Yeast and Bacteria as Biological Control Agents Against Fungal Discolouration of Pinus sylvestris Blocks in Laboratory-Based Tests and the Role of Antifungal Volatiles

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Payne ◽  
A. Bruce ◽  
H. Staines
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Volatiles ◽  
Blue Stain

Summary This paper reports on the use of yeast as biological control agents against mould and blue-stain fungi in laboratory-based Pinus sylvestris sapwood wood block incubation tests. All 5 yeast isolates tested significantly reduced discolouration of wood surfaces by moulds and most were also effective against staining fungi. The 2 most promising yeast isolates also significantly reduced radial growth of selected mould and stain fungi in vitro solely through the liberation of volatile compounds. Five bacterial isolates were also tested for antagonism toward mould and stain fungi and were effective biological control agents in wood block tests. Again, volatile production alone by the bacteria was shown to be sufficient to significantly reduce fungal growth in vitro. Most of the bacteria and yeasts significantly reduced wood discolouration by fungi when inoculated onto block surfaces 7 days before, or at the same time as the target fungi, and in some cases even when inoculated 7 days after the fungi. The possibility of using yeasts as biological control agents to prevent wood spoilage during kiln drying and short-term storage at sawmills is considered.

Migration of blue stain fungi within wax impregnated wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunthard Scholz ◽  
Stergios Adamopoulos ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Impregnated Wood ◽  
Parenchyma Tissue

The colonization of wax impregnated pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) by blue stain fungi and their hyphal migration within the treated wood was investigated. Neither the hydrophobation effect nor the physical presence of the congealed wax deposits could impede fungal growth on the surface. However, in contrast to the untreated controls, there was a lower occurrence of hyphae in wax-treated wood. Blue stain fungi grew mainly near the cross cut as well as in empty spaces such as micro-capillaries, parenchyma tissue or other wax free zones of treated wood.

scholarly journals Synthetic Histidine-Rich Peptides Inhibit Candida Species and Other Fungi In Vitro: Role of Endocytosis and Treatment Implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2797-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsong Zhu ◽  
Paul W. Luther ◽  
Qixin Leng ◽  
A. James Mixson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
Histatin 5 ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Endosomal Acidification

ABSTRACT A family of histidine-rich peptides, histatins, is secreted by the parotid gland in mammals and exhibits marked inhibitory activity against a number of Candida species. We were particularly interested in the mechanism by which histidine-rich peptides inhibit fungal growth, because our laboratory has synthesized a variety of such peptides for drug and nucleic acid delivery. In contrast to naturally occurring peptides that are linear, peptides made on synthesizers can be varied with respect to their degrees of branching. Using this technology, we explored whether histidine-lysine (HK) polymers of different complexities and degrees of branching affect the growth of several species of Candida. Polymers with higher degrees of branching were progressively more effective against Candida albicans, with the four-branched polymer, H2K4b, most effective. Furthermore, H2K4b accumulated efficiently in C. albicans, which may indicate its ability to transport other antifungal agents intracellularly. Although H2K4b had greater antifungal activity than histatin 5, their mechanisms were similar. Toxicity in C. albicans induced by histatin 5 or branched HK peptides was markedly reduced by 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonate, an inhibitor of anion channels. We also determined that bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of endosomal acidification, significantly decreased the antifungal activity of H2K4b. This suggests that the pH-buffering and subsequent endosomal-disrupting properties of histidine-rich peptides have a role in their antifungal activity. Moreover, the ability of the histidine component of these peptides to disrupt endosomes, which allows their escape from the lysosomal pathway, may explain why these peptides are both effective antifungal agents and nucleic acid delivery carriers.

