Influence of Botanical Species and Geographical Origin on the Content of Low Molecular Weight Phenolic Compounds of Woods Used in Portuguese Cooperage

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Canas ◽  
M. Conceição Leandro ◽  
M. Isabel Spranger ◽  
A. Pedro Belchior
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Botanical Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chestnut Wood

Summary The influence of botanical species (Quercus and Castanea sativa) and geographical origin (Portugal—three different sites, France and North America) on the qualitative and quantitative content of some extractable low molecular weight phenolic compounds was assessed by HPLC. Chestnut wood had the highest total content of low molecular weight phenolic compounds, followed by the Portuguese oaks and the French oaks, whereas the American oak had the lowest content of these compounds. The contents of phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, scopoletin and umbelliferone were significantly different among the studied woods. Both the botanical species and the geographical origin affect the content of low molecular weight organic compounds of woods used in Portuguese cooperage. The results also show that the botanical species seem to be more important than the geographical origin to explain the difference in the wood phenolic composition. So, the separation of trees according to their origin is of considerable interest for coopers and winemakers to choose wisely the woods for the ageing of brandies.

Study of phenolic potential of seasoned and toasted Portuguese wood species (Quercus pyrenaica and Castanea sativa)

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Castro-Vázquez ◽  
Maria Elena Alañón ◽  
Jorge Manuel Ricardo-da-Silva ◽  
Maria Soledad Pérez-Coello ◽  
Olga Laureano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chestnut Wood

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The phenolic potential and suitability of seasoned and toasted Portuguese chestnut (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill) and oak wood (<em>Quercus pyrenaica</em>) as alternative cooperage materials were evaluated.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Low-molecular-weight phenols and ellagitannins from seasoned and toasted Portuguese wood species were analysed by HPLC. <em>C. sativa</em> was found to be richer in phenolic compounds than <em>Q. pyrenaica</em>. High concentrations of vescalagin and gallic acid were specific to <em>C. sativa</em>. Toasting significantly reduced the ellagitannin content in both wood types, albeit less markedly in <em>C.</em> <em>sativa</em>. As regards phenolic aldehydes, <em>C. sativa</em> contained substantially greater amounts of vanillic aldehyde, an odour-active compound, than <em>Q. pyrenaica</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Both types of Portuguese wood are suitable for use as cooperage materials, although chestnut wood is better suited to the heat treatment involved in the coopering process.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Portuguese wood species provide an effective alternative to the oak wood species traditionally used for aging alcoholic beverages.</p>

ANALISA KANDUNGAN BETA-GLUKAN LARUT AIR DAN LARUT ALKALI DARI TUBUH BUAH JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus) DAN SHIITAKE (Lentinus edodes)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netty Widyastuti ◽  
Teguh Baruji ◽  
Henky Isnawan ◽  
Priyo Wahyudi ◽  
Donowati Donowati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Difference

Beta glucan is a polysaccharide compound, generally not soluble inwater and resistant to acid. Beta glucan is used as an immunomodulator (enhancing the immune system) in mammals is usually a beta-glucan soluble in water, easily absorbed and has a low molecular weight. Several example of beta-glucan such as cellulose (β-1 ,4-glucan), lentinan (β-1 0.6-glucan) and (β-1 ,3-glucan), pleuran (β-1, 6 and β-1 ,3-glucan) are isolated from species of fungi Basidiomycota include mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus edodes).The purpose of thisresearch activity is to obtain beta-glucan compound that can be dissolved in water and in alkali derived from fungi Basidiomycota, i.e, Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus edodes). The result of beta-glucan compared to characterize the resulting beta glucan that is molecular structure . The difference of beta glucan extraction is based on the differences in solubility of beta-glucan. Beta glucan could be water soluble and insoluble water.

scholarly journals Selection of inorganic-based fertilizers in forward osmosis for water desalination

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Mishra ◽  
RK Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The current study aims at the selection of an appropriate draw solute for forward osmosis process. Separation and recovery of the draw solute are the major criteria for the selection of draw solute for forward osmosis process. Therefore in this investigation six inorganic fertilizers draws solute were selected. The selections of inorganic fertilizers as draw solute eliminate the need of removal and recovery of draw solute from the final product. The final product water of forward osmosis process has direct application in agricultural as nutrient rich water for irrigation. These inorganic fertilizers were tested based on their water extraction (water flux) capacity. This experimental water flux was compared with the observed water flux. It was noted that the observed water flux is much higher than the attained experimental water flux. The difference of these two fluxes was used to calculate the performance ratio of each selected fertilizer. Highest performance ratio was shown by low molecular weight compound ammonium nitrate (22.73) and potassium chloride (21.03) at 1 M concentration, whereas diammonium phosphate (DAP) which has highest molecular weight among all the selected fertilizer show the lowest performance ratio (10.02) at 2 M concentration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12660 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 319-329

scholarly journals Alternative Woods in Enology: Characterization of Tannin and Low Molecular Weight Phenol Compounds with Respect to Traditional Oak Woods. A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Gil ◽  
Maria del Alamo-Sanza ◽  
Rosario Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
Ignacio Nevares
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
New Reservoir

