Comparison of morphological and chemical properties between juvenile wood and compression wood of loblolly pine

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Feng Yeh ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Hou-min Chang ◽  
Ilona Peszlen ◽  
Jennifer L. Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract In conifers, juvenile wood (JW) is always associated with compression wood (CW). Due to their similar properties, there is a common belief that JW is the same as CW. To resolve whether JW is identical to CW, 24 rooted cuttings of one loblolly pine clone were planted in growth chambers under normal, artificial bending, and windy environments. The results show that the morphology of JW is significantly different from CW. Furthermore, chemical analyses revealed that JW and CW are significantly different in chemical composition. Our results indicate that JW is different from CW, and the wood formed under a controlled windy environment is a mild type of compression wood.

scholarly journals Effect of Media Containing Processed Fiber, Fertilization, and Fumigation on Appearance and Growth in Containerized Woody Perennial Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 658c-658
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Victor Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
The Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Applicability of processed fiber (methane digested cow manure) as a substitute for peatmoss for production of various containerized perennial woody plant species with various fertilization and fumigation practices was investigated in this study. Liner plants of five species and rooted cuttings of 41 species were potted in various media containing processed fiber as the replacement of peatmoss with or without fertilization and fumigation, with commercial mix as control. Plants varied in their responses to the media, fertilization, and/or fumigation. Most plant species performed well in the media containing processed fiber. The physical and chemical properties of processed fiber, either alone or mixed with other media components, were satisfactory for producing woody perennial species even with less fertilization and no fumigation.

scholarly journals A Review of Morphological and Chemical Properties of Porous Asphalt

CONSTRUCTION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
N.E. Jasni ◽  
Khairil Azman Masri ◽  
R.P. Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Porous asphalt mixture is also known as gap graded mixture with less amount of fine aggregate has led the mixture contains high air voids, tends to make the mixture less durable and high porousity. Hence, past researchers has investigate on how to increase the strength of porous asphalt mixture by the addition of additive such as fiber and  nanomaterials. The chemical and physical properties of porous asphalt mixture was highlighted in this paper to compare its structure, the bonding between the materials and its chemical composition that exist. This paper reviews on how additive affect the asphalt mixture in terms of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffractions (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These tests are selected to improve the asphalt mixture according to the morphological and chemical properties of porous asphalt. This study is expected to identify the morphological and chemical composition of the materials in asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals Study of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Two Localities in Dolj County

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Gilda-Diana Buzatu ◽  
Ana Maria Dodocioiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The study was conducted in two neighboring localities located in the northern county of Dolj, namely Murgasi and Bulzesti. The purpose of the study was twofold: namely, the study of heavy metal loading in order to identify possible pollution areas and to know the soil content of these localities in heavy metals in order to be able to give the verdict on the use of sludge from Craiova wastewater treatment plant as fertilizer on these soils. In order to determine the suitability of sewage sludge from the Craiova wastewater treatment plant as a fertilizer, physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the soils in these areas were analysed, as well as the chemical composition of sludge, according to Order 344/2004 of the Ministry of Environment and Water Management of Romania, respectively 13 physical and chemical parameters of the soils in these localities and the chemical composition of the sludge and respectively the quantity of heavy metals to be introduced annually into the soil by using it.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variations of aerosol physical and chemical properties over West Africa: AMMA aircraft campaign in summer 2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4463-4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matsuki ◽  
B. Quennehen ◽  
A. Schwarzenboeck ◽  
S. Crumeyrolle ◽  
H. Venzac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
West African ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
African Monsoon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aitken Mode ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. While West Africa is recognized as being one of the global hot-spots of atmospheric aerosols, the presence of West African Monsoon is expected to create significant spatial and temporal variations in the regional aerosol properties through mixing particles from various sources (mineral dust, biomass burning, sulfates, sea salt). To improve our understanding of the complexity of the aerosol-cloud system in that region, the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project has been launched, providing valuable data sets of in-situ and remote sensing measurements including satellites for extended modeling. The French ATR-42 research aircraft was deployed in Niamey, Niger (13°30' N, 02°05' E) in summer 2006, during the three special observation periods (SOPs) of AMMA. These three SOPs covered both dry and wet periods before and after the onset of the Western African Monsoon. State of the art physico-chemical aerosol measurements on the ATR-42 showed a notable seasonal transition in averaged number size distributions where (i) the Aitken mode is dominating over the accumulation mode during the dry season preceding the monsoon arrival and (ii) the accumulation mode increasingly gained importance after the onset of the West African monsoon and even dominated the Aitken mode after the monsoon had fully developed. An extended analysis of the vertical dependence of size spectra, comparing the three observation periods, revealed that the decreasing concentration of the Aitken mode particles, as we move from SOP1 (June) to SOP2a1 (July), and SOP2a2 (August), was less pronounced in the monsoon layer as compared to the overlying Saharan dust layer and free troposphere. In order to facilitate to all partners within the AMMA community radiative transfer calculations, validation of satellite remote sensors, and detailed transport modeling, the parameters describing the mean log-normally fitted number size distributions as a function of altitude and special observation periods were summarized and subsequently related to simultaneously performed measurements of major aerosol particle chemical composition. Extended TEM-EDX analysis of the chemical composition of single aerosol particles revealed dominance of mineral dust (aluminosilicate) even in the submicron particle size range during the dry period, gradually replaced by prevailing biomass burning and sulfate particles, after the onset the monsoon period. The spatial and temporal evolution from SOP1 to SOP2a1 and SOP2a2 of the particle physical and chemical properties and associated aerosol hygroscopic properties are remarkably consistent.

scholarly journals Anatomical characterization, physical, and chemical properties of wood of Quercus macdougallii Martínez, endemic species of the Sierra Juárez of Oaxaca, Mexico

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5975-5998
Author(s):  
Faustino Ruiz-Aquino ◽  
Lizbeth Luna-Bautista ◽  
Aremi E. Luna-Bautista ◽  
Wenceslao Santiago-García ◽  
Luis F. Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The anatomical characteristics and the physical and chemical properties of wood of Quercus macdougallii Martínez are presented for the first time. Q. macdougallii Martínez is an endemic species of the Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca. The microscopic characteristics were described in preparations of typical cuts and dissociated material. The physical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D 143-94 standard in sapwood and heartwood specimens. The measurable elements and physical properties were classified according to the mean. With the measurable elements, the paper pulp quality index was determined. In sapwood and heartwood, the basic chemical composition was determined. The wood of Q. macdougallii presented a pronounced grain, a thick texture, and a straight thread. Fibers, fibrotracheids, uniseriate, multiseriate, and aggregate rays were found. Basic density 0.55 g cm-3 in sapwood and 0.61 g cm-3 in heartwood is classified as moderately heavy and heavy, respectively. The saturation point of the fiber is classified as high. Based on its physical properties, Q. macdougallii wood can be used in the manufacture of furniture, veneer, floors, tool handles, and construction. Based on the pulp quality indices and chemical composition, this wood could be used to obtain cellulose pulp for paper.

scholarly journals Impact of cloud processes on aerosol particle properties: results from two ATR-42 flights in an extended stratocumulus cloud layer during the EUCAARI campaign (2008)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 33229-33271 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Crumeyrolle ◽  
R. Weigel ◽  
K. Sellegri ◽  
G. Roberts ◽  
L. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cloud Layer ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol-cloud interactions. Therein, the objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particles physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during a double-flight mission from Rotterdam (Netherlands) to Newcastle (UK) and back using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity (V), below and above the stratocumulus cloud show strong differences. Firstly, measurements at constant altitude above the cloud layer show decreasing mass concentrations with decreasing horizontal distance (210–0 km) to the cloud layer by a factor up to 7, whereas below the cloud and by same means of distance, the mass concentrations merely decrease by a factor of 2 on average. Secondly, the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode which is potentially the consequence of cloud processing. Finally, the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the location relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud–free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. The decrease of nitrate and organic compounds ranges at a factor of three to ten, affecting sulfate and ammonium compounds to be increasingly abundant in the aerosol chemical composition while approaching the cloud layer. Finally, the chemical composition of non-refractory evaporated cloud droplets measured within the cloud shows increased fractions of nitrate and organics (with respect to concentrations found below clouds), but also large amounts of sulfate, thus, related to activation of particles, made up of soluble compounds.

scholarly journals Post-pyrogenic changes in the properties of grey forest podzolic soils of ecogeosystems of pine forests under conditions of anthropogenicloading

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Asotskyi ◽  
Y. Buts ◽  
O. Kraynyuk ◽  
R. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This article presents the analysis of results of experimental data of postpyrogenic change of soils of ecological systems of pine forests.Ground fires transform the surface organogenic horizons of soils. The negative influence of low-intensity fires of different intensity on the change of humus stock, qualitative fractional composition of organogenic soil horizons and their chemical composition is shown.Post-pyrogenic transformations of physical and chemical soil characteristics are found, which are not simply their corresponding reaction to the pyrogenic effect, but a clear signal reflecting the state of the soil immediately after the fire, taking into account its strength and intensity, and after a certain period of time. There is a certain dependence of the degree of pyrogenicity on the duration of the effect of fire on the soil. The recent influence of a medium intensity fire on the soil is marked by a clear reaction of the complex of its properties.Physical and chemical properties of soils after fires deteriorate: humus burns, the content of nitrate nitrogen decreases.Forest fires sharply change the morphological state of the upper part of the soil profile. The nature of the surface horizons of soils changes, a new pyrogenic horizon is formed, which differs from natural analogues in terms of physical and chemical properties and the content of ash elements. Under the influence of fire there are changes in such properties as: pH, content of exchange cations, gross and moving forms of nitrogen, etc.The heavy metal concentration in surface horizons increases several times and exceeds the background values due to the mineralization of forest litter and herbaceous vegetation from the combustion and subsequent migration of chemical elements , which presents an environmental hazard.The change in the chemical composition of soils can create conditions for the impossibility of the existence of a root ecosystem, its death, and development, after a certain time, of another modified ecogeosystem.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA DALAM PEMBUATAN BISKUIT BERBAHAN BAKU TEPUNG UBI BANGGAI (Dioscorea alata L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvy Sofyani ◽  
Jenny E. A. Kandou ◽  
Maria Fransisca Sumual
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Yam Flour ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of tapioca flour that needs to be added in the manufacture of biscuits made from Banggai yam flour, based on sensory and chemical properties. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the addition of tapioca flour at four levels as treatments, i.e. A: 0%; B: 5%; C: 10%; D: 15%, which was triplicated. The parameters observed were organoleptic testing for the degree of preference for taste, aroma, color and texture. The chemical composition of the biscuits was analyzed and the energy value was calculated. Overall, the level of preference given by the panelists on the Banggai yam biscuits without the addition of tapioca flour was 3.68 (like) out of 5 as the highest value. It can be concluded that tapioca flour does not need to be added in making Banggai yam biscuits. Banggai yam biscuits have a hardness of 1.93 mm / g / sec. and energy value of 422.62 kkal, with the composition of 3.98% moisture, 8.13% protein, 11.10% fat, 3.68% ash, 72.55% carbohydrates, and 0.56%. crude fiber.  Keywords: Banggai yam, tapioca flour, biscuits

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