Effects of Environmental Factors on the Color of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) Yellowish Heartwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Tzen Chang ◽  
Sen-Sung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
Color Enhancement ◽  
Effect Of Light

Summary The heartwood of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), one of the most important planted trees in Taiwan, has a pleasant yellow, yellowish red to red color. Unfortunately, its attractive appearance is susceptible to discoloration after environmental exposure. This degradation is a significant defect that decreases the value of sugi products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the color of sugi yellowish heartwood. We found that the color eventually turned to brownish black in the presence of moisture. Under the combined influence of light and oxygen the color of heartwood changed from yellow to reddish blue. The effect of light wavelengths on the discoloration of sugi yellowish heartwood was also investigated. After irradiation with light of wavelengths above 600 nm, the color of sugi yellowish heartwood changed significantly from yellowish to red. Our findings show that red color enhancement, and hence the economic value of sugi yellowish heartwood, can be achieved by irradiating with light of wavelengths above 600 nm.

Red color enhancement of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood by light irradiation

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Tzen Chang ◽  
Sheng-Yang Wang ◽  
Sen-Sung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Color Enhancement

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS ANGGREK ALAM (Orchidaceae) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI GUNUNG POTENG CAGAR ALAM RAYA PASI KOTA SINGKAWANG PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Putri Sesar ◽  
Iskandar A M ◽  
Togar Fernando Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Medium Range

Natural orchids are one of the flora in Mount Poteng which is included of Raya Pasi Nature Reserve located at Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province. Orchids have economic value for source of income and be beneficial to ecology that needs to be protected. The altitudes and environmental factors strongly affected the presence of orchid species.The research aims to record the diversity of natural orchids species based on the altitudes place in Mount Poteng. The research was conducted on February 28 until March 28, 2020. This research uses survey method. The research sample was taken using double plots method and to determine sample plots locations is conducted by purposive. The total number of the sample plots is 16 plots and each plot measure 20 by 50 meters. Based on the result of research found 19 species of natural orchids that consist of 348 individuals. The results analysis of the diversity index of orchid species in whole of altitudes at Mount Poteng is 1,338 that is included medium range. The highest species diversity index of 1,300 occurred at altitude of 400-500 m asl and the lowest species diversity index at altitude of 700-725 m asl that is 0,594. Orchid species which found in whole of altitudes is Dendrobium crumenatum. Furthermor, there were found the orchid species on certain heights are Cleisostoma scortechinii, Cordiglottis filiformis, Ludisia discolor, and Phalaenopsis pantherina at altitude of 400-500 m asl and species of Bromheadia finlaysoniana and Pomatocalpa latifolia found at altitude of 700-725 m asl.Keywords: altitudes, mount poteng, orchids, species diversity

scholarly journals Environmental Epigenetics and Genome Flexibility: Focus on 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Efimova ◽  
Alla S. Koltsova ◽  
Mikhail I. Krapivin ◽  
Andrei V. Tikhonov ◽  
Anna A. Pendina
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Dna Hydroxymethylation ◽  
Genome Regulation

Convincing evidence accumulated over the last decades demonstrates the crucial role of epigenetic modifications for mammalian genome regulation and its flexibility. DNA methylation and demethylation is a key mechanism of genome programming and reprogramming. During ontogenesis, the DNA methylome undergoes both programmed changes and those induced by environmental and endogenous factors. The former enable accurate activation of developmental programs; the latter drive epigenetic responses to factors that directly or indirectly affect epigenetic biochemistry leading to alterations in genome regulation and mediating organism response to environmental transformations. Adverse environmental exposure can induce aberrant DNA methylation changes conducive to genetic dysfunction and, eventually, various pathologies. In recent years, evidence was derived that apart from 5-methylcytosine, the DNA methylation/demethylation cycle includes three other oxidative derivatives of cytosine—5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine. 5hmC is a predominantly stable form and serves as both an intermediate product of active DNA demethylation and an essential hallmark of epigenetic gene regulation. This makes 5hmC a potential contributor to epigenetically mediated responses to environmental factors. In this state-of-the-art review, we consolidate the latest findings on environmentally induced adverse effects on 5hmC patterns in mammalian genomes. Types of environmental exposure under consideration include hypnotic drugs and medicines (i.e., phenobarbital, diethylstilbestrol, cocaine, methamphetamine, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide), as well as anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., heavy metals, particulate air pollution, bisphenol A, hydroquinone, and pentachlorophenol metabolites). We put a special focus on the discussion of molecular mechanisms underlying environmentally induced alterations in DNA hydroxymethylation patterns and their impact on genetic dysfunction. We conclude that DNA hydroxymethylation is a sensitive biosensor for many harmful environmental factors each of which specifically targets 5hmC in different organs, cell types, and DNA sequences and induces its changes through a specific metabolic pathway. The associated transcriptional changes suggest that environmentally induced 5hmC alterations play a role in epigenetically mediated genome flexibility. We believe that knowledge accumulated in this review together with further studies will provide a solid basis for new approaches to epigenetic therapy and chemoprevention of environmentally induced epigenetic toxicity involving 5hmC patterns.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN PREVALENSI CACING ENDOPARASIT PADA IKAN LAYANG DELES (Decapterus macrosoma) DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA BRONDONG, LAMONGAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Fahdi Putra Utama ◽  
Kismiyati . ◽  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Putri Desi Wulansari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Third Stage

ABSTRACT                The High Interest of public to Marine fish, create more demand of Slander Scad (Decapterus macrosoma). Slander Scad is one commodity that has economic value and high nutritional content. The Slander Scad is obtained from the catch of fishermen in the Nusantara Fishery Port Brondong, Lamongan. Fish that caught from the wild is likely to get a disease caused by infection of the endoparasites.worm.           The parasites that infect Slander scad probably caused by environmental factors that could decrease immune system, causing the fish easily infected by endoparasites worm such as Anisakis. This parasite is zoonotic and can infect humans, therefore, to identify and prevalence for humans who consume fish can manage properly. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of endoparasite worms that infect Slander Scad (D. Macrosoma) in Nusantara Fishery Port of Brondong, Lamongan. The research method is using a survey method through sampling at locations directly. 75 samples of Slander Scad were examined. The main parameters observed in this study are to observe the species and the prevalence of endoparasitic worm that infected Slander scad. The result of the identification of endoparasite that infected Slander Scad were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of figures and tables. The results showed the presence of the third-stage Anisakis simplex larvae that infect the Slander Scad in the liver, intestines, gonads, muscles in the abdominal side, in the Nusantara Fishery Port of Brondong Lamongan, East Java with a total prevalence of Anisakis simplex worm was 42.67%.                               Keywords: Slander Scad, Prevalence, Anisakis simplex, and zoonotic.

Variation in amount and elemental composition of epicuticular wax in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) leaves associated with natural environmental factors

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Sase ◽  
Takejiro Takamatsu ◽  
Tomio Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Opposite Change

Leaf samples of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (and some other conifers) taken from various locations in Japan were analyzed for differences in the amount and elemental composition of their epicuticular wax. In C. japonica the amount of wax per unit leaf mass was lower, and the C content of the wax relatively higher, than those of other species. The properties of the wax (amount, C and O contents) varied according to natural environmental factors such as altitude and exposure to volcanic acidic gases such as H2S, as well as branch height and leaf age within the tree. The amount of wax increased with leaf age (during the growing phase), altitude, branch height, and exposure to the gases, while the C content of wax decreased and the O content increased, except in the case of altitude, where they showed an opposite change. These findings suggest different alterations in wax properties under the effects of water stress (on high branches and at locations with a low rain factor), exposure to noxious gases, and strong UV radiation at high altitude.

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