Wood is one of the most highly valued materials in enology since the chemical composition and sensorial properties of wine change significantly when in contact with it. The need for wood in cooperage and the concern of enologists in their search for new materials to endow their wines with a special personality has generated interest in the use of other Quercus genus materials different from the traditional ones (Q. petraea, Q. robur and Q. alba) and even other wood genera. Thereby, species from same genera such as Q. pyrenaica Willd., Q. faginea Lam., Q. humboldtti Bonpl., Q. oocarpa Liebm., Q. stellata Wangenh, Q. frainetto Ten., Q. lyrata Walt., Q. bicolor Willd. and other genera such as Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (false acacia), Prunus avium L. and P. cereaus L. (cherry), Fraxinus excelsior L. (European ash) and F. americana L. (American ash) have been studied with the aim of discovering whether they could be a new reservoir of wood for cooperage. This review aims to summarize the characterization of tannin and low molecular weight phenol compositions of these alternative woods for enology in their different cooperage stages and compare them to traditional oak woods, as both are essential to proposing their use in cooperage for aging wine.

scholarly journals Low-temperature dynamics in amorphous polymers and low-molecular-weight glasses—what is the difference?

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1843-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yu. Eremchev ◽  
Yury G. Vainer ◽  
Andrei V. Naumov ◽  
Lothar Kador
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Polymers ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Temperature Dynamics ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Impact of malolactic fermentation on low molecular weight phenolic compounds

Talanta ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Cabrita ◽  
M. Torres ◽  
V. Palma ◽  
E. Alves ◽  
R. Patão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

scholarly journals How acetaldehyde reacts with low molecular weight phenolics in white and red wines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Cucciniello ◽  
Martino Forino ◽  
Luigi Picariello ◽  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Luigi Moio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Red Pigments ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Color Evolution ◽  
Wine Color

AbstractAcetaldehyde is a key compound in determining wine color evolution and sensory properties. Major wine metabolites reactive to acetaldehyde are phenolic compounds, mainly flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins. Many studies have been conducted with the purpose of investigating acetaldehyde reactivity in model solutions, but very poor are the reports of its fate in real wines. By means of LC-HRESIMS and UV/Vis HPLC, red and white wines exposed to an excess of acetaldehyde were analyzed with a specific focus on low molecular weight phenolics. The chemical behavior of acetaldehyde turned out to be different in white and red wines. In white wines, it mainly mediated the formation of vinyl-flavan-3-ol derivatives, while in red wines it led to the formation of ethylidene-bridged red pigments. These latter positively enhanced the color properties of red wines. Conversely, in white wines, the formation of compounds, such as xanthylium ions, causing the undesired browning effects were not detected.

Thrombocytopenia Is More Common and Nadir Occurs Earlier with Unfractionated Heparin Than with Low Molecular Weight Heparin - Results from the Prospective Catch Registry.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197-2197
Author(s):  
Stephan Moll ◽  
Charles S. Abrams ◽  
Lawrence Rice ◽  
Richard C. Becker ◽  
Peter B. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time To Onset

Abstract Background : Thrombocytopenia in the patient on heparin can have various etiologies, including benign reversible causes and serious, potentially life-threatening ones, such as heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Knowledge about the prevalence of and timecourse of thrombocytopenia in heparin-treated patients may be helpful to develop systems of alerting clinicians to possible HIT and determining how frequently to check blood counts to detect thrombocytopenia that may be heralding HIT. Methods : The CATCH registry is a prospective registry of inpatients enrolled between March 2003 and April 2004 at over 50 US hospitals in 3 strata: [1] receiving > 96 hours of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), [2] developing thrombocytopenia (platelets >50% reduction from baseline or <150,000/mm3) in the cardiac care unit and [3] patients on whom HIT tests were ordered. Here we present the data of the prolonged heparin stratum. Results : 1,121 and 861 patients received UFH and LMWH, respectively, for > 96 hours. A platelet count decrease of > 50 % from baseline was seen more frequently in patients on UFH than in patients on LMWH (10.7% and 7.9 %, respectively; p = 0.03). The parameters that predicted development of thrombocytopenia in the UHF group were length of heparin therapy, body mass index, and admission to a cardiac service; the only parameter predicting thrombocytopenia in the LMWH group was length of LMWH treatment. Of the patients with decreased platelet count by > 50 % from baseline (for UFH n = 120; for LMWH n = 68), this drop occurred in the UFH group at a median of 3.0 days after initiation of heparin and at a median of 4.0 days in the LMWH group. The difference in timing between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.205). The platelet nadir was reached after a median /mean of 4.0 / 7.4 days in the UFH group, and 8.0 / 11.4 days in the LMWH group. This was statistically significantly different between the 2 groups (p-value = 0.0025). Conclusions : A platelet count decrease of > 50 % from baseline occurs frequently in inpatients treated with prolonged heparin. It occurs slightly more frequently on UFH than on LMWH. The median time to onset of thrombocytopenia (> 50 % decrease from baseline) occurs early, at 3–4 days. Daily platelet count checks in the first few days of heparin therapy may be helpful to rapidly discover thrombocytopenia that may then prompt HIT testing.

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