Changes in the surface properties of wood due to sanding

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sinn ◽  
M. Gindl ◽  
A. Reiterer ◽  
S. Stanzl-Tschegg
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Spruce and beech wood specimens were sanded with four different grain sizes. Surface morphological and chemical changes were determined by roughness measurement, surface free energy determination according to acid-base theory and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An analysis model was proposed to describe chemical changes due to sanding and the data were analysed according to it. It could be shown that spruce and beech behave similarly over a wide range and that chemical changes are non-linear functions of grain size and thus surface roughness. A maximum of surface free energy and a maximum of carbon C1s sub-peak ratio (ratio of carbon bonded to a single non-carbonyl oxygen to carbon bonded only to hydrogen or other carbon atoms) was found for middle grain size.

scholarly journals Effect of calcination temperature on neptunium dioxide microstructure and dissolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3869-3876
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Peruski ◽  
Brian A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Neptunium Dioxide

Solubility of neptunium dioxide decreases as microstructure grain size increases, likely due to decreasing surface free energy and surface area.

scholarly journals Epoxyorganosilane Finishing Compositions for Fibrous Fillers of Thermosetting and Thermoplastic Binders

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
Natalia A. Gladkikh ◽  
Arkadiy A. Poteryaev ◽  
Valentina Yu. Stepanenko ◽  
Uliana V. Nikulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epoxy Systems

The development of universal finishing compositions for fibers of various natures is an urgent task for polymer composite materials science. The developed finishes can be used for the fiber reinforcement of polymer matrices with a wide range of surface free energy characteristics. Epoxy systems modified with diaminesilane in a wide concentration range were examined by optical interferometry, FTIR spectroscopy, DSC and the sessile drop technique. It was shown that the partial curing of epoxy resin by diaminesilane at room temperature under an inert atmosphere, followed by contact with air, leads to a significant increase of the surface free energy of the system. Varying the concentration of diaminesilane allows us to effectively regulate the surface free energy of the composition. This makes it possible to use fibers finished with epoxyaminosilane compositions in composite materials based on a various thermosetting and thermoplastic binders with a surface tension of up to 75 mJ/m2.

scholarly journals A Simple Way to Achieve Self-Cleaning Surfaces with Unique Antifouling Property

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Caizhen Yao ◽  
Shizhen Xu ◽  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Jiaxuan Chen ◽  
Xiaodong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Self ◽  
Antifouling Property ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Organic Particles

Self-cleaning surfaces may have wide applications such as microfluidic devices, lab-on-a-chip, sensors, microreactors, air purification, and antimicrobial fields. In this article, by using a combination of femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation and fluorination technique, self-cleaning stainless steel surfaces with unique antifouling property were obtained. New insight is developed through a detailed analysis of the antifouling behavior of the self-cleaning surfaces. The surface free energy and its polar and disperse components were calculated by using the Owens–Wendt-–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to analyse the surface elemental compositions and functional groups. The antifouling property of the surface was recorded by using a high speed camera. Water sliding angles (SAs) were reduced by fluorination treatment, resulting in low adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces with the self-cleaning property. The influences of micro/nanostructures, fluorination, and their combination on the surface free energy were investigated. The interaction process between water droplets and pollutants (inorganic and organic particles) on the treated surface was explored. The antifouling property of an optimized specimen (CA = 162° and SA = 1°) was tested and compared with the untreated sample.

Plasma treatment of heat treated beech wood – investigation on surface free energy

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Wolkenhauer ◽  
Georg Avramidis ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Wolfgang Viöl
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Heat Treated

Surface Modification of Polyetheretherketone by Helium/nitrogen and Nitrous Oxide Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Stanisława Kluska ◽  
Elżbieta Pamuła ◽  
Stanisława Jonas ◽  
Zbigniew Grzesik
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

AbstractThe surface of the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) samples was modified by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in the mixture of He and N2 as well as in the N2O atmosphere. Morphological characterization of the PEEK as well as its surface roughness, chemical structure, and surface free energy were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and sessile drop technique, respectively. The highest increase in the polar component of the total surface energy was observed for PEEK modified by He+N2 plasma, which correlated with significant increase in the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen-containing chemical functionalities as revealed by XPS. For PEEK submitted to N2O plasma treatment significant changes in surface topography and increase in roughness were observed, but changes in surface chemistry and surface free energy were mild.

