha-1. Conclui-se que a floresta mostrou, nas condições vigentes, baixa capacidade em fixar carbono, com uma taxa de incremento anual da ordem de 0,31 t.ha-1.ano-1. No entanto, embora a floresta apresente um baixo incremento anual de carbono, pode ser caracterizada como um sumidouro do mesmo, devido ao estoque de carbono existente em sua biomassa florestal. Dessa forma, mesmo uma floresta próxima da estagnação em termos de fixação de carbono pode proporcionar benefícios socioambientais, entre outros, na forma de sumidouros de carbono.Palavras-chave: Biomassa florestal; estoque de carbono; dinâmica de comunidade.AbstractA decade of carbon sink dynamics in biomass in mixed rain forest in the south of Paraná. This research aims to  evaluate, annually, dynamics of carbon sink in Montana Ombrophilous Mixed Forest along a decade. The data is from four permanent continuous inventory plots of one hectare each, located in General Carneiro - PR. The data collection began in 1999 and was completed in 2009. The above-ground tree biomass estimated in 1999 was 178.5 t ha-1, reaching values of 186.75 t.ha-1, with an annual biomass growing 0.75 t ha-1. year-1. Therefore the stored carbon in the focused fragment was estimated at 74.07 t.ha-1; a decade after it reached 77.53 t ha-1 of stored carbon. As result, the forest revealed, under the prevailing conditions, low capacity to fix carbon, with an annual increase rate of 0.31 t ha-1.year-1. However, although the forest presents low annual carbon increase it can be characterized as a carbon sink, due to the existing carbon stock in the forest biomass. Therefore, even a forest near to stagnation in relation to carbon sink can still perform its environmental service.Keywords: Forest biomass; carbon stock; community dynamics.  

scholarly journals Cofactor Dependence in Furan Reduction by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Fermentation of Acid-Hydrolyzed Lignocellulose

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 7866-7871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Nilsson ◽  
Marie F. Gorwa-Grauslund ◽  
Bärbel Hahn-Hägerdal ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Fermentation Rate ◽  
Tolerant Strain ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Sugar Degradation

ABSTRACT A decreased fermentation rate due to inhibition is a significant problem for economic conversion of acid-pretreated lignocellulose hydrolysates to ethanol, since the inhibition gives rise to a requirement for separate detoxification steps. Together with acetic acid, the sugar degradation products furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural are the inhibiting compounds found at the highest concentrations in hydrolysates. These aldehydes have been shown to affect both the specific growth rate and the rate of fermentation by yeast. Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with different abilities to ferment inhibiting hydrolysates were evaluated in fermentations of a dilute acid hydrolysate from spruce, and the reducing activities for furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural were determined. Crude cell extracts of a hydrolysate-tolerant strain (TMB3000) converted both furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural to the corresponding alcohol at a rate that was severalfold higher than the rate observed for cell extracts of a less tolerant strain (CBS 8066), thereby confirming that there is a correlation between the fermentation rate in a lignocellulosic hydrolysate and the bioconversion capacity of a strain. The in vitro NADH-dependent furfural reduction capacity of TMB3000 was three times higher than that of CBS 8066 (1,200 mU/mg protein and 370 mU/mg protein, respectively) in fed-batch experiments. Furthermore, the inhibitor-tolerant strain TMB3000 displayed a previously unknown NADH-dependent reducing activity for 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (400 mU/mg protein during fed-batch fermentation of hydrolysates). No corresponding activity was found in strain CBS 8066 (<2 mU/mg). The ability to reduce 5-hydroxymethyl furfural is an important characteristic for the development of yeast strains with increased tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

scholarly journals Ustilago Rabenhorstiana—An Alternative Natural Itaconic Acid Producer

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Krull ◽  
Malin Lünsmann ◽  
Ulf Prüße ◽  
Anja Kuenz
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Basidiomycetous Yeasts ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sugar Degradation ◽  
Shake Flasks

Itaconic acid is an industrial produced chemical by the sensitive filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus and can replace petrochemical-based monomers for polymer industry. To produce itaconic acid with alternative renewable substrates, such as lignocellulosic based hydrolysates, a robust microorganism is needed due to varying compositions and impurities. Itaconic acid producing basidiomycetous yeasts of the family Ustilaginaceae provide this required characteristic and the species Ustilago rabenhorstiana was examined in this study. By an optimization of media components, process parameters, and a fed-batch mode with glucose the final titer increased from maximum 33.3 g·L−1 in shake flasks to 50.3 g·L−1 in a bioreactor. Moreover, itaconic acid was produced from different sugar monomers based on renewable feedstocks by U. rabenhorstiana and the robustness against weak acids as sugar degradation products was confirmed. Based on these findings, U. rabenhorstiana has a high potential as alternative natural itaconic acid producer besides the well-known U. maydis and A. terreus.

Chemical changes in ultra-heat-treated milk during storage: III. Methods for the estimation of lysine and sugar-lysine derivatives formed by the maillard reaction

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Möller ◽  
A. T. Andrews ◽  
G. C. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Lysine Modification ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Sugar Degradation ◽  
Good Agreement

SummaryFour chemical methods were used in a comparison of the measurement of the extent of modification of lysine residues in casein during storage of ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milk. Determination of homoarginine after reaction with o-methylisourea appeared to be the best measure of total lysine modification. Reduction with borohydride before acid hydrolysis prevented recovery of lysine from lactuloselysine (ε-N-deoxylactulosyl-L-lysine) and fructoselysine (ε-N-deoxyfructosyl-L-lysine). This procedure gave values for these derivatives which were in good agreement with those obtained from the determination of furosine (ε-N-(2-furoylmethyl)-L-lysine) in acid hydrolysates. Determination of lysine after acid hydrolysis showed that lysine loss was accounted for by lactuloselysine and fructoselysine formation in most of the samples.Browning was most apparent in UHT milk stored at 37 °C for 3 years and in this sample only part of the lysine residues was accounted for as lactuloselysine and fructoselysine, thus indicating that lysine had become involved further in sugar degradation products.

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