Modifications of Hybrid Walnut (Juglans nigra 23 x Juglans regia) Wood Colour and Phenolic Composition Under Various Steaming Conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Burtin ◽  
Christian Jay-Allemand ◽  
Jean-Paul Charpentier ◽  
Gérard Janin
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Wood Colour ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Colour System

Summary The effects of steaming were studied on Walnut wood from a hybrid (Juglans nigra 23 × J. regia) tree in terms of wood colour and phenolic composition. Wood samples were subjected to treatments at 75, 100 and 125°C for 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours. Colour changes were measured in the CIELCh colour system and phenolics were characterized and quantified by means of HPLC. Steaming mainly resulted in a darkening of wood tissues. Colour changes increased as temperature increased from 75 to 125°C. Lightness L* gradually decreased from 0 to 24 h at 75°C, whereas with higher temperatures, most of the darkening occurred within the first 4 hours of exposure. Contrast in colour, between sapwood and heartwood in particular, could be reduced by steaming at 125°C. The best steaming treatment, leading to a colour of steamed sapwood close to that of natural heartwood, was at 100°C/16 h. Hydrojuglone glucoside (HJG), ellagic and gallic acid derivatives (E1, E2 and G respectively) were gradually degraded by steaming, whereas a new flavonol (F) and oxidation products (OP) increased. Relationships between wood colour and phenolic content are discussed.

Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Populations from Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ait lhaj ◽  
K. Taghzouti ◽  
A. Bouyahya ◽  
G. Diria ◽  
K. Bakhy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Promising Source

This study was aimed at determining the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of leaves of Arbutus unedo populations belonging to seven Moroccan locations. Antioxidant activity is evaluated using two methods: scavenging effect on DPPH and scavenging effect on ABTS radicals. The Arbutus unedo leaf extracts displayed average values of 61.95 mg GAE, 3.60 mg QE, and 0.15 mg CE per g of dry weight (DW) in polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins contents, respectively. All extracts exhibited a strong antioxidant effect on both assays, presenting mean IC50 values of 4.22 in DPPH assay and 4.86 μg/ml in ABTS assay. Significant variability (P < 0.0001) was showed among surveyed populations; samples from the Chefchaouen location (CH) was revealed the highest total phenolic content (107.67 mg GAE/g DW) and the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 values of 0.80 and 1.56 μg/ml, in DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively). The phenolic profile achieved by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS was dominated by gallic acid, Gallic acid glucose derivative, and Galloylquinic acid derivative. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity. These results provide that Arbutus unedo leaves should be considered as a promising source of natural antioxidants, and as ingredients in complimentary food and nutraceutical products.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES AND STEM BARKS OF Artocarpus scortechinii KING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajarahtunnur Jamil ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Norzafneza Mohd Arriffin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

The antioxidant activities of extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) from the leaves and stem barks of Artocarpus scortechinii were evaluated using various biochemical assays. The quantification of the Total Antioxidant Capacity was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. While, the qualitative of The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined via standard gallic acid calibration graph which was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw) using Folin Ciocalteau’s reagent. Among all the extracts tested, the methanolic extract of the stem barks showed the highest phenolic content with TPC value of 136.84 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw). FRAP results were expressed as mM equivalent to FeSO4.7H2O by calculating from the standard FeSO4.7H2O calibration graph. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks showed the most significant reducing potential in the range between 0.27-2.47 mM FRAP. ABTS+˙ radical scavenging capacity showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks had the highest scavenging capacity at concentration 1.0 mM with percentage of 90.9%.