Surface chemical composition and roughness as factors affecting the wettability of thermo-mechanically modified oak (Quercus robur L.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Laskowska ◽  
Janusz W. Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Densified Wood ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Densification Temperature

AbstractEuropean oak wood (W) was thermo-mechanically modified (TM) via densifying at 100 and 150°C and the surface properties of the TMW were investigated. The contact angle (CA) of the wood with the reference liquids water and diiodomethane was determined using the sessile drop method. The surface free energy of the TMW on tangential sections within the first 60 s after applying a drop was analyzed. The roughness parameters Ra and Rz parallel (‖) and perpendicular (⊥) to the grain were investigated. The wettability analysis showed that densified wood had a higher CA and lower work of adhesion and surface free energy than non-densified wood. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)] analysis showed that the oxygen to carbon atoms ratio (O/C ratio) of densified wood surface was lower than that of non-densified wood. The carbon C1-C2 atoms ratio (C1/C2 ratio) increased with increasing TM temperature. The results were interpreted as being that extractives migrate to the surface and amorphous and glassy polymers, i.e. lignin and hemicelluloses, in wood are rearranged. Increasing densification temperature makes TMW surfaces more hydrophobic.

The Effects of Surface Modifications on Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Films: Optoelectrical, Wettability and XPS Investigations

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 718-721
Author(s):  
Zhi You Zhong ◽  
Feng Lou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment

Surface modifications were performed on the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates for optoelectronic devices, using the different processing techniques. The effects of modification methods on the surface properties of ITO substrates were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer, standard goniometry and four-probe meter, respectively. The surface free energy as the sum of the dispersion and polar components was evaluated from the measured contact angles using the Owens-Wendt approach. Experimental results demonstrate that except the optical transmittance of the ITO, the surface properties including the stoichiometry, morphology, wettability and sheet resistance of the ITO substrates strongly depend on the modification methods. Compared with the other treatments, the oxygen plasma treatment increases the oxygen concentration and decreases the carbon concentration, reduces the surface roughness and the sheet resistance, and enhances the surface free energy and the polarity, and thereby more effectively improves the surface properties of ITO substrates.

scholarly journals Surface free energy tuning of supported mixed lipid layers

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (57) ◽  
pp. 52475-52484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravko Risović ◽  
Abra Penezić ◽  
Vida Čadež ◽  
Suzana Šegota ◽  
Blaženka Gašparović
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lipid Layers ◽  
Energy Tuning

The results of investigation of parameters influencing the surface free energy of supported mixed lipid layers and means for its wide range tuning enable wettability control and design of a more efficient host layers for various applications.

scholarly journals Improving Low Rank Coal Flotation Using a Mixture of Oleic Acid and Dodecane as Collector: A New Perspective on Synergetic Effect

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Maoyan An ◽  
Yinfei Liao ◽  
Yijun Cao ◽  
Xiaodong Hao ◽  
Longfei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Coal Flotation ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism

The mixed collector can improve low rank coal flotation efficiency, but its synergistic mechanism needs to be further explored. In this paper, oleic acid-dodecane (OA-D), oleic acid (OA), and dodecane (D) were employed to treat the low rank coal for revealing new synergistic mechanism of the mixed collector. First the surface free energy of the coal, the surface free energy of coal-water and coal-water-coal were calculated. Then wetting heat measurement, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and FTIR were used to analyze synergistic mechanism of the mixed collector in depth. The results showed that OA-D obtained a higher combustible recovery than using OA and D, respectively. The essence of synergetic mechanism of OA-D was that they formed a relatively ordered “supramolecular structure” on the low rank coal surface, especially there were hydrophobic and van der Waals forces between the oleic acid chain and the dodecane chain that can promote the formation of a continuous collector film.

Surface modification of polyimide fibers by oxygen plasma treatment and interfacial adhesion behavior of a polyimide fiber/epoxy composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyang Sun ◽  
Junfeng Bu ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Hongqing Niu ◽  
Shengli Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Dynamic Contact Angle ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽  
Adhesion Properties

AbstractOxygen plasma was used to enhance the surface behavior of polyimide (PI) fibers and PI fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were prepared in our present work. The effects of plasma treating times on the surface properties of PI fiber and the interfacial adhesion of PI fiber/epoxy composites were investigated. Surface chemical composition, surface morphologies and surface free energy of the fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic contact angle analysis, respectively. The results suggest that some oxygen functional groups were introduced onto PI fiber surfaces, and the surface roughness of fibers was enhanced. Resultantly, the surface free energy of fibers and the interfacial adhesion of composites were improved by the oxygen plasma treatment. The interlaminar shear strength of the composites increased to 70 MPa when the fibers were treated for 10 min, which proved good interfacial adhesion properties.

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