Biocontrol of seed-borne Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vannacci ◽  
G. E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Radish Seedlings

Forty-two microorganisms were tested as biological control agents against Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola. Tests were conducted for in vitro antagonistic ability, for ability to control the pathogens on naturally infected seeds germinated on moistened blotters, and in planting mix in growth chamber studies, and for their ability to reduce pod infection. The organisms tested were obtained from cruciferous seeds or were strains already identified as being effective against soil-borne Pythium species. The blotter test indicated that six organisms increased both the number of healthy seedlings and the number of seedlings produced from A. raphani infected radish seeds. An additional seven strains improved either germination or increased the number of healthy seedlings. Twenty-nine organisms increased the number of healthy cabbage seedlings from A. brassicicola infected seeds, but total germination was not modified by any treatment. Experiments in planting mix showed that five antagonists (Chaetomium globosum, two strains of Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii, and Fusarium sp.) increased the number of healthy plants in both radish samples tested, while four additional antagonists provided a significant increase in only one of the samples tested. The five antagonists that consistently increased numbers of healthy radish seedlings also decreased pod infection by A. raphani. None were as effective as iprodrone, however. Several effective antagonists were found to be mycoparasitic against Alternaria spp. Some strains of Trichoderma previously found to be effective against Pythium spp. were also effective against Alternaria spp., indicating that these strains have a wide host range.

scholarly journals Daily Indexes for Predation and Growth of Nematophagous Mushrooms Species of Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae) on Panagrellus redividus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Cleonice Lubian ◽  
Danielle Dutra Martinha ◽  
Roberto Luis Portz ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves dos Santos e Silva Filho ◽  
Vagner Gularte Cortez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Panagrellus Redivivus ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Living Organisms

Biological control is a method of controlling pests through the use of other living organisms. The purposes of this study were to test Hohenbuehelia species as biological control agents against Panagrellus redivivus in vitro, evaluating nematodes influence on mycelia growth; establishing daily indexes for predation and growth and setting predation percentage. Five species previously identified as 436-Hohenbuehelia mastrucata (Nematoctonus hamatus), 528-H. bullulifera (not described so far), 581-H. paraguayensis (N. sp.), 582-H. sp. (N. sp.) and 631-H. portegna (N. campylosporus) were submitted to anamorphic purification directly from basidioma. Afterwards, 100 nematodes were added to each pure colony for predation test. Evaluation started right after 24 hours of nematode-fungus interaction. Immobilized and/or penetrated nematodes were counted and mycelia growth was measured. Results were subjected to variance analyses. Hohenbuehelia mastrucata had the best performance in growth speed, followed by H. portegna and H. paraguayensis; Nematodes multiplyied much but none specie grew more as an influence of their movement under mycelium, however all species formed trap devices and some of them produced adhesive or repelent substances. Trap devices were formed in control plates also. The plates of H. paraguayensis without nematodes grew more than treatments. Cumulative predation of H. portegna was the highest at 24 (195.5%) and 48 hours (235%). At the last evaluation day, H. paraguayensis preyed the same amount (185.75%) than H. portegna, followed by H. mastrucata (109.51%). Resulst of predation daily indexes displayed chronological activity for each isolate, where H. portegna was very reactive at first 24 hours, H. mastrucata raised its predacious activity in 48 hours being constant from this time on and H. paraguayensis pointed out itself at 72 hours. Other species presented low predation and growth indexes throughout experiment.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Assay for Assessment of the Biological Control Potential of Streptomyces sp. KT

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ohike ◽  
Minori Maeda ◽  
Tetsuya Matsukawa ◽  
Masahiro Okanami ◽  
Shin’ichiro Kajiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Dual Culture Assay

Rhizoctonia solani is fungal plant pathogen that infects many different host plants. Recently, biological control agents that are friendly to the environment and ecosystems have attracted much attention as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicide which have been used worldwide to control soil borne pathogens including R. solani. In this study, 53 strains of actinomycetes isolated from environmental soils, and antifungal activities of them were assessed by the dual culture assay. Strain KT showed strong inhibitory activities against 8 phytopathogenic fungi. A great suppressive effect on R. solani growth was observed in the inoculation test of plants using cucumber and chin-geng-sai. In addition, infection of Bipolaris oryzae also could be suppressed in the detached leaf assay using oats. As a result of genetic analysis, it was shown that KT was a species closely related to Streptomyces lavenduligriseus NRRL B-3173T. However, as far as we know, there is no report for biological control agents using S. lavenduligriseus. This study suggests that the strain KT may useful as biological control agents to suppress various crop diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi from peatlands against Ganoderma species under acidic condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYANTO ◽  
PURWANTO ◽  
S.H. POROMARTO ◽  
SUPYANI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Biological Methods