scholarly journals TOTAL POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SILYBUM MARIANUM CULTURES GROWN ON DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattem Mekky ◽  
Samah El Sohafy ◽  
Rasha Abu El-khair ◽  
Amr El Hawiet
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of supplementing Silybum marianum cultures with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators on the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the produced cultures.Methods: The total polyphenolic content of 23 extracts of calli was calculated as µg of gallic acid/mg of dry weight extract (DWE) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was calculated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for extracts containing more than 10 µg gallic acid/mg DWE.Results: Most of the combinations showed an increase in the total polyphenolic concentration compared to the wild plant. However, cultures grown on media supplemented with combinations of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and gebberellic acid (Gb), adenine (Ad) and kinetin (Kin), BAP and indole acetic acid (IAA) possessed the highest total polyphenolic contents 20.5, 13.09 and 12.15 µg gallic acid/mg DWE, respectively. However, only (BAP+Gb), (BAP+1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IAA, kin and (BAP+Ad) showed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity calculated as trolox equivalent with 2.65, 1.56, 1.56, 1.35 and 1.22 folds increase over the wild plant, respectively.Conclusion: The results obtained clearly indicated that changing the growth regulator system of Silybum marianum cultures serves as an easy and reliable method for increasing the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of cultures.

scholarly journals The effects of plant density and irrigation on phenolic content in cauliflower 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coumaric Acid

This study was conducted to study the influence of plant density and irrigation on the content of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonols in cv. ‘Sevilla’ cauliflower curds. Levels of phenolic acids and flavonols were in the range of 3.0–6.2 mg and 25.4–87.8 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively, depending on plant density and irrigation. Of the phenolic acids, caffeic acid was detected in the highest amount, followed by p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. Of the two flavonols detected, the levels of quercetin were higher than those of kaempferol. The content of the detected phenolic acids (with the exception of ferulic acid) and both flavonols increased with increasing plant density. Furthermore, the concentration of phenolic compounds (with the exception of ferulic acid) was significantly higher under irrigation.

The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ghafoor ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Süleyman Doğu ◽  
Nurhan Uslu ◽  
Gbemisola J. Fadimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90, 110, and 130 °C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Characteristics in Fruits of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes from Inner Anatolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer BEYHAN ◽  
Sadiye GOZLEKCI ◽  
Muttalip GUNDOGDU ◽  
Sezai ERCISLI
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics

Walnut fruits are used for their nutrition properties for a long time in Anatolia, where seed propagated walnuts are naturally found, as solitary individuals or dense populations. Some relevant physico-chemical and antioxidant characteristics of fruits were determined for fifteen promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) selections (named 'G-1' to 'G-15') propagated from seeds. The well-known Turkish walnut cultivar 'Sebin' was included in the analysis as a standard in order to make comparison with seed propagated genotypes. The average fruit weight and kernel ratios ranged from 7.43 to 12.61 g and 45.10 to 57.83% among the studied genotypes, respectively. The chemical analyses showed that protein, crude oil, ash, carbohydrate and dietary fiber contents of the analyzed walnut genotypes were between 11.09-18.16%, 55.38-65.15%, 1.61-2.08%, 12.01-17.89% and 2.90-4.12%, respectively. Total phenolic content was found between 1,107-1,876 mg GAE/100 g among the genotypes and most of them had higher phenolic content compared with cv. 'Sebin'. The total tocopherols content ranged from 30.0 to 44.4 mg/100 g of the extracted oil. The most common tocopherol in all samples was γ-tocopherol. The results obtained in the hereby study indicated that the seed propagated walnut trees can be very diverse and their nuts have a good potential for valuable sources of phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Impact of Extraction Conditions on the Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Grape Stem Extracts

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerea Jiménez-Moreno ◽  
Francesca Volpe ◽  
Jose Antonio Moler ◽  
Irene Esparza ◽  
Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Selection Of

The use of grape stems for the extraction of bioactive compounds to be used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries is a promising objective. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the different extraction conditions (temperature, ethanol concentration, and ratio of sample/solvent) on phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of Mazuelo stem extracts. In general, the ethanol concentration of the extraction solvent was the factor that had the greatest influence on the extraction of different bioactive compounds. The greatest content of total phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activity of the extracts were obtained with 50% ethanol and at 40 °C. The most abundant compound found in the different extracts obtained from Mazuelo grape stem was (+)-catechin, but appreciable concentrations of gallic acid, a quercetin derivative, and stilbenes (trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin) were also extracted. Quercetin and malvidin-3-glucoside showed the highest correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts, while stilbenes did not present such relation. The maximum concentration of gallic acid was extracted with water but the extraction of most of the compounds was maximum on using 50% ethanol. Consequently, the selection of the extraction method to be used will depend on the particular compound to be extracted in greatest quantity.

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