scholarly journals Characterization of Tar Deposits, Extraction and Sorption Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Adrian Pryszcz ◽  
Barbora Grycová ◽  
Ivan Koutník ◽  
Veronika Blahůšková
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Bet Method

Abstract The main goal of this paper was to characterize and find a useful solution for the decomposition of tar deposits. For the experimental part, tar deposits, formed by polymerization and condensation reactions, were chosen from a storage tank for tars. At first the initial analyses of tar deposits (elemental, thermogravimetric, and calorimetric analyses) were performed. After the characterization, the tar deposits were extracted in the Soxhlet extractor by acetone, toluene, and quinolone and activated with potassium hydroxide. As the final step of this work, the sorption characterization on the 3Flex Surface Characterization Analyzer (Micromeritics) was performed. The specific surface area of the samples was evaluated using two methods - a single point measurement at p/p0=0.2 and BET method. Micropore and external surface areas were calculated based on a t-plot analysis (carbon black model).

scholarly journals Surface Characterization of Powdered Cellulose Activated by Potassium Hydroxide in Dry Condition Through Ball Milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Azadfar ◽  
Michael P. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Powdered Cellulose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Softwood Pulp

The surface chemical compositions of powdered cellulose have been characterized utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) techniques. Powdered cellulose was prepared by milling of bleached softwood pulp residues through a lab-scale planetary ball mill. Here we show how milling a mixture of the powdered cellulose with potassium hydroxide determines the surface chemical compositions of the obtained powdered cellulose, in a completely dry condition. The XPS analysis indicated the presence of new carbon and oxygen atoms as C4, C5, and O3. In turn, the FTIR analysis showed the stretching vibrations of the carbon–carbon double bond. The results suggest the formation of active oxygenated species on powdered cellulose surfaces.

Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Sieve SBA-15 and Catalysts Co/SBA-15 and Ru/Co/SBA-15

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocielys Jovelino Rodrigues ◽  
Liliane Andrade Lima ◽  
Gustavo Medeiros de Paula ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Superficial Area

A series of mesoporous materials have been synthesized in an acid medium, with various structures, such as SBA-15. These materials have many properties which make them potential catalysts. Among these we highlight their high surface areas and pore walls relatively thick, resulting in a greater hydrothermal stability. This work aims at the synthesis and characterization of molecular sieve SBA-15 with molar composition: 1.0 TEOS: 0.017 P123: 5.7 HCl: 193 H2O and Co/SBA-15 and catalysts for the reaction of Ru/Co/SBA-15 Fischer Tropsch process. The materials were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis by X-ray spectrometry, energy dispersive (EDX) and Nitrogen adsorption (BET method). X-ray diffraction showed that the calcined cobalt catalyst did not modify the structure of SBA-15 and that Co was present under the form of Co3O4 in the catalyst. The addition of cobalt in the SBA-15 decreased the specific superficial area of the molecular sieve.

scholarly journals Surface Characterization of Scheelites

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Herrero García ◽  
J. M. Guil Pinto ◽  
A. Ruiz Paniego
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Scheelite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tungstates and molybdates of Ca, Sr and Cd have been prepared by precipitation. X-ray diffractograms prove them to be stoichiometric compounds with scheelite structure. The surface of the products and its evolution with thermal treatment have been studied by thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, BET specific surface areas have been determined as well as pore volume distribution by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen and mercury porosimetry.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Development and Characterization of Amine-Clay Hybrid Adsorbents for CO2 Capture

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E.I. Elkhalifah ◽  
Mohammad Azmi Bustam ◽  
Azmi Mohd Shariff ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Nadia Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Stepwise Increase ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Sodium Form

The present work aims at a better understanding of the influences of the intercalated mono-, di- and triethanolamines on the characteristics and CO2 adsorption ability of sodium form of bentonite (Na-bentonite). The results revealed that the molar mass of intercalated amines significantly influenced the structural and surface properties as well as the CO2 adsorption capacity of Na-bentonite. In this respect, a stepwise increase in the d-spacing of Na-bentonite with the molar mass of amine was recorded by XRD technique. However, an inverse effect of the molar mass of amine on the surface area was confirmed by BET method. CO2 adsorption experiments on amine-bentonite hybrid adsorbents showed that the CO2 adsorption capacity inversly related to the molar mass of amine at 25 ͦC and 101 kPa. Accordingly, Na-bentonite modified by monoethanolammonium cations adsorbed as high as 0.475 mmol CO2/g compared to 0.148 and 0.087 mmol CO2/g for that one treated with di- and triethanolammonium cations, respectively.

Surface Characterization of Functionalized Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

Langmuir ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 9500-9507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kolbeck ◽  
Manuela Killian ◽  
Florian Maier ◽  
Natalia Paape ◽  
Peter Wasserscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Surface Characterization

scholarly journals Characterization of Steel Slag Filler and Its Effect on Aging Resistance of Asphalt Mastic with Various Aging Methods

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Minghua Wei ◽  
Shaopeng Wu ◽  
Haiqin Xu ◽  
Hechuan Li ◽  
Chao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Pore Characterization ◽  
Asphalt Mastics ◽  
Healing Property

Steel slag is the by-product of the steelmaking industry, the negative influences of which prompt more investigation into the recycling methods of steel slag. The purpose of this study is to characterize steel slag filler and study its feasibility of replacing limestone filler in asphalt concrete by evaluating the resistance of asphalt mastic under various aging methods. Firstly, steel slag filler, limestone filler, virgin asphalt, steel slag filler asphalt mastic and limestone filler asphalt mastic were prepared. Subsequently, particle size distribution, surface characterization and pore characterization of the fillers were evaluated. Finally, rheological property, self-healing property and chemical functional groups of the asphalt mastics with various aging methods were tested via dynamic shear rheometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that there are similar particle size distributions, however, different surface characterization and pore characterization in the fillers. The analysis to asphalt mastics demonstrates how the addition of steel slag filler contributes to the resistance of asphalt mastic under the environment of acid and alkaline but is harmful under UV radiation especially. In addition, the pore structure in steel slag filler should be a potential explanation for the changing resistance of the asphalt mastics. In conclusion, steel slag filler is suggested to replace limestone filler under the environment of acid and alkaline, and environmental factor should be taken into consideration when steel slag filler is applied to replace natural fillers in asphalt mastic.

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