Chemical changes in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood caused by hydrogen peroxide bleaching and monitored by color measurement (CIELab) and UV-Vis, FTIR and UVRR spectroscopy

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Mononen ◽  
Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
Tuula T. Pakkanen ◽  
Tapani Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Color Measurements ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Acidic Hydrogen ◽  
Cielab Color

Abstract Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood was subjected to bleaching with acidic hydrogen peroxide solution. The color change and chemical changes occurring on bleaching were investigated by CIELab color measurements and UV-Vis, FTIR and UVRR spectroscopy. With bleaching, the color of birch wood changed notably towards white, less red and more yellow, revealed by the CIELab color measurements, however, followed by notable yellowing in 343 days. The chemical changes occurring with the bleaching treatment in the xylem of birch, demonstrated by UV-Vis, FTIR and UVRR spectroscopy, indicated degradation of aromatic structures with a simultaneous increase in relative amounts of unconjugated carbonyl structures. The results indicate that the degradation of aromatic structures involved opening of the aromatic ring possibly leading to the formation of muconic acids or other low molecular weight products rich in carbonyl structures. In addition, in birch wood subjected to bleaching treatment with acidic hydrogen peroxide solution, syringyl structures provided favorable sites for the degradation of aromatic structures.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of the Brinell Hardness of Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) Wood in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Hubert Lachowicz ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Antons Seleznovs ◽  
Jānis Lāceklis-Bertmanis ◽  
Aivars Kaķītis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forest District

An analysis was undertaken of the Brinell hardness of silver birch wood and its dependence on stand location, tree age, tree thickness and forest habitat type, and the interactions between these factors. Wood was obtained from 12 forest districts throughout Poland, from trees aged approximately 30, 50, and 70 years. A total of 51 study plots was established, from which 306 trees were taken. Hardness was measured on three surfaces (transverse, radial, and tangential sections) for 4777 samples, giving a total of 14,331 measurements. It was shown that the hardness of silver birch wood in Poland is significantly influenced by location, tree age, tree thickness, and habitat type, and by interactions between those factors. Habitat type was not shown to affect radial hardness, except in the case of Giżycko forest district. For the whole of the analysed material, the mean hardness on a transverse section was calculated as 66.26 MPa, corresponding to a very hard wood on Mörath’s scale, whereas the values for the longitudinal sections (radial 44.06 MPa, tangential 44.02 MPa) correspond to a soft wood.

scholarly journals Variability in the basic density of silver birch wood in Poland

Silva Fennica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Lachowicz ◽  
Anna Bieniasz ◽  
Rafał Wojtan
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Forest District

This work presents the findings of a study concerning variability in the basic density of silver birch ( Roth) wood, depending on the geographical location of tree stands, the age and thickness of the trees, the forest habitat type, and interactions between some of these factors. The study was carried out on wood from trees aged approximately 30, 50 and 70 years in 12 forest districts located throughout Poland. In total 4777 wood samples, taken from 306 trees from 51 test plots, were measured. The location, the age of the trees, the thickness of the trees and the forest habitat type, as well as interactions between these factors, proved to have a significant influence on the basic density of silver birch wood. The highest mean values of the basic density of the birch wood were found in Sokołów forest district on the FBF habitat type (549 kg m) and in Giżycko forest district on the FMBF habitat type (548 kg m). For the entire set of examined material, the average values of the basic density of wood increase with tree age. For the examined material originating in FBF and FMBF habitats the average values of basic density showed no significant differences; however, in the cases of the forest districts of Giżycko, Łobez and Rudziniec, significant differences in the analysed property were observed.Betula pendula–3–3

scholarly journals Structure of silver birch wood fibers (Betula pendula Roth.) in north-eastern Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
North Eastern

Struktura włókien drewna brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendulaRoth.) w północno-wschodniej Polsce

scholarly journals Nanoscale etching of III-V semiconductors in acidic hydrogen peroxide solution: GaAs and InP, a striking contrast in surface chemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. van Dorp ◽  
Sophia Arnauts ◽  
Mikko Laitinen ◽  
Timo Sajavaara ◽  
Johan Meersschaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Acidic Hydrogen ◽  
Striking Contrast

Peroxide Bleaching of Parquet Blocks and Glue Lams

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Möttönen ◽  
A. Asikainen ◽  
P. Malvaranta ◽  
M. Öykkönen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

Summary The lack of a suitable method on an industrial scale has so far restricted the use of bleaching of solid wood in the woodworking industry. In this study, a new method ‘Wood-Brite™’, based on bleaching solid wood blocks with hydrogen peroxide solution, was investigated. According to our measurements, the lightness of all the wood species studied could be increased and the increase could be controlled by the intensity of peroxide treatment. Differences were observed in the change of chroma and hue of different wood species. Redness usually decreased regardless of the treatment intensity, except with teak, in which it increased markedly. At every treatment intensity, the yellowness of originally light birch wood decreased, but in other wood species it increased.

Enzymatic Iodination of Maleic and Fumaric Acids Diethyl Esters

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1400-1404
Author(s):  
Marius Tudorascu ◽  
Spiridon Oprea ◽  
Afrodita Doina Marculescu ◽  
Stefania Tudorascu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Disperse System ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Sole Product

The mechanism of the enzymatic iodination process of diethylmaleate and diethylfumarate (which present no miscibility with water) in the presence of lactoperoxidase, both in diluted hydrogen peroxide solution and in a generating system of hydrogen peroxide using ammonium and calcium iodides as halide sources in disperse system (after an ultrasonic pretreatment) was studied. The obtained sole product (diethyl-2, 3-diiodosuccinate) after the enzymatic iodination process was directly hydrolyzed to a tartaric acid present in an optically inactive form. The mechanism of obtaining the intermediate and final products and respectively, the existence of both D, L-tartaric acid and meso-tartaric acids (as lithium bitartrates) were also investigated.

scholarly journals Towards Silviculture Guidelines to Produce Large-Sized Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Logs in Western Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Héloïse Dubois ◽  
Hugues Claessens ◽  
Gauthier Ligot
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Northeastern France

Forest health problems arising from climate change, pests and pathogens are a threat to the main timber tree species. As a result, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has become a precious asset for meeting oncoming forestry challenges in western Europe. However, silviculture guidelines to produce high-value birch logs in this region are lacking. Producing large-sized birch trunks requires crown release, i.e., removing crown competitors around selected target trees. These interventions are currently seldom carried out or else too late when the growth potential of the trees has already diminished. This study set out to ascertain the diameter at breast height (dbh) that could be reached by crown-released birch, determine dbh-associated crown diameters, and further characterize the gain obtained from early crown release on birch dbh growth. We measured 704 birch trees that had undergone crown release in 38 naturally regenerated pure birch stands in southern Belgium and in northeastern France. We then evaluated the variation in stem and crown diameter, and analyzed increments in response to the earliness of the interventions in three subsamples, also compared with control target birch. We found that trees with a dbh of 50 cm could be grown within 60 years. Based on crown diameter, to produce 40, 50 and 60 cm dbh trunk, the distance required between target birch trees at the end of the rotation was around 8, 10 and 12 m. With no intervention and in ordinary dense birch regenerations, the dbh increment was found to decline once the stand reached age 4–7 years. Starting crown release in stands aged 4–5 years can double the dbh increment of target trees and provide a continual gain that may last up to 20 years. When birch crowns are released after 9–12 years, it may already be too late for them to recover their best growth rate. Our contribution should help complete emerging guidelines in support of birch silviculture development.

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