Abstract. Supriyanto, Purwanto, Poromarto SH, Supyani. 2020. Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi from peatlands against Ganoderma species under acidic conditions. Biodiversitas 21: 2935-2945. The use of peatlands is a significant contributor to the world’s palm oil production. A serious problem of oil palm plantations in peatlands is the high incidence of basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma, which has a higher attack rate than on mineral soils. There is no effective way to control Ganoderma in peatlands. At present, the effort for the same focuses on environment-friendly biological methods; however, this is constrained by the unavailability of appropriate biological agents for peatlands. The development of biological control agents for peatlands is hampered by limited data on biological control of Ganoderma in peatlands. This research was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi isolated from a peatland in acidic pH conditions. Twenty-seven Ganoderma-antagonistic fungi from peatland were evaluated for their activity and their ability to antagonism in vitro within a pH range of 2-7. The results show that most antagonistic fungi from peatland, based on biomass weight, the sporulation ability, and germination of conidium, were able to grow optimally at pH 3.0-4.0, indicating that most of the Ganoderma-antagonistic fungi from peatland can be used as biological control agents for BSR on oil palms in peatlands.

The in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora clandestina by some rhizobia and the possible role of Rhizobium trifolii in biological control of Phytophthora root rot of subterranean clover

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Simpfendorfer ◽  
T. J. Harden ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot

The interaction between 29 isolates of Rhizobium and the in vitro growth of 3 strains of Phytophthora clandestina was investigated to determine the potential of these bacteria as biological control agents against root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). The biological control activity of Rhizobium on the severity of root disease in seedlings was also investigated under glasshouse conditions. Thirteen of the 29 Rhizobium isolates caused significant reductions in the hyphal growth of the 3 P. clandestina isolates examined. Inoculation of seedlings with Rhizobium trifolii reduced the severity of root disease by 14–58% with corresponding increases in dry matter production of 20–73%. These results indicate that Rhizobium species have potential as biological control agents against the root rot of T. subterraneum seedlings caused by P. clandestina.

scholarly journals Screening of wheat endophytes as biological control agents against Fusarium head blight using two different in vitro tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Comby ◽  
Marie Gacoin ◽  
Mathilde Robineau ◽  
Fanja Rabenoelina ◽  
Sébastien Ptas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Head Blight

The ecology of fungi infecting untreated sapwood of Pinus radiata

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

The succession of fungi colonizing untreated stakes of Pinus radiata sapwood was followed in aboveground, groundline, and belowground zones. The course and speed of the succession in these zones was influenced both by the source of infection and the moisture content of the wood. Aboveground moisture content of the stakes limited development, and colonization by airborne fungi (blue-stain fungi to molds) did not proceed to the stage where decay fungi became established. At groundline and below where the succession of organisms (primary molds to soft-rot fungi to secondary molds and basidiomycetes) was complete, moisture content was more favorable for fungal growth. The succession proceeded more slowly belowground than at groundline because of (1) higher moisture content of the wood and (2) colonization being restricted to soil-borne fungi. Relative frequencies of fungi in each zone are tabulated and discussed. Decay capability tests were made to aid in establishing the role of soft rot and basidiomycetous fungi. The basidiomycetes encountered were not those usually isolated from posts of P. radiata in an advanced state of decay. Comparative studies of the effect of temperature and pH on the growth rate of the various fungi isolated were of little value in explaining the broad bases for the successional trends. Some basic problems remaining in ecological studies of wood-inhabiting fungi are discussed